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Gynaecology or gynecology is the area of medicine that involves the treatment of women's diseases, especially those of the reproductive organs. It is often paired with the field of obstetrics, forming the combined area of obstetrics and gynaecology (OB-GYN).
Osteopathic medicine is a branch of the medical profession in the United States that promotes the practice of science-based medicine, often referred to in this context as allopathic medicine, with a set of philosophy and principles set by its earlier form, osteopathy. Osteopathic physicians (DOs) are graduates of American osteopathic medical colleges and are licensed to practice the full scope of medicine and surgery in all 50 US states. The field is distinct from osteopathic practices offered in nations outside of the U.S., whose practitioners are generally not considered part of core medical staff nor of medicine itself, but rather are alternative medicine practitioners. The other major branch of medicine in the United States is referred to by practitioners of osteopathic medicine as allopathic medicine.
Medical ethics is an applied branch of ethics which analyzes the practice of clinical medicine and related scientific research. Medical ethics is based on a set of values that professionals can refer to in the case of any confusion or conflict. These values include the respect for autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence, and justice. Such tenets may allow doctors, care providers, and families to create a treatment plan and work towards the same common goal. It is important to note that these four values are not ranked in order of importance or relevance and that they all encompass values pertaining to medical ethics. However, a conflict may arise leading to the need for hierarchy in an ethical system, such that some moral elements overrule others with the purpose of applying the best moral judgement to a difficult medical situation. Medical ethics is particularly relevant in decisions regarding involuntary treatment and involuntary commitment.
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The Canadian Medical Protective Association (CMPA) is a membership-based, not-for-profit organization that provides legal defence, liability protection, and risk-management education for physicians in Canada. The CMPA also provides compensation to patients and their families proven to have been harmed by negligent medical care. In 2016, the CMPA's membership list totaled 95,691 physicians.
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The American Hospital Association (AHA) is a health care industry trade group. It includes nearly 5,000 hospitals and health care providers.
Swedish Doctors for Human Rights (SWEDHR) is a Sweden-based non-governmental organization (NGO) that previously researched and published opinion pieces on international affairs, and campaigned in support of doctors and anti-war activists persecuted or imprisoned on issues of civil liberties and freedom of expression. SWEDHR claimed to shed light on "health issues of war crimes & Human Rights abuses worldwide",[1] and it acknowledged to be an “alternative NGO” with regard to mainstream organizations. Ensuing, the views presented in its publications tended to differ from, or contradicted, those of Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International Sweden and other organizations. Up to mainly 2019, SWEDHR's primary focus has been the Julian Assange international case. During 2020 and onwards, the focus of the organization has been solely on issues around the Covid-19 pandemic.
Major General Inger Ann-Marie Göransson was the first female general in the Swedish Armed Forces. She served as the Surgeon-General of the Swedish Armed Forces from 1997 to 2004.
References
- ↑ "Home". slf.se.
- ↑ Sveriges läkarforbund. Retrieved 9 February 2020
- ↑ Facket.net. “Sveriges läkarföbund”, Retrieved 9 Februari 2020
- ↑ Nordic Labour Journal. “OECD: Stor ökning av utlandsfödda läkare och sjuksköterskor“. 28 September 2015.
- ↑ A membership requirement is to be enumerated in the Swedish Population registration in Sweden (Swedish: folkbokföring) at the Swedish Tax Agency
- ↑ Facket.net. “Sveriges läkarföbund”. Id.
- ↑ Läkartidningen. “Färre läkarstudenter utomlands – men fler i Sverige “. 8 February 2018.
- ↑ .Sveriges läkarföbund. “Hitta förening”. Retrieved 9 Februari 2020
- ↑ Sveriges läkarforbund. Id.
