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Xeon is a brand of x86 microprocessors designed, manufactured, and marketed by Intel, targeted at the non-consumer workstation, server, and embedded markets. It was introduced in June 1998. Xeon processors are based on the same architecture as regular desktop-grade CPUs, but have advanced features such as support for error correction code (ECC) memory, higher core counts, more PCI Express lanes, support for larger amounts of RAM, larger cache memory and extra provision for enterprise-grade reliability, availability and serviceability (RAS) features responsible for handling hardware exceptions through the Machine Check Architecture (MCA). They are often capable of safely continuing execution where a normal processor cannot due to these extra RAS features, depending on the type and severity of the machine-check exception (MCE). Some also support multi-socket systems with two, four, or eight sockets through use of the Ultra Path Interconnect (UPI) bus.
The land grid array (LGA) is a type of surface-mount packaging for integrated circuits (ICs) that is notable for having the pins on the socket — as opposed to pins on the integrated circuit, known as a pin grid array (PGA). An LGA can be electrically connected to a printed circuit board (PCB) either by the use of a socket or by soldering directly to the board.
In the fields of digital electronics and computer hardware, multi-channel memory architecture is a technology that increases the data transfer rate between the DRAM memory and the memory controller by adding more channels of communication between them. Theoretically, this multiplies the data rate by exactly the number of channels present. Dual-channel memory employs two channels. The technique goes back as far as the 1960s having been used in IBM System/360 Model 91 and in CDC 6600.
Socket C32 is a zero insertion force land grid array CPU socket designed by AMD for their single-CPU and dual-CPU Opteron 4000 series server CPUs. It is the successor to Socket AM3 for single-CPU servers and the successor for Socket F for lower-end dual-CPU servers. Socket C32 supports two DDR3 SDRAM channels. It is based on the Socket F and uses a similar 1207-pin LGA socket but is not physically or electrically compatible with Socket F due to the use of DDR3 SDRAM instead of the DDR2 SDRAM that Socket F platforms use.
Double Data Rate 5 Synchronous Dynamic Random-Access Memory is a type of synchronous dynamic random-access memory. Compared to its predecessor DDR4 SDRAM, DDR5 was planned to reduce power consumption, while doubling bandwidth. The standard, originally targeted for 2018, was released on July 14, 2020.
Zen is the codename for a family of computer processor microarchitectures from AMD, first launched in February 2017 with the first generation of its Ryzen CPUs. It is used in Ryzen, Ryzen Threadripper, and Epyc (server).
Zen is the codename for the first iteration in a family of computer processor microarchitectures of the same name from AMD. It was first used with their Ryzen series of CPUs in February 2017. The first Zen-based preview system was demonstrated at E3 2016, and first substantially detailed at an event hosted a block away from the Intel Developer Forum 2016. The first Zen-based CPUs, codenamed "Summit Ridge", reached the market in early March 2017, Zen-derived Epyc server processors launched in June 2017 and Zen-based APUs arrived in November 2017.
Zen 2 is a computer processor microarchitecture by AMD. It is the successor of AMD's Zen and Zen+ microarchitectures, and is fabricated on the 7 nm MOSFET node from TSMC. The microarchitecture powers the third generation of Ryzen processors, known as Ryzen 3000 for the mainstream desktop chips, Ryzen 4000U/H and Ryzen 5000U for mobile applications, as Threadripper 3000 for high-end desktop systems, and as Ryzen 4000G for accelerated processing units (APUs). The Ryzen 3000 series CPUs were released on 7 July 2019, while the Zen 2-based Epyc server CPUs were released on 7 August 2019. An additional chip, the Ryzen 9 3950X, was released in November 2019.
Ryzen is a brand of multi-core x86-64 microprocessors designed and marketed by AMD for desktop, mobile, server, and embedded platforms based on the Zen microarchitecture. It consists of central processing units (CPUs) marketed for mainstream, enthusiast, server, and workstation segments and accelerated processing units (APUs) marketed for mainstream and entry-level segments and embedded systems applications.
Epyc is a brand of multi-core x86-64 microprocessors designed and sold by AMD, based on the company's Zen microarchitecture. Introduced in June 2017, they are specifically targeted for the server and embedded system markets.
Socket SP3 is a zero insertion force land grid array CPU socket designed by AMD supporting its Zen-, Zen 2- and Zen 3-based Epyc server processors, launched on June 20, 2017. Because the socket is the same size as socket TR4 and socket sTRX4, users can use CPU coolers not only designed for SP3, but also coolers designed for TR4 and sTRX4.
Socket TR4, also known as Socket SP3r2, is a zero insertion force land grid array (LGA) CPU socket designed by AMD supporting its first- and second-generation Zen-based Ryzen Threadripper desktop processors, launched on August 10, 2017 for the high-end desktop and workstation platforms. It was succeeded by Socket sTRX4 for the third generation of Ryzen Threadripper processors.
Zen 4 is the codename for a CPU microarchitecture designed by AMD, released on September 27, 2022. It is the successor to Zen 3 and uses TSMC's N5 process for CPU dies. Zen 4 powers Ryzen 7000 mainstream desktop processors and is used in high-end mobile processors, thin & light mobile processors, as well as EPYC 9004 server processors.
Zen 3 is the codename for a CPU microarchitecture by AMD, released on November 5, 2020. It is the successor to Zen 2 and uses TSMC's 7 nm process for the chiplets and GlobalFoundries's 14 nm process for the I/O die on the server chips and 12 nm for desktop chips. Zen 3 powers Ryzen 5000 mainstream desktop processors and Epyc server processors. Zen 3 is supported on motherboards with 500 series chipsets; 400 series boards also saw support on select B450 / X470 motherboards with certain BIOSes. Zen 3 is the last microarchitecture before AMD switched to DDR5 memory and new sockets, which are AM5 for the desktop "Ryzen" chips alongside SP5 and SP6 for the EPYC server platform. According to AMD, Zen 3 has a 19% higher instructions per cycle (IPC) on average than Zen 2.
Sierra Forest is a codename for Intel's first generation E-core based Xeon server processors. It is fabricated using Intel's Intel 3 process and compatible with the LGA 7529 socket.
Raptor Lake is Intel's codename for the 13th and 14th generations of Intel Core processors based on a hybrid architecture, utilizing Raptor Cove performance cores and Gracemont efficient cores. Like Alder Lake, Raptor Lake is fabricated using Intel's Intel 7 process. Raptor Lake features up to 24 cores and 32 threads and is socket compatible with Alder Lake systems. Like earlier generations, Raptor Lake processors also need accompanying chipsets.
LGA 4677 is a zero insertion force flip-chip land grid array (LGA) CPU socket designed by Intel, compatible with Sapphire Rapids server and workstation processors, which was released in January 2023.
Socket SP6 is a zero insertion force land grid array CPU socket designed by AMD supporting its Zen 4c-based Epyc Siena server processors that launched on September 18, 2023. It is designed for server systems targeting infrastructure and edge computing segments.
Socket sTR5 is a land grid array (LGA) CPU socket designed by AMD. It supports the Zen 4-based Ryzen Threadripper 7000 series, which launched in November 2023.
References
- ↑ Alcorn, Paul (November 10, 2022). "AMD 4th-Gen EPYC Genoa 9654, 9554, and 9374F Review: 96 Cores, Zen 4 and 5nm". Tom's Hardware. Retrieved November 11, 2022.
- ↑ Mujtaba, Hassan (April 7, 2022). "AMD SP5 Socket Pictured In All Its Glory, LGA 6096 For Future EPYC CPUs With 96 Cores & Above". Wccftech. Retrieved November 11, 2022.
- ↑ "AMD EPYC 9004 "Genoa-X" and "Bergamo" CPUs SKU lists leaks out, EPYC 9754 features 128 Zen4c cores". VideoCardz. September 1, 2022. Retrieved November 11, 2022.
- ↑ Ranous, Jordan (November 10, 2022). "4th Gen AMD EPYC Review (AMD Genoa)". StorageReview. Retrieved November 11, 2022.
- ↑ Garreffa, Anthony (December 11, 2021). "AMD EPYC 'Genoa' supports up to 12TB (yes, 12 terabytes) of DDR5 RAM". TweakTown. Retrieved November 11, 2022.