Stephen V. Faraone | |
---|---|
Born | Babylon, New York, USA | July 27, 1956
Nationality | American |
Alma mater | State University of New York at Stony Brook (B.A.) University of Iowa (Ph.D.) Brown University (Internship & Post Doctoral Programs) |
Known for | Research into the nature, causes and treatment of ADHD |
Awards | CHADD Hall of Fame, Chancellor's Award for Excellence in Scholarship and Creative Activities from the State University of New York, Alumni Fellow status at the University of Iowa. |
Scientific career | |
Fields | Child psychology and psychiatry |
Institutions | Harvard Medical School Massachusetts General Hospital |
Doctoral advisor | Richard Hurtig, Ph.D. |
Stephen Vincent Faraone (born July 27, 1956) [1] is an American psychologist. He has worked mainly on attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and related disorders and is considered one of the most influential psychologists in the world. [2]
Faraone graduated in 1978 from the State University of New York at Stony Brook with a BA in Psychology. He then went to the University of Iowa where he obtained his Master of Arts and Doctor of Philosophy. [3] Faraone completed a postdoctoral clinical psychology internship and a research fellowship at Brown University. [4]
After completing his post-doctoral fellowship at Brown, Faraone came to the Harvard Department of Psychiatry, where he began a career in psychiatric genetics. He first served as an instructor in 1985, and as an assistant professor in 1989. He was promoted to associate professor in 1993 and Full Professor in 2002. In 2004, he moved to SUNY Upstate Medical University where he is now Distinguished Professor of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology. [5] He is also Senior Scientific Advisor to the Research Program Pediatric Psychopharmacology at the Massachusetts General Hospital [6] and a lecturer at Harvard Medical School. Faraone has been principal investigator on several National Institutes of Health -funded grants studying the nature and causes of mental disorders in childhood. He is one of the world's leading authorities on the genetics of psychiatric disorders and has also made substantial contributions to research in psychopharmacology and research methodology. He led the International Consensus Statement on ADHD, [7] and heads The ADHD Evidence Project, which curates evidence-based information about ADHD. [8]
Faraone has authored over 700 journal articles, [9] editorials, chapters, and books, and was the eighth-highest producer of High Impact Papers in Psychiatry from 1990 to 1999 as determined by the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI). [10] In 2005, ISI determined him to be the second-highest cited author in the area of ADHD [11] and in 2007, he was the third most highly cited researcher in psychiatry [12] for the preceding decade. From 2014 to 2021 he has been listed as a highly cited researcher by Thomson Reuters/Clarivate Analytics. In 2019 and 2020, his citation metrics placed him in the top 0.01% of scientists across all fields. [13]
In 2002, Faraone was inducted into the CHADD Hall of Fame in recognition of outstanding achievement in medicine and education research on attention disorders. In 2004 and 2008, Faraone was elected Vice President of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics and in 2019 he received the Paul Hoch Award from the American Psychopathological Association. In 2008, he received the SUNY Upstate President's Award for Excellence and Leadership in Research. [14] In 2019 he was elected President of the World Federation of ADHD [15] In 2022 he was elected to the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters.
Faraone's research has been funded by the U.S. National Institute of Health, the European Union and the following companies: Otsuka, Shire/Takeda, Ironshore, McNeil, Janssen and Supernus. He has received income or potential income from Aardvark, Rhodes, OnDosis, Oysta, Sky Therapeutics, AIMH, Tris, Otsuka, Arbor, Ironshore, KemPharm/Corium, Akili, Supernus, Shire/Takeda, Atentiv, Noven, Axsome, Johnson & Johnson/Kenvue and Genomind. With his institution, he has US patent US20130217707 A1 for the use of sodium-hydrogen exchange inhibitors in the treatment of ADHD. These disclosures are routinely reported in relevant publications [16]
A mental disorder is an impairment of the mind disrupting normal thinking, feeling, mood, behavior, or social interactions, and accompanied by significant distress or dysfunction. The causes of mental disorders are very complex and vary depending on the particular disorder and the individual. Although the causes of most mental disorders are not fully understood, researchers have identified a variety of biological, psychological, and environmental factors that can contribute to the development or progression of mental disorders. Most mental disorders result in a combination of several different factors rather than just a single factor.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by executive dysfunction occasioning symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity and emotional dysregulation that are excessive and pervasive, impairing in multiple contexts, and otherwise age-inappropriate.
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Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is the persistence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults. It is a neurodevelopmental disorder, meaning symptoms must have been present in childhood except for when ADHD occurs after a traumatic brain injury. Specifically, multiple symptoms must be present before the age of 12, according to DSM-5 diagnostic criteria. The cutoff age of 12 is a change from the previous requirement of symptom onset, which was before the age of 7 in the DSM-IV. This was done to add flexibility in the diagnosis of adults. ADHD was previously thought to be a childhood disorder that improved with age, but recent research has disproved this. Approximately two-thirds of childhood cases of ADHD continue into adulthood, with varying degrees of symptom severity that change over time, and continue to affect individuals with symptoms ranging from minor inconveniences to impairments in daily functioning.
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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder management options are evidence-based practices with established treatment efficacy for ADHD.
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Psychiatry is, and has historically been, viewed as controversial by those under its care, as well as sociologists and psychiatrists themselves. There are a variety of reasons cited for this controversy, including the subjectivity of diagnosis, the use of diagnosis and treatment for social and political control including detaining citizens and treating them without consent, the side effects of treatments such as electroconvulsive therapy, antipsychotics and historical procedures like the lobotomy and other forms of psychosurgery or insulin shock therapy, and the history of racism within the profession in the United States.
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