Shoreham Tollbridge

Last updated

Shoreham Tollbridge
Old Shoreham Bridge, Old Shoreham (IoE Code 297270).jpg
The bridge from the east bank at Old Shoreham Road
Coordinates 50°50′26.2″N0°17′18.2″W / 50.840611°N 0.288389°W / 50.840611; -0.288389 Coordinates: 50°50′26.2″N0°17′18.2″W / 50.840611°N 0.288389°W / 50.840611; -0.288389
Crosses River Adur
Locale Shoreham and Lancing,
West Sussex
History
Opened1782
Closed1970
Location
Shoreham Tollbridge

Shoreham Tollbridge is a bridge crossing the River Adur in West Sussex, England. It is the last of its kind in Sussex and one of the last of its kind anywhere in the world.[ clarification needed ]

Contents

Old Shoreham Tollbridge

Reconstructed Shoreham Tollbridge Shoreham-Tollbridge.JPG
Reconstructed Shoreham Tollbridge

The eighteenth and nineteenth centuries saw the construction of a great many structures in England. Canals, harbour schemes, railways, roads and bridges were all built. What is now known as the Old Shoreham Tollbridge was built during this period over the River Adur between Shoreham and Lancing. Before the building of the bridge in 17812, the Adur presented the one major obstacle to east-west communication along the coastal plain of Southern England. The choices open to the traveller wishing to cross the Adur were to travel miles out of the way and use the bridge at Bramber, to ford the river on horseback or to use the ferry that was operating at that time on the site of what is now the bridge. Whilst little is known about the operation of the ferry it must have been a daunting prospect as it was later described as 'dangerous and frequently impassable' in the Act of Parliament authorising the construction of the bridge.

Act of Parliament

The construction of Old Shoreham Tollbridge was authorised by Act of Parliament; 21 Geo. 3. c. 35, in 1781. The act established a body of trustees to construct 'a proper and substantial Bridge, for the Passage of Carriages... over the said River, at or near the said Ferry'. The new wooden bridge was ten months in the making and first opened to public traffic in March 1782.

Financing

From the beginning, the bridge was to be financially self-supporting. Money was to be raised in two ways. Firstly by the issue of fifty share units held on a life annuity basis, by which £5,000 was raised by thirty-six subscribers. Secondly by the imposition of a toll on all foot passengers and animal and vehicular traffic using the bridge. The early tolls were:

For every Coach, Chariot, Chaise, Hearse, or other such like Carriage, with four Wheels, One Shilling; and for every Horse or other Beast drawing the same, Sixpence:

For every Chaise, Chair, or other such like Carriage, with Two Wheels, Sixpence; and for every Horse or other Beast drawing the same, Sixpence:

For every Wagon or Wain, One Shilling; and for every Horse or other Beast drawing the same, Threepence:

For every Cart, Ninepence; and for every Horse or other Beast drawing the same Threepence:

For every Horse, Mare, Gelding, Mule or Ass, laden or unladen, and not drawing, Threepence:

For every score of Oxen, Cows, or Neat Cattle, One Shilling and Eightpence:and so in Proportion for any less Number:

For every Score of Calves, Hogs, Sheep or Lambs, Tenpence; and so in Proportion for any less Number:

And for every Foot Passenger, One Halfpenny

Ownership

The bridge remained in private trusteeship for the first eighty years. The bridge was then taken over by the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway Company on the opening of the Steyning Line from Shoreham to Horsham in 1861. The bridge was completely rebuilt by the company during the First World War retaining the original eighteenth century design. The bridge carried the coastal trunk road - the A27 road - until 1970 when its successor was built a quarter mile to the north. The Railway Magazine in the January-February 1946 issue said "It may be remarked here that the Shoreham-Horsham branch crosses the highway on the level at the Old Shoreham end of the wooden bridge, where a block signal box is provided. The signalmen, in addition to attending to the level-crossing gates, collect the tolls from vehicles crossing this old wooden bridge." The British Railways Board finally closed the bridge to road traffic on 7 December 1970. At the time the bridge closed it was the last public road bridge in Sussex to be controlled by a toll. The bridge transferred to the ownership of West Sussex County Council where it remains. The bridge has since been classified as a Grade II* listed building and is preserved as a building of historic interest.

Present day

Flowers in memory of those who died in the 2015 Shoreham Airshow crash nearby People pay tribute to those who lost their lives in the Shoreham Airshow Crash.jpg
Flowers in memory of those who died in the 2015 Shoreham Airshow crash nearby

During 2008 the bridge underwent a major refurbishment with the aim of extending its life for a further 30 years. The bridge has now been designated a bridleway [ citation needed ] and is a popular local landmark used by both leisure and commuter traffic on foot, bicycle and horseback. It is also a popular spot for local fisherman. The refurbishment completely replaced the pilehead crossbeams, deck support longitudinal beams and handrails with selective replacement and reinforcement of components of each of the 27 pile bents. The project was managed and partly funded by West Sussex County Council. The rest of the funding came from the Heritage Lottery Fund, landfill tax credits and the Old Shoreham Tollbridge Community Trust.

The bridge was listed at Grade II* by English Heritage on 12 October 1954. [1] Such buildings are defined as being "particularly important ... [and] of more than special interest". [2] As of February 2001, it was one of six Grade II* listed buildings, and 119 listed buildings of all grades, in Adur district. [3]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shoreham-by-Sea</span> Town in West Sussex, England

Shoreham-by-Sea is a coastal town and port in West Sussex, England.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lancing, West Sussex</span> Human settlement in England

Lancing is a large coastal village and civil parish in the Adur district of West Sussex, England, on the western edge of the Adur Valley. It occupies part of the narrow central section of the Sussex coastal plain between smaller Sompting to the west, larger Shoreham-by-Sea to the east, and the parish of Coombes to the north. Excluding definitive suburbs it may have the largest undivided village cluster in Britain. However, its economy is commonly analysed as integral to the Brighton/Worthing/Littlehampton conurbation. Its settled area beneath the South Downs National Park covers 3.65 square miles, the majority of its land.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">River Adur</span> River in Sussex, England

The Adur is a river in Sussex, England; it gives its name to the Adur district of West Sussex. The river, which is 20 miles (32 km) long, was once navigable for large vessels up as far as Steyning, where there was a large Saxon port, but by the 11th century the lower river became silted up and the port moved down to the deeper waters at the mouth of the river in Shoreham-by-Sea.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Adur District</span> Non-metropolitan district in England

Adur is a local government district of West Sussex, England. It is named after its main river and is historically part of the English county of Sussex. The council is based in Shoreham-by-Sea and the district has a population of 59,627 according to the 2001 census.

Kingston by Sea, also known as Kingston Buci, Kingston Bucii or simply Kingston, is a small area in the Adur district of West Sussex, England. Although it is now part of a continuous urban area, its origins lay in an ancient village and parish church between Southwick to the east, Shoreham-by-Sea to the west and the mouth of the River Adur to the south. St Julian's Church survives, and its parish perpetuates the ancient "Kingston Buci" name.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Twineham</span> Village in England

Twineham is a village and civil parish in the Mid Sussex District of West Sussex, England. It is located eight kilometres to the west of Burgess Hill. The civil parish covers an area of 784 hectares In the 2001 census 271 people lived in 100 households, of whom 139 were economically active. The 2011 Census population was 306.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Maidenhead Bridge</span> Bridge in Maidenhead, Berkshire

Maidenhead Bridge is a Grade I listed bridge carrying the A4 road over the River Thames between Maidenhead, Berkshire and Taplow, Buckinghamshire, England. It crosses the Thames on the reach above Bray Lock, about half a mile below Boulter's Lock. The Thames Path crosses the river here.

The Steyning Line was a railway branch line that connected the West Sussex market town of Horsham with the port of Shoreham-by-Sea, with connections to Brighton. It was built by the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway, and opened in 1861. It was 20 miles in length. It followed the course of the River Adur for much of its extent and was alternatively known as the Adur Valley Line.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">St Mary de Haura Church, Shoreham-by-Sea</span> Church in West Sussex , England

St Mary de Haura Church is an Anglican church in the ancient "New Shoreham" area of Shoreham-by-Sea in the district of Adur, one of seven local government districts in the English county of West Sussex. It was founded at the end of the 11th century as a large cruciform church which, due to its original scale, has been described as a collegiate church—a reflection of the port of Shoreham's importance at the time. The former east end of that building survives to form the present church, and much 12th-century work remains. It functions as Shoreham-by-Sea's "town church" for major religious and social events, as well as serving as the town-centre parish. English Heritage has listed it at Grade I for its architectural and historical importance.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">St Nicolas Church, Shoreham-by-Sea</span> Church in West Sussex , England

St Nicolas Church is an Anglican church in Old Shoreham, an ancient inland settlement that is now part of the town of Shoreham-by-Sea in the district of Adur, one of seven local government districts in the English county of West Sussex. It was founded on a riverside site by Anglo-Saxons at the start of the 10th century, possibly on the site of a 5th-century predecessor. Some Saxon-era structural elements remain despite 12th-century additions made when Shoreham became prosperous, further extension in the 14th century and a Victorian restoration. The cruciform structure, with its solid central tower, features some unusual Norman-era carving. English Heritage has listed it at Grade I for its architectural and historical importance.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Erringham chapel</span> Historic site in West Sussex, United Kingdom

Erringham chapel is a former place of worship in the deserted medieval village of Old Erringham, north of Shoreham-by-Sea in the district of Adur, one of seven local government districts in the English county of West Sussex. Founded in the 11th century as a chapel of ease to St Nicolas' Church in the Saxon riverside village of Old Shoreham, it was in use for several centuries until depopulation caused Old Erringham to become unviable as a settlement. The chapel fell into ruin, and its remains have been incorporated into a barn on the farm which now occupies the site of the village. English Heritage has listed the remaining structure at Grade II for its architectural and historical importance.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">St Peter's Church, Shoreham-by-Sea</span> Historic site in West Sussex , England

The name St Peter's Church has been borne by two Roman Catholic churches in the town of Shoreham-by-Sea in the district of Adur, in the English county of West Sussex. The original church with that dedication was the town's first permanent Roman Catholic place of worship; founded in 1875, it was paid for by Augusta, Duchess of Norfolk, a member of the most important Dukedom in England. After its closure, a new St Peter's Church was built nearby. The old building, which still stands and is in residential use, has been listed by English Heritage at Grade II for its architectural and historical importance.

The district of Adur, one of seven local government districts in the English county of West Sussex, has 119 buildings with listed status. The urbanised southern part of the district forms part of the Brighton/Worthing/Littlehampton conurbation, and most listed structures are in the three main centres of population: Southwick, Shoreham-by-Sea and Lancing. The towns have grown residentially and industrially in the 20th century, but all three have ancient origins as villages and manors on the banks of the River Adur and the English Channel coast. The rest of Adur district's territory is remote downland countryside with scattered farms and hamlets; some of their buildings also have listed status.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wilford Toll Bridge</span> Multi use Bridge in Nottingham, England

Wilford Toll Bridge, locally referred to as the 'Halfpenny Bridge', is a tram, pedestrian and cycle bridge in Nottingham, England. It crosses the River Trent between the Meadows and Wilford. It originally opened as a toll bridge for general traffic in 1870, but was closed when declared unsafe in 1974. Following demolition of the central span, a narrower footbridge and cycleway was opened in 1980. The bridge was once again widened to accommodate an extension of the Nottingham Express Transit network in 2015.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Red Lion Inn, Shoreham-by-Sea</span> Historic site in Old Shoreham, Shoreham-by-Sea

The Red Lion Inn is a 16th-century public house in the ancient Old Shoreham part of the town of Shoreham-by-Sea, in the Adur district of West Sussex, England. Established in the 16th century in part of a former monastery and cottage in the centre of Old Shoreham, opposite the village's former tollbridge, it was extended in the 19th century and became central to life in the old village. Alfred, Lord Tennyson's poem Rizpah is based on events at the inn in the 19th century which resulted in the capture and execution of some robbers. English Heritage has listed the building at Grade II for its architectural and historical importance.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">St Botolph's Church, Botolphs</span> Church in West Sussex, United Kingdom

The Grade I listed Saxon church of St Botolph's at Botolphs, West Sussex, England, is situated in the valley of the River Adur and is now part of the Church of England parish of Beeding and Bramber with Botolphs. An earlier dedication to St Peter de Vetere Ponte is now lost, like the bridge over the Adur from which it took this ancient name. The church serves the mostly depopulated hamlet of Botolphs in the Horsham district of West Sussex. The church has fragments of medieval wall paintings. Architectural historian Ian Nairn comments that the Jacobean pulpit is "notable in a county which is poor in 17th century fittings".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Southlands Hospital</span> Hospital in West Sussex, England

Southlands Hospital is a medical facility based in Shoreham-by-Sea, West Sussex, England, which serves people living in Shoreham itself as well as Worthing and other towns and villages along the south coast and in the inland areas of West Sussex. It is managed by the University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Keighley and Kendal Turnpike</span>

The Keighley and Kendal Turnpike was a road built in 1753 by a turnpike trust between Keighley in the West Riding of Yorkshire and Kendal in Westmorland, England. The primary instigators were in Settle. The road followed a modified ancient route through Craven. It necessitated bridge widening, reorientation in some of the towns it passed and the relocation of inns and stables. The road was of great benefit to commerce in the northwest but proved a financial loss as the cost of repairing wear caused by heavy traffic was underestimated. The trust's records were lost when it closed.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shoreham Town Hall</span> Municipal building in Shoreham, West Sussex, England

Shoreham Town Hall is a municipal building in the High Street, Shoreham-by-Sea, West Sussex, England. The town hall, which was the headquarters of Shoreham-by-Sea Urban District Council, is a Grade II listed building.

References

  1. "Heritage Gateway Listed Buildings Online: Old Shoreham Bridge, Old Shoreham Road, BN15 9BB Lancing, Adur, West Sussex". Heritage Gateway website. Heritage Gateway (English Heritage, Institute of Historic Building Conservation and ALGAO:England). 2006. Retrieved 16 December 2009.
  2. "Listed Buildings". English Heritage. 2010. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 19 August 2011.
  3. "Images of England — Statistics by County (West Sussex)". Images of England . English Heritage. 2007. Archived from the original on 14 October 2012. Retrieved 2 January 2013.