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 Somaliaportal |
Somalia is a federal republic consisting of six federal states, Puntland, Jubaland, Galmudug, Khaatumo, South West and Hirshaabelle and one interim administration. Somalia is further subdivided into 18 administrative regions (gobollo, singular gobol), [1] which are in turn subdivided into districts. One region, Banaadir, is not part of any state.
Puntland is a federal state in the northeast of Somalia. Galmudug is a federal state in central Somalia. Jubaland is a federal state in the south of Somalia. [1] In November 2014, the South West State of Somalia was established. [2] Hirshabelle State was formed in October 2016. [3] Khaatumo state a north central region was formed in 2012 but established in february 2023, and Somaliland a north east region formed in 1991 as uncontrolled region
The Federal Parliament is tasked with selecting the ultimate number and boundaries of autonomous regional states within the Federal Republic of Somalia. [4] [5] To this end, the legislature in December 2014 passed a law establishing the Boundary and Federalization Commission. [6] The body is mandated with determining the boundaries of the country's constituent states, as well as arbitrating between these states. [7]
As of 19th October 2023, Somalia is officially divided into 7 federal member states, including Khaatumo state and Somaliland state [8] [3]
President of Somalia Mohamed Siad Barre established five of these regions in 1974 and 1975 for baised clan reasons, Middle Juba, Lower Juba, Gedo, Bay, and Bakool; [9] Banaadir shrank to consist of only Mogadishu at the same time. [10]
Below are the regions of Somalia, with their capitals shown in parentheses:
The politics of Somalia takes place in a framework of federal parliamentary republic. According to the Constitution of Somalia, the President of Somalia is head of state, and Prime Minister as head of government who is appointed by the President with the parliament's approval. The country has a bicameral legislature, which consists of the Senate and the National Assembly of Somalia. Together, they make up the Federal Parliament of Somalia. In 2012, the Federal Parliament of Somalia was concurrently inaugurated, ushering in the Federal Government of Somalia, the first permanent central government in the country since the start of the civil war. With a new constitution and a new parliament representing diverse parties and factions, Somalia's political structure subsequently showed signs of stabilization.
The Jubba River or Juba River is a river in southern Somalia which flows through the autonomous region of Jubaland. It begins at the border with Ethiopia, where the Dawa and Ganale Dorya rivers meet, and flows directly south to the Somali Sea, where it empties at the Goobweyn juncture. The Jubba basin covers an area of 749,000 km2 (289,000 sq mi). The Somali regional state of Jubaland, formerly called Trans-Juba, is named after the river.
The South-West State of Somalia, is a Federal Member State in southwestern Somalia. It was founded by Hasan Muhammad Nur Shatigadud, leader of the Somalia RRA on 1 April 2002. It was the third autonomous region to be established.
The Rahanweyn, also known as the Digil and Mirifle are a major Somali clan. It is one of the major Somali clans in the Horn of Africa, with a large territory in the densely populated fertile valleys of the Jubba and Shebelle rivers and the areas inbetween which are mainly inhabited by settlers from the Digil and Mirifle lineages.
Ali Khalif Galaydh was a Somali politician. He was the Prime Minister of the transitional Somalia administration from 8 October 2000 to 28 October 2001. Galaydh had extensive experience in public policy, diplomacy, public administration, and business. He taught these subjects at public universities in the United States. Additionally, Galaydh was the president of the Khaatumo state. In 2017, he signed an agreement with the Somaliland government which stipulated the amendment of Somaliland's constitution, this would’ve promoted peace and stability throughout the regions of Sool, sanaag and cayn.
The 2006 Islamic Courts Union offensive is the period in the Somali Civil War that began in May 2006 with the Islamic Courts Union's (ICU) conquest of Mogadishu from the Alliance for the Restoration of Peace and Counter-Terrorism (ARPCT) and continued with further ICU expansion in the country. Following the outbreak of the war on December 21, 2006; by December 24, direct Ethiopian intervention in the conflict in support of the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) was no longer denied by the Ethiopian government. The Eritrean government denied any involvement despite Ethiopian claims to the contrary.
The following is an index of Somalia-related articles.
Following the civil war and the ensuing societal chaos, some factions managed to exert a degree of authority over certain regions of Somalia where they maintained broad, clan-based support. This allowed these factions to establish working administrations and eventually coherent states, and restored order to their regions. This occurred first in Puntland, Southwestern Somalia, Galmudug, Jubaland and finally Banadir.
Galmudug, officially Galmudug State of Somalia, is a Federal Member State in central Somalia, with its capital at Dhusamareb. It is bordered to the north by the Puntland state of Somalia, to the west by the Somali Region in Ethiopia, to the east by Indian Ocean and to the south by the Hirshabelle state of Somalia.
Over the course of the Somali Civil War, there have been many revolutionary movements and militia groups run by competing rebel leaders which have held de facto control over vast areas within Somalia.
The Puntland–Somaliland dispute is a territorial dispute over the provinces of Sool, Sanaag and the Buuhoodle district of Togdheer region between the self-declared Republic of Somaliland and the Puntland state of Somalia.
Jubaland, the Juba Valley, is a Federal Member State in southern Somalia. Its eastern border lies 40–60 km (25–35 mi) east of the Jubba River, stretching from Dolow to the Indian Ocean, while its western side flanks the North Eastern Province in Kenya, which was carved out of Jubaland during the colonial period.
This is a 2014 timeline of events in the Somali Civil War (2009–present).
The Surre, is a Somali clan, a sub clan of the major Somali Dir clan, The Surre inhabit in central and southern Somalia. And also can be found in Somaliland, Ethiopia and Kenya.
Operation Indian Ocean was a joint military operation between the Somali military, AMISOM and the United States military against the Al-Shabaab militant group aimed at eliminating the remaining insurgent-held areas in southern Somalia. It officially began in August 2014.
This is a 2015 timeline of events in the Somali Civil War (2009–present).
The Ministry of Education of Somalia is the ministry responsible for education in Somalia. The current Minister of Education of Somalia is Dr. Farah Sh. Abdulkadir Mohamed, who hails from Reer Yuusuf
The Senate of Somalia is the Upper Chamber of the bi-cameral legislature of Somalia. The Senate of Somalia is the upper chamber of the Federal Parliament of Somalia, which, along with the lower chamber constitutes the legislature of Somalia. The Senate chamber is located in Mogadishu, the capital City of Somalia.
Events in the year 2024 in Somalia.
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