Systellommatophora

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Systellommatophora
Laevecaulis-2.jpg
Land slug Laevicaulis alte (Veronicelloidea)
Onchidella.jpg
Sea slug Onchidella sp. (Onchidioidea)
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Heterobranchia
Superorder: Eupulmonata
Order: Systellommatophora
Families

See text

Synonyms

Gymnomorpha

The Systellommatophora (synonym Gymnomorpha) is a clade of primitive, air-breathing slugs, according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). [1]

Contents

They are marine and terrestrial pulmonate gastropods within the Heterobranchia. There are two superfamilies in this clade. Slugs in the superfamily Onchidioidea are primarily marine (except for five land-dwelling or freshwater species), [2] whereas slugs in the superfamily Veronicelloidea are primarily terrestrial.

Anatomy

No species in this clade have shells as adults. [2] [3] These slugs are distinguished by the location of the anus at the rear of the body. [4]

Although neither superfamily bears shells as adults, [3] the Onchidioidea do possess a vestigial, non-mineralized shell sac [5] and possess a larval shell. [6] It is not known whether or not the veronicellids bear a larval shell. [7]

Taxonomy

According to the previous taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Ponder & Lindberg, 1997) Systellommatophora was considered to be a suborder or an order. [8]

The following two superfamilies and families have been recognized in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005):

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Neogastropoda</span> Clade of sea snails

Neogastropoda is an order of sea snails, both freshwater and marine gastropod molluscs.

Orthogastropoda was a major taxonomic grouping of snails and slugs, an extremely large subclass within the huge class Gastropoda according to the older taxonomy of the Gastropoda.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pulmonata</span> Informal group of gastropods

Pulmonata or pulmonates, is an informal group of snails and slugs characterized by the ability to breathe air, by virtue of having a pallial lung instead of a gill, or gills. The group includes many land and freshwater families, and several marine families.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stylommatophora</span> Order of gastropods

Stylommatophora is an order of air-breathing land snails and slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs. This taxon includes most land snails and slugs. Stylommatophorans lack an operculum, but some close their shell apertures with temporary "operculum" (epiphragm) made of calcified mucus. They have two pairs of retractile tentacles, the upper pair of which bears eyes on the tentacle tips. All stylommatophorans are hermaphrodites.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Basommatophora</span> Informal group of gastropods

Basommatophora was a term that was previously used as a taxonomic informal group, a group of snails within the informal group Pulmonata, the air-breathing slugs and snails. According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda, whenever monophyly has not been tested, or where a traditional taxon of gastropods has now been discovered to be paraphyletic or polyphyletic, the term "group" or "informal group" was used.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Onchidiidae</span> Family of gastropods

Onchidiidae are a family of small, air-breathing sea slugs. They are shell-less marine pulmonate gastropod molluscs. Onchidiidae is the only family within the superfamily Onchidioidea.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Veronicellidae</span> Family of pulmonate land slugs

The Veronicellidae, also known by their common name the leatherleaf slugs, are a family of pulmonate terrestrial slugs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Slug</span> Shell-less terrestrial gastropod mollusc

Slug, or land slug, is a common name for any apparently shell-less terrestrial gastropod mollusc. The word slug is also often used as part of the common name of any gastropod mollusc that has no shell, a very reduced shell, or only a small internal shell, particularly sea slugs and semi-slugs.

The taxonomy of the Gastropoda, as revised by Winston Ponder and David R. Lindberg in 1997, is an older taxonomy of the class Gastropoda, the class of molluscs consisting of all snails and slugs. The full name of the work in which this taxonomy was published is Towards a phylogeny of gastropod molluscs: an analysis using morphological characters.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vetigastropoda</span> Clade of sea snails

Vetigastropoda is a major taxonomic group of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks that form a very ancient lineage. Taxonomically the Vetigastropoda are sometimes treated as an order, although they are treated as an unranked clade in Bouchet and Rocroi, 2005.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Euthyneura</span> Clade of molluscs

Euthyneura is a taxonomic infraclass of snails and slugs, which includes species exclusively from marine, aquatic and terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the clade Heterobranchia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sigmurethra</span> Informal group of gastropods

Sigmurethra is a taxonomic category of air-breathing land snails and slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs. This is an informal group which includes most land snails and slugs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hygrophila (gastropod)</span> Clade of molluscs

Hygrophila is a taxonomic superorder of air-breathing freshwater snails, aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusks within the clade Panpulmonata.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Plectopyloidea</span> Superfamily of gastropods

Plectopyloidea is a taxonomic superfamily of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the suborder Helicina.

Onchidium hardwickii is a species of air-breathing sea slug, a shell-less marine pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Onchidiidae. First discovered in 1992, this gastropod lives in most oceans.

<i>Scaphis atra</i> Species of gastropod

Scaphis atra is a species of air-breathing sea slug, a shell-less marine pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Onchidiidae.

Vaginulus sloanii is a species of air-breathing sea slug, a shell-less marine pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Veronicellidae.

Scaphis straelenii is a species of air-breathing sea slug, a shell-less marine pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Onchidiidae.

Peronia verruculata is a species of air-breathing sea slug, a shell-less marine pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Onchidiidae.

Onchidella indolens is a species of air-breathing sea slug, a shell-less marine pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Onchidiidae.

References

  1. MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Stylommatophora. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=447 on 2020-05-02
  2. 1 2 Dayrat B. (2009). "Review of the current knowledge of the systematics of Onchidiidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Pulmonata) with a checklist of nominal species" (preview). Zootaxa . 2068: 1–26. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2068.1.1.
  3. 1 2 Schilthuizen M.; Thome J. W. (2008). "Valiguna flava (Heynemann, 1885) from Indonesia and Malaysia: Redescription and Comparison with Valiguna siamensis (Martens, 1867) (Gastropoda: Soleolifera: Veronicellidae)". Veliger. 50 (3): 163–170.
  4. Barnes, Robert D. (1982). Invertebrate Zoology. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. p. 377. ISBN   0-03-056747-5.
  5. TILLIER, S (1983). "A new mountain Platevindex from Philippine Islands (Pulmonata: Onchidiidae)". Journal of Molluscan Studies. Malacological Soc London. 49 (supp12A): 198.
  6. Morton, Brian (1992). The Marine Flora and Fauna of Hong Kong and Southern China III___ Fouling and pollution, morphology, behaviour and physiology, Hoi Ha Wan. Hong Kong University Press. ISBN   978-962-209-295-2.
  7. Dayrat, B.; Tillier, S. (2002). "Evolutionary relationships of euthyneuran gastropods (Mollusca): a cladistic re-evaluation of morphological characters". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 135 (4): 403. doi: 10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00018.x .
  8. "Systellommatophora". Integrated Taxonomic Information System.