 | This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: Very poor and clumsy English.(September 2017) |
The Ukrainian shipbuilding industry began to develop in times of the Cossacks.
| This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: Very poor and clumsy English.(September 2017) |
The Ukrainian shipbuilding industry began to develop in times of the Cossacks.
The most popular ships built were gulls and large single mast ships. As the sea was controlled by the Ottoman Empire, shipbuilding was developed near the Dnipro river, where wood - the main material for shipbuilding at the time - was readily available.
To build a Cossack gull took approximately 2 weeks, utilizing the labour of around 60 people. The bottom of ships was made of willow or linden. The vessels' hulls were made from oak planks. On the fore and aft, they built cabins to store provisions, ammunition and weapons. At the centre of the deck the mast was fixed with sails; on both sides of the boat were between 20 and 40 oars. These ships were very maneuverable. The length of the boat was between 15 and 22 meters, the height was about 4 meters, and the width - 6 meters. The boat could hold between 40 and 60 Cossacks. [1]
In Ukraine, the first shipyard for the construction of warships was built in 1788 in Mykolaiv. In 1862 in Kyiv based building company, which later turned into a shipyard. In the years 1895-1897 were built two shipyards in Mykolaiv. In Ukraine, there were seven shipbuilding and ship-repair enterprises in 1913 (in Mykolaiv, Kherson, Odesa, etc.). Shipbuilding in Ukraine was developed in the 1920-30-s; from 1928 till 1929 it was producing 14% of total engineering production and its weight increased in the USSR. Also, there were built many new factories and old factories were reconstructed.
After the World War II there was a second rebuilding and reconstruction of destroyed factories and building new ones.
In the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic major shipbuilding companies were located in Mykolaiv, Odesa, Kherson, Kyiv; smaller companies were located in Sevastopol, Zhdanov, Kerch; outside the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic - in Tahanrih, Novorossiysk, Tuapse; river ship repair companies in Zaporizhzhia, Dnipro, Kiliya, Pinsk and others. The largest plants are Black Sea Shipyard in Mykolaiv, Kherson Shipyard and Kuznya na Rybalskomu in Kyiv. Black Sea Shipyard was formed in 1907 as a result of combining the two shipyards. This shipyard produces ocean vessels, tankers, and dry cargo vessels. Also, by 1914 it was built the first world underwater barrage "Crab" and the first one in the Russian Empire turbine destroyers. From 1957 to 1961 were built whaling bases "Soviet Ukraine" and "Soviet Russia" with a displacement of more than 20000 tons. Kherson Shipyard was built from 1951 to 1953. This Shipyard produces ocean vessels, riverboats, ships, etc. Kuznya na Rybalskomu Plant was founded in 1862, as an engineering enterprise, but in 1913 was turned into a shipyard. Kuznya na Rybalskomu produces river vessels, sea fishing trawlers and others.
Shipbuilding statistics in the USSR are not published. Also, there is no information about the structure of military ships on Ukrainian shipyards. There is an assumption, that by 1941, Ukraine was producing 15-20 military ships on factories. By 1914, Ukrainian shipbuilding was producing mainly military vessels. [2]
Nowadays different types of vessels are building in Ukraine including dry cargo , bulk tankers, whaling base, freezing fishing trawlers, receiving and transport, reefer timber, for seismic search, passenger hydrofoils, etc. The structure of military vehicles significantly increased. There are many shiprepair companies.
In the first part of 2002 shipbuilding companies of Ukraine produced products worth ₴270 million. The improvement of the situation in the shipbuilding industry is largely due to its restructuring. In joint stock society transformed the vast majority of companies. The non-core companies were separated from plants and turned into independent economic entities. The factories have lost the social sphere, requiring large expenditures for maintenance.
The favorable factor was the cooperation of a number of Ukrainian factories, established the cooperation with the European shipbuilding companies, the hulls were producing in Ukraine and the completion of their construction was finished in Europe. Due to this scheme of order, the construction of various types of hull now have "Damen Shipyards Okean", shipbuilding plant "Zalyv" (Kerch), Kuznya na Rybalskomu Plant (Kyiv shipbuilding and repair plant).
However, many problems still remain. A number of companies continue the construction of vessels previously entered into unprofitable contracts. Plants are experiencing enormous difficulties in obtaining loans for modernization, lack of working capital, with loading capacities.
In 2006 in Ukraine shipbuilding companies produced products worth ₴2,303 million. The volume of manufactured products increased by 11% compared to 2005. In 2007, 42 vehicles were ordered in the amount of 248 million dollars.
Between 2000 and 2006 there have been positive trends in shipbuilding of Ukraine.
Media constantly write about events in the shipbuilding and ship-repairing industries. [3]
By type of work performed enterprises are divided into the following types:
The following shipyards are located in Crimea and are following the 2014 Russian annexation of Crimea not controlled by Ukraine:
Ukrainian shipbuilding industry has great export potential, which affects the development of the national economy. At the same time in Ukraine due to lack of funding, there is a lack of relevant research, the lack of coordinated cooperation of research and design organizations and enterprises. Its negative impact on the competitiveness and quality of products produced by domestic enterprises.
Mykolaiv is a city and a municipality in southern Ukraine. Mykolaiv is the administrative center of Mykolaiv Oblast. The city of Mykolaiv, which provides Ukraine with access to the Black Sea, is the location of the most downriver bridge crossing of the Southern Bug river. This city is one of the main shipbuilding centers of the Black Sea. Aside from three shipyards within the city, there are a number of research centers specializing in shipbuilding such as the State Research and Design Shipbuilding Center, Zoria-Mashproekt and others. As of 2022, the city has a population of 470,011. Mykolaiv holds the honorary title Hero City of Ukraine.
The Ukrainian Navy is the maritime forces of Ukraine and one of the five branches of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.
Kuznia na Rybalskomu is a ship building and armament company in Kyiv, Ukraine. Situated on the Dnieper River and presently concentrating on river ships, the company is also able to produce and repair small sea vessels, as well as various military equipment.
The Black Sea Shipyard is a shipbuilding facility in Mykolaiv, Ukraine, on the southern tip of the Mykolaiv peninsula. It was founded in 1895 by Belgian interests and began building warships in 1901. At the beginning of World War I in 1914, it was one of the largest industrial facilities in the Russian Empire. The shipyard was moribund in the first decades of the Soviet Union until the Soviets began building up their fleet in the 1930s and it began building surface warships as well as submarines. The yard was badly damaged during World War II and took several years to be rebuilt. Surface warship construction temporarily ended in the mid-1950s before being revived in the mid-1960s and submarines were last built in the yard in late 1950s. The Black Sea Shipyard built all of the aircraft carrying ships of the USSR and Russia and continued before the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine to build large commercial ships.
The Okean Shipyard located in Mykolaiv, Ukraine is the third major ship construction yard in the area. It operates modern production facilities supplied by world known companies and it has a medium and heavy tonnage production line. The yard has constructed many different types of vessels to include non-self propelled barges, sea rescue tugs, timber-carriers, fish-processing factories, bulk carriers, and research ships.
The Zaliv Shipbuilding Yard is located in Kerch, Ukraine and specializes in the construction of tankers and container carriers, and the repair of ships of different types and tonnage.
Sevastopol Shipyard is a shipyard located in Sevastopol, Crimea, founded as a dockyard for the Imperial Russian Navy in 1783.
The Kherson Shipyard is a joint stock company located in Kherson, Ukraine at the mouth of the Dnieper River. The shipyard specializes in building merchant ships to include dry cargo ships, tankers, ice-breakers, container-ships, drilling vessels, and floating dry docks. In 1983, the shipyard delivered the impressive Alexei Kosygin class of Arctic barge carriers.
Azov Shipyard, formerly known as Zhdanov Shipyard, located in Mariupol, Ukraine, is the largest ship repair enterprise in the Sea of Azov, specializing in ship repair, shipbuilding, mechanical engineering, and cargo transshipment. The company is managed by Mariupol Investment Group. It is a subsidiary of SCM Holdings.
Ukrainian Defense Industry, also operating as Ukroboronprom State Concern, is an association of multi-product enterprises in various sectors of the defence industry of Ukraine. The company has ceased most of its activities across Ukraine since the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine and has relocated much of its production abroad during the war.
The Project 58150 Gyurza class is a series of small armored gunboats built for the Uzbek Frontier Service. The whole class is produced by the Kuznya na Rybalskomu (Kyiv). The class is named after the Levant viper, Гюрза, Hiurza, in Ukrainian.
PO More Shipyard is a shipyard located in Feodosia, Crimea.
Donbas was a Project 304 former Soviet repair ship that was converted to a command ship of the Ukrainian Navy. She was built on Szczecin Shipyard in Poland in 1969 for the Soviet Navy and entitled PM-9. "PM" is a Russian abbreviation for a repair ship, and literally means a floating repair shop. Donbas was destroyed during the Siege of Mariupol as a part of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.
Nibulon Shipbuilding-Shiprepair Plant is a Ukrainian shipyard that is located in Mykolaiv owned by agricultural company Nibulon. It is located right next to the Black Sea Shipyard.
Ukrainian Sea Ports Authority (USPA) (Ukrainian: Адміністрація морських портів України (АМПУ)) is a state company created in 2013 after the adoption of the law "On Sea Ports of Ukraine" and united all ports of Ukraine under one administration. Total throughput of 13 seaports in 2019 exceeded 160 million tons.
The defense industry of Ukraine is a strategically important sector and a large employer in Ukraine. After working for several decades mostly for the arms export markets, in 2014 it has moved significantly into increased Ukrainian military procurement since the start of the war in Donbas.
Simferopol is a medium reconnaissance ship of the Ukrainian Navy that was originally built at the Kuznya na Rybalskomu shipbuilding plant. The new reconnaissance ship is based on the Project 502EM named Laguna.
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