Stephen Foster's sketchbook

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Stephen Foster's Sketchbook
Sketchbook page of Stephen Foster.PNG
page from Stephen Foster's sketchbook
CreatedJune 26, 1851
Location Stephen Foster Collection, Center for American Music, Stephen Foster Memorial, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
Author(s) Stephen Collins Foster
PurposeStephen Foster's working sketchbook containing his handwritten, original musical compositions, lyrics, illustrations and notes

Stephen Foster's sketchbook is the hand-written book authored by early American composer and lyricist Stephen Collins Foster. It spans a nine-year period beginning on June 26, 1851. It was donated to the University of Pittsburgh Library System by the Foster family in the early 1930s. The National History Education Clearinghouse considers it a " useful resource for those researching Foster or the history of 19th-century American music and culture." [1]

Contents

Description

The Stephen Collins Foster sketchbook kept in a safe at the archives The Stephen Collins Foster sketchbook kept in a safe at the archives.jpg
The Stephen Collins Foster sketchbook kept in a safe at the archives

The sketchbook measures 12 by 8 inches (30 by 20 centimetres) and contains 113 leaves of half-bound paper. The papers are of the same material and contained in a cover of thick paper boards, covered in red and blue marbleized paper and brown leather. Eight pages are missing. One page had been cut out by the composer's granddaughter but was restored to its original place in the sketchbook. The entries are consistent, similar and handwritten with pencil. The book is inscribed “Allegheny City June 26, 1851” in Foster's hand on page 1. [2]

Contents

The sketchbook contains handwritten draft texts for sixty-four different songs. Some of these were some of his most popular. Some pages contain musical notations, draft lyrics are for unpublished songs, scribbles, doodles, and exercises. In some places it appears that Foster practiced his signature and initials. [2] [3]

In addition to the digital version, a photostat of the sketchbook was published by the staff of the Foster Hall Collection in 1933. This full transcript of the book was created by Deane L. Root and edited by Kathryn Miller Haines in June 2000. The Transcript field within the database contains the text and is searchable. Foliation (recto and verso) numbers were supplied in 1986 using archival techniques. [2]

The draft and original text for Foster's song "Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair" is contained in the sketchbook. [4] In addition, Foster records his meeting with Charles Dickens while Dickens was visiting in Pittsburgh. [5]

Digitizing the Sketchbook

Dr. Julia Craig-McFeeley of the Digital Image Archive of Medieval Manuscripts in Oxford, England created the digitized version of the sketchbook in March 2005. The digitizing was performed by a PhaseOne PowerPhase FX digital scanning back mounted on a Fuji GX 680 III professional SLR camera body and medium format lens at a resolution of 800dpi. [2]

Stephen Foster's sketchbook was used as a display and exhibition for recent visits from library archivists. [6]

Significance

This is one of only a few pieces autobiographical, besides a few short letters to his family. Morrison Foster destroyed most other written documents having to do with the life of the composer. [7] [8] The Center For American music describes the sketchbook as "The most significant item in this subseries is Foster's manuscript or sketchbook ..." [9]

The Public Broadcasting organization describes the sketchbook: "Stephen spent much of his life in Pittsburgh where he worked consistently at his songwriting, keeping a thick sketchbook to draft ideas for song lyrics and melodies. As a professional songwriter of unparalleled skill and technique not an untutored musical genius he had made it his business to study the various music and poetic styles circulating in the immigrant populations of the new United States. His intention was to write the people's music, using images and a musical vocabulary that would be widely understood by all groups. Foster worked very hard at writing, sometimes taking several months to craft and polish the words, melody, and accompaniment of a song before sending it off to a publisher. His sketchbook shows that he often labored over the smallest details, the right prepositions, even where to include or remove a comma from his lyrics." [10]

Related Research Articles

Sheet music is a handwritten or printed form of musical notation that uses musical symbols to indicate the pitches, rhythms, or chords of a song or instrumental musical piece. Like its analogs – printed books or pamphlets in English, Arabic, or other languages – the medium of sheet music typically is paper. However, access to musical notation since the 1980s has included the presentation of musical notation on computer screens and the development of scorewriter computer programs that can notate a song or piece electronically, and, in some cases, "play back" the notated music using a synthesizer or virtual instruments.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stephen Foster</span> American composer and songwriter (1826–1864)

Stephen Collins Foster, known as "the father of American music", was an American composer known primarily for his parlour and minstrel music during the Romantic period. He wrote more than 200 songs, including "Oh! Susanna", "Hard Times Come Again No More", "Camptown Races", "Old Folks at Home", "My Old Kentucky Home", "Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair", "Old Black Joe", and "Beautiful Dreamer", and many of his compositions remain popular today.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ethelbert Nevin</span> American pianist and composer

Ethelbert Woodbridge Nevin was an American pianist and composer.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Old Folks at Home</span> 19th century minstrel song by Stephen Foster

"Old Folks at Home" is a minstrel song written by Stephen Foster in 1851. Since 1935, it has been the official state song of Florida, although in 2008 the original lyrics were revised. It is Roud Folk Song Index no. 13880.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">My Old Kentucky Home</span> 19th-century sentimental ballad by Stephen Foster

"My Old Kentucky Home, Good-Night!" is a sentimental ballad written by Stephen Foster, probably composed in 1852. It was published in January 1853 by Firth, Pond, & Co. of New York. Foster was likely inspired by Harriet Beecher Stowe's anti-slavery novel Uncle Tom's Cabin, as evidenced by the title of a sketch in Foster’s sketchbook, "Poor Uncle Tom, Good-Night!"

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Oh! Susanna</span> 19th-century American song

"Oh, Susanna" is a minstrel song by Stephen Foster (1826–1864), first published in 1848. It is among the most popular American songs ever written. Members of the Western Writers of America chose it as one of the Top 100 Western songs of all time.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stephen Foster Memorial</span> United States historic place

The Stephen Collins Foster Memorial is a performing arts center and museum which houses the Stephen Foster Archives at the University of Pittsburgh in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. It is dedicated to the life and works of American songwriter Stephen Foster.

Fletcher Hodges Jr. was an American who curated the Foster Hall Collection, a collection of documents and music related to Stephen Foster at the University of Pittsburgh, for fifty-one years.

"Gentle Annie" is a popular American song written by Stephen Foster in 1856. Tradition says that it was written in honor of Annie Jenkins, the daughter of a grocer in Federal Street, Allegheny, Pennsylvania, named Morgan Jenkins. However, Foster's biographer and niece, Evelyn Foster Morneweck, disputes this and states that it is probably written in honor of his cousin, Annie Evans, who died shortly before it was composed. Some sources say it is Foster's farewell to his maternal grandmother, Annie Pratt McGinnis Hart. His paternal grandmother was Ann Barclay.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">D-Scribe Digital Publishing</span>

D-Scribe Digital Publishing is an open access electronic publishing program of the University Library System (ULS) of the University of Pittsburgh. It comprises over 100 thematic collections that together contain over 100,000 digital objects. This content, most of which is available through open access, includes both digitized versions of materials from the collections of the University of Pittsburgh and other local institutions as well as original 'born-electronic' content actively contributed by scholars worldwide. D-Scribe includes such items as photographs, maps, books, journal articles, dissertations, government documents, and technical reports, along with over 745 previously out-of-print titles published by the University of Pittsburgh Press. The digital publishing efforts of the University Library System began in 1998 and have won praise for their innovation from the leadership at the Association of Research Libraries and peer institutions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Morrison Foster</span>

Morrison Foster was the older brother, business agent and biographer for Stephen Foster, a composer and lyricist of early American music. When Stephen Foster died at age 37, Morrison continued to manage Stephen's estate and acted as a mediator between music publishers and Stephen Foster's wife and daughter. Documents demonstrate his correspondence with publishers in his receipt of royalty payments on behalf of Stephen's heirs. Morrison also wrote the first biography of Stephen Foster. Morrison's daughter Evelyn Foster Morneweck, wrote a biography about her uncle, Chronicles of Stephen Foster's Family.

"Willie Has Gone To War" is a song written by Stephen Collins Foster sometime in 1862. It was considered a 'Civil War Song', though it was not as popular as some of his previous work. George Cooper wrote the lyrics. He may have composed up to 285 songs, hymns, arrangements and instrumental works during his lifetime. He also created many of the lyrics.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stephen Foster Collection and archive</span>

The Stephen Foster Collection and archives are the largest collection of primary source materials on the life and work of composer Stephen Foster. The collection consists of documents and other items of historical interest related to the life and work of Stephen Foster. It resides in the Stephen Foster Memorial at the University of Pittsburgh. Josiah K. Lilly donated an almost complete set of first edition music. The memorial houses sketchbooks and other memorabilia. The process of assembling the collection was methodical, well-organized and funded by various non-governmental and governmental sources. The cost of maintaining the collection is partially funded by the University of Pittsburgh.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">William Barclay Foster</span>

William Barclay Foster (1779–1855) was the father of Stephen Foster and a notable businessman in his time. He has been referred to one of the most prosperous merchants of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He was a Pennsylvania state legislator and served three terms. He was also elected mayor of Allegheny City twice in his lifetime. He has been identified as a "patriot", a "lover of home" and an "outstanding servant to his community, state and government".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eliza Clayland Tomlinson Foster</span>

Eliza Clayland Tomlinson Foster was born in Wilmington, Delaware and raised by her deceased mother's family-the Claylands in Baltimore. She is best known for being an early settler of Pittsburgh and the mother of Morrison Foster and composer and lyricist Stephen Foster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jane McDowell Foster Wiley</span> Wife of Stephen Foster

Jane Denny Foster Wiley was the wife of Stephen Foster and the inspiration for his song "Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair". Her archives are located in the University of Pittsburgh.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Darlington Collection</span>

The Darlington Collection is extensive collection of rare documents, maps, and other historical material focusing on early American history, particularly that of Western Pennsylvania. The original material is housed by the Archives Services Center (ASC) of the library of the University of Pittsburgh with digitized material available at the Darlington Digital Library. The collection was inherited by Darlington's daughters Mary O'Hara Darlington and Edith Darlington. The donation of the collection was first given to the University of Pittsburgh in 1918. The rest of the collection was donated in 1925.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Marion Foster Welch</span> Educator and composer

Marion Welch was the only child of composer Stephen Collins Foster and, together with her daughter, Jessie Rose, was the caretaker of the Stephen S. Foster Memorial Home, located at 3600 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, from 1914 until her death in 1935. She taught the piano and occasionally composed music.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Autograph (manuscript)</span> Manuscript or document written in the authors handwriting

An autograph or holograph is a manuscript or document written in its author's or composer's hand. The meaning of autograph as a document penned entirely by the author of its content, as opposed to a typeset document or one written by a copyist or scribe other than the author, overlaps with that of holograph.

Fidelis Zitterbart Jr. was an American composer.

References

  1. "Stephen Foster's Sketchbook". National History Education Clearinghouse. Retrieved 2016-12-26.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "Stephen Foster's Sketchbook". Foster Hall Collection, Center for American Music, University of Pittsburgh Library System, University of Pittsburgh. Retrieved 14 August 2016.
  3. Blake, Sharon (2005). "Stephen Foster's Personal Sketchbook Now Online, Pages show original lyrics and doodles of America's first professional songwriter". University of Pittsburgh News Service. Retrieved 14 August 2016.
  4. Foster, Stephen (2016). Stephen Foster collection : 10 early American songs for solo voice and piano — medium high edition. Van Nuys, CA: Alfred Publishing Company. p. 41. ISBN   9781470635886.
  5. Powel, John (2001). Biographical dictionary of literary influences: the nineteenth century, 1800-1914. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. p. 158. ISBN   031330422X.
  6. Sostek, Anya (22 May 2014). "Manuscript Society gets a new look at some very old writings in Pittsburgh". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Retrieved 2016-08-14.
  7. Howard, John Tasker (1944). "The Literature on Stephen Foster". Notes. 1 (2): 10–15. doi:10.2307/891301. ISSN   0027-4380. JSTOR   891301.
  8. Worley, Elizabeth Dean (2016). "A Certain Kind of Southern: Authenticity at Public History Sites in Florida and Georgia". Florida State University Libraries.{{cite web}}: Missing or empty |url= (help)
  9. "Foster Hall Collection, Collection Number: CAM.FHC.2011.01". University of Pittsburgh. Center for American Music, Guides to Archives and Manuscript Collections at the University of Pittsburgh Library System.{{cite web}}: Missing or empty |url= (help)
  10. "American Experience, Stephen Foster". Public Broadcasting Service (PBS). Retrieved 2016-12-26.