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Original author(s) | Rod Johnson |
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Developer(s) | VMware |
Initial release | April 2014 [1] |
Stable release | |
Repository | |
Written in | Java |
Platform | Java EE |
Type | Application framework |
License | Apache License 2.0 |
Website | spring |
Spring Boot is an open-source Java framework used for programming standalone, production-grade Spring-based applications with minimal effort. [3] Spring Boot is a convention-over-configuration extension for the Spring Java platform intended to help minimize configuration concerns while creating Spring-based applications. [4] [5] Most of the application can be preconfigured using Spring team's "opinionated view" [6] [7] of the best configuration and use of the Spring platform and third-party libraries.
It is widely used for building microservices, web applications, and other Java-based projects due to its ease of use and robustness.
Spring Boot does not require manual configuration of the DispatcherServlet
, since it automatically configures the application based on the configuration it detects. [16]
Spring Boot has a class SpringBootServletInitializer
, which is a specialization of the WebApplicationInitializer
. [16] This SpringBootServletInitializer
is an out-of-the-box implementation of WebApplicationInitializer
, which eliminates the need for the developer to construct their own implementation of the WebApplicationInitializer
class. [16]
The configuration properties for the Spring Boot application can be specified in the application.properties
or application.yml
file. [16] Examples of properties that can be included in this file include the server.port
and spring.application.name
properties. [16]
Spring boot has an annotation, @SpringBootApplication
, which allows the Spring Boot application to autoconfigure third-party libraries and detected features found on the classpath. [16] As an example, the class that has the @SpringBootApplication
annotation can extend the SpringBootServerInitializer
class if the application is packaged and deployed as a WAR file. [16]
The @SpringBootApplication
annotation combines three Spring-specific annotations: @SpringBootConfiguration
, @EnableAutoConfiguration
and @ComponentScan
. [17]
The @SpringBootConfiguration
annotation is a specialization of the Spring-specific @Configuration
annotation. [17] The class with the @SpringBootConfiguration
is marked as the configuration class for the Spring Boot application. [17]
The @EnableAutoConfiguration
annotation is Spring-specific annotation that enables the Spring Boot automatic configuration. [17]
The Spring Boot Actuator allows for monitoring and management capabilities for the Spring Boot Application. [18] A major advantage of using the Spring Boot Actuator is that it implements a number of production-ready features without requiring the developer to construct their own implementations. [18]
If Maven is used as the build tool, then the spring-boot-starter-actuator
dependency can be specified in the pom.xml
configuration file. [19]
Spring Boot has a number of existing Spring Framework Modules.
Spring Boot has integration with the Spring Security Module. The simplest way for integrating Spring Boot with Spring Security is to declare the starter dependency in the build configuration file. [20]
If Maven is used as the build tool, then the dependency with artifact ID spring-boot-starter-security
dependency can be specified in the pom.xml
configuration file. [20]
By default, Spring boot provides embedded web servers (such as TomCat) out-of-the-box. [21] However, Spring Boot can also be deployed as a WAR file on a standalone WildFly application server. [22]
If Maven is used as the build tool, there is a wildfly-maven-plugin
Maven plugin that allows for automatic deployment of the generated WAR file. [22]
JUnit is a test automation framework for the Java programming language. JUnit is often used for unit testing, and is one of the xUnit frameworks.
Jakarta EE, formerly Java Platform, Enterprise Edition and Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition (J2EE), is a set of specifications, extending Java SE with specifications for enterprise features such as distributed computing and web services. Jakarta EE applications are run on reference runtimes, which can be microservices or application servers, which handle transactions, security, scalability, concurrency and management of the components they are deploying.
A Jakarta Servlet, formerly Java Servlet is a Java software component that extends the capabilities of a server. Although servlets can respond to many types of requests, they most commonly implement web containers for hosting web applications on web servers and thus qualify as a server-side servlet web API. Such web servlets are the Java counterpart to other dynamic web content technologies such as PHP and ASP.NET.
The Jakarta Project created and maintained open source software for the Java platform. It operated as an umbrella project under the auspices of the Apache Software Foundation, and all Jakarta products are released under the Apache License. As of December 21, 2011 the Jakarta project was retired because no subprojects were remaining.
A web container is the component of a web server that interacts with Jakarta Servlets. A web container is responsible for managing the lifecycle of servlets, mapping a URL to a particular servlet and ensuring that the URL requester has the correct access-rights. A web container handles requests to servlets, Jakarta Server Pages (JSP) files, and other types of files that include server-side code. The Web container creates servlet instances, loads and unloads servlets, creates and manages request and response objects, and performs other servlet-management tasks. A web container implements the web component contract of the Jakarta EE architecture. This architecture specifies a runtime environment for additional web components, including security, concurrency, lifecycle management, transaction, deployment, and other services.
Apache Struts 1 is an open-source web application framework for developing Java EE web applications. It uses and extends the Java Servlet API to encourage developers to adopt a model–view–controller (MVC) architecture. It was originally created by Craig McClanahan and donated to the Apache Foundation in May 2000. Formerly located under the Apache Jakarta Project and known as Jakarta Struts, it became a top-level Apache project in 2005.
Hibernate ORM is an object–relational mapping tool for the Java programming language. It provides a framework for mapping an object-oriented domain model to a relational database. Hibernate handles object–relational impedance mismatch problems by replacing direct, persistent database accesses with high-level object handling functions.
Maven is a build automation tool used primarily for Java projects. Maven can also be used to build and manage projects written in C#, Ruby, Scala, and other languages. The Maven project is hosted by The Apache Software Foundation, where it was formerly part of the Jakarta Project.
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The Spring Framework is an application framework and inversion of control container for the Java platform. The framework's core features can be used by any Java application, but there are extensions for building web applications on top of the Java EE platform. The framework does not impose any specific programming model.. The framework has become popular in the Java community as an addition to the Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) model. The Spring Framework is free and open source software.
Grails is an open source web application framework that uses the Apache Groovy programming language. It is intended to be a high-productivity framework by following the "coding by convention" paradigm, providing a stand-alone development environment and hiding much of the configuration detail from the developer.
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Apache CXF is an open source software project developing a Web services framework. It originated as the combination of Celtix developed by IONA Technologies and XFire developed by a team hosted at the now defunct host CodeHaus in 2006. These two projects were combined at the Apache Software Foundation. The name "CXF" was derived by combining "Celtix" and "XFire".
Apache Click is a page and component oriented web application framework for the Java language and is built on top of the Java Servlet API.
Java view technologies and frameworks are web-based software libraries that provide the user interface, or "view-layer", of Java web applications. Such application frameworks are used for defining web pages and handling the HTTP requests (clicks) generated by those web pages. As a sub-category of web frameworks, view-layer frameworks often overlap to varying degrees with web frameworks that provide other functionality for Java web applications.
Spring Roo is an open-source software tool that uses convention-over-configuration principles to provide rapid application development of Java-based enterprise software. The resulting applications use common Java technologies such as Spring Framework, Java Persistence API, Thymeleaf, Apache Maven and AspectJ. Spring Roo is a member of the Spring portfolio of projects.
Virgo is an open source, OSGi-based, Java application server. Virgo supports the deployment of OSGi bundles and unmodified Java web applications as well as OSGi-influenced Shared Libraries WARs and Shared Services WARs.
Apache Struts 2 is an open-source web application framework for developing Java EE web applications. It uses and extends the Java Servlet API to encourage developers to adopt a model–view–controller (MVC) architecture. The WebWork framework spun off from Apache Struts 1 aiming to offer enhancements and refinements while retaining the same general architecture of the original Struts framework. In December 2005, it was announced that WebWork 2.2 was adopted as Apache Struts 2, which reached its first full release in February 2007.
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