The Cambridge History of Turkey is a four-volume series on the history of the Ottoman Empire and Republic of Turkey. [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8]
The fourth volume was criticized for almost omitting the Armenian genocide, which it did not classify as a genocide, and never mentioning the Assyrian genocide or Greek genocide. [9]
Kuchean was a Western member of Tocharian branch of Indo-European languages, extinct from ninth century. Once spoken in the Tarim Basin in Central Asia. Tocharian B shows an internal chronological development; three linguistic stages have been detected. The oldest stage is attested only in Kucha. There are also the middle ('classicalʼ), and the late stage.
Khitan or Kitan, also known as Liao, is a now-extinct language once spoken in Northeast Asia by the Khitan people. It was the official language of the Liao Empire (907–1125) and the Qara Khitai (1124–1218).
Yujiulü Shelun or Qiudoufa Khagan (丘豆伐可汗) was khagan of the Rouran from 402 to 410.
Yujiulü Tuhezhen was the ruler of the Rouran from September 444 to 464 with the title of Chu Khagan (處可汗). He was the son of Yujiulü Wuti.
Yujiulü Yucheng (?–485) was ruler of the Rouran (464–485) with the title of Shouluobuzhen Khagan (受羅部真可汗). He was the first Rouran ruler to adopt Chinese style era name, which was Yongkang. He was the elder son of Yujiulü Tuhezhen.
Yujiulü Doulan (?–492) was khagan of the Rouran (485–492) with the title of Fugudun Khagan (伏古敦可汗). He was the son of Yujiulü Yucheng.
Yujiulü Nagai (?–506) was ruler of the Rouran (492–506) with the title of Houqifudaikezhe Khagan (侯其伏代庫者可汗). He was the second son of Yujiulü Tuhezhen. According to Pengling Wang, his name might be cognate with Middle Mongol Nogai, meaning "dog".
Yujiulü Futu was khagan of the Rouran (506–508) with the title of Tuohan Khagan (佗汗可汗) or Tahan Khagan (他汗可汗). He was the first son of Yujiulü Nagai.
Yujiulü Tiefa was the successor to Yujiulü Anagui in the eastern part of Rouran. He was proclaimed khagan by remnants of Rouran in 552. But he ruled only briefly until his death at the hands of Khitans in February 553. He was succeeded by his father Yujiulü Dengzhu, who at first fled to Northern Qi following demise of Yujiulü Anagui. This was only case in Rouran history that a father succeeded his son on the throne.
Azebs, azabs, or azaps, also known as Asappes or Asappi, were irregular soldiers, originally made up of unmarried youths. They were conscripted among reayas and served in various roles in the early Ottoman army. The word azeb either often indicates a light infantry soldier which was called yaya azeb or a marine soldier which was called bahriye (navy) and deniz (sea) azeb. The term was used in the sense of "pirate" or "buccaneer" in Byzantine, Latin, and Italian sources from the 14th to 16th centuries.
András Róna-Tas is a Hungarian historian and linguist. He was born in 1931 in Budapest. Róna-Tas studied under such preeminent professors as Gyula Ortutay and Lajos Ligeti, and received a degree in folklore and eastern linguistics
Mongolia and Turkey have respective embassies in each other's capitals.
The Ottoman decline thesis or Ottoman decline paradigm is an obsolete historical narrative which once played a dominant role in the study of the history of the Ottoman Empire. According to the decline thesis, following a golden age associated with the reign of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent, the empire gradually entered into a period of all-encompassing stagnation and decline from which it was never able to recover, lasting until the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire in 1923. This thesis was used throughout most of the twentieth century as the basis of both Western and Republican Turkish understanding of Ottoman history. However, by 1978, historians had begun to reexamine the fundamental assumptions of the decline thesis.
The Beilu Yiyu also known as Yiyu is a Ming-era Mongol-Chinese dictionary.
Yujiulü Poluomen was a khagan of Rouran with the title Mioukesheju Khagan (彌偶可社句可汗). He was a grandson of Yujiulü Nagai and a cousin of Yujiulü Anagui.
Mikhail Grigoryevich Shevelev was a Russian businessman, tea-trader, founder of Russia's first shipping company and a Sinologist who lived and worked in the Vladivostok region.
Katulph was a Hephthalite aristocrat, who served as the advisor of the Sasanian king (shah) Khosrow I.
Al Hasnaa is an Arabic language women's magazine based in Beirut, Lebanon. The magazine has been in circulation since 1909.
Kioumars Ghereghlou is the current curator for Middle East Collections at Stanford University, since September 2021. He is a historian, librarian and instructor by education. He priorly functioned as Bibliographic Assistant at Columbia University Libraries. From 2011 to 2017 he worked as Associate Research Scholar at the Center for Iranian Studies at Columbia University.
Zsuzsa Kakuk is a Hungarian linguist and Turkologist.