The Cocktail Party

Last updated

The Cocktail Party
Cover of The Cocktail Party by T S Eliot.jpg
First edition (Faber & Faber)
Written by T. S. Eliot
CharactersEdward Chamberlayne
Lavinia Chamberlayne
Celia Coplestone
Sir Henry Harcourt-Reilly
Miss Barraway
Peter Quilpe
Julia Shuttlethwaite
Alexander MacColgie Gibbs
Date premieredEdinburgh: 22 August 1949
Broadway: 21 January 1950
Place premiered Edinburgh Festival
Edinburgh, Scotland
Broadway:
Henry Miller's Theatre
New York City, New York
Original language English
SettingLondon, England

The Cocktail Party is a verse drama in three acts by T. S. Eliot written in 1948 and performed in 1949 at the Edinburgh Festival. It was published in 1950. [1] The play was the most popular of Eliot's seven plays in his lifetime, although his 1935 play, Murder in the Cathedral , is better remembered today. It focuses on a troubled married couple who, through the intervention of a mysterious stranger, settle their problems and move on with their lives. [2]

Contents

The Cocktail Party was written while Eliot was a visiting scholar at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey. [3] In 1950 the play had successful runs in London and New York theaters (the Broadway production received the 1950 Tony Award for Best Play).

The play starts out seeming to be a light satire of the traditional British drawing room comedy. As it progresses, however, the work becomes a darker philosophical/psychological treatment of human relations. As in many of Eliot's works, the play uses absurdist elements to expose the isolation of the human condition. In another recurring theme of Eliot's plays, the Christian martyrdom of the mistress character is seen as a sacrifice that permits the predominantly secular life of the community to continue. As a morality play, the play is based on Euripides' play Alcestis . [4]

In 1951, in the first Theodore Spencer Memorial Lecture at Harvard University Eliot criticised his own plays in the second half of the lecture, explicitly the plays Murder in the Cathedral , The Family Reunion , and The Cocktail Party. The lecture was published as "Poetry and Drama" and later included in Eliot's 1957 collection On Poetry and Poets.

Synopsis

Edward Chamberlayne's wife Lavinia has left him, after five years of marriage, just as they are about to host a cocktail party at their London home. To keep up appearances, he pretends that she has gone to see her aunt. Later, he confesses to a mysterious Unidentified Guest that Lavinia has in fact left him. The Unidentified Guest offers to bring Lavinia back, and does so.

The Unidentified Guest turns out to be the 'psychiatrist' Sir Henry Harcourt-Reilly. Edward and Lavinia both consult with Reilly at his office. He tells them that they have been deceiving themselves and must face life's realities: their life together, though hollow and superficial, is preferable to life apart. This message is difficult for the play's third main character, Celia, to accept. She, at the psychiatrist's urging, sets out upon the path to sainthood, embracing a life of greater honesty and salvation that leads her to become a Christian mystic fated to endure martyrdom on the fictional Eastern island of Kinkanja. Following Celia's consultation with the 'psychiatrist', it is revealed that the characters Reilly, Julia, and Alex are not, in fact, humans but angelic beings dedicated to the 'transhumanising' of the human soul: two paths lie open to humans: the first being the way of companionable self-deception ('the hearth') embraced by the vast majority – as epitomised in the relationship between Edward and Lavinia, and the second that of the saint, embraced by a gifted — or burdened — few.

Two years later, Edward and Lavinia, now better adjusted, host another cocktail party, at which they are told by Alex of Celia's martyrdom, for which they confess feeling a measure of guilt at what they consider the tragic waste of her life, but which Reilly considers a triumph. It is further hinted that Peter Quilpe is another of the rare individuals destined, like Celia, to follow the arduous but fulfilling path to sainthood/enlightenment.

Characters

Productions

After its debut at the Edinburgh Festival in 1949 with Alec Guinness in the role of the unidentified guest, produced by Henry Sherek and directed by E. Martin Browne, [5] The Cocktail Party premiered on Broadway on 21 January 1950 at the Henry Miller's Theatre and ran for 409 performances. Produced by Gilbert Miller [6] [7] [ dubious ] and directed by E. Martin Browne, the production starred Guinness as the mysterious stranger. It received the 1950 Tony Award for Best Play. [7] The play also ran in London with Rex Harrison as the unidentified guest.[ citation needed ]

A revival opened on 7 October 1968 at the Lyceum Theatre and ran for 44 performances. The Chamberlaynes were played by Brian Bedford and Frances Sternhagen, with Sydney Walker as the mysterious stranger.[ citation needed ]

Guinness returned to the role of the unidentified guest at the Chichester Festival Theatre under his own direction in 1968, taking the production to London later in the year. In the spring of 2010, the New York-based Off-Broadway company The Actors Company Theatre (TACT) presented the play.[ citation needed ]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">T. S. Eliot</span> US-born British poet (1888–1965)

Thomas Stearns Eliot was a poet, essayist, publisher, playwright, literary critic and editor. He is considered to be one of the 20th century's greatest poets, as well as a central figure in English-language Modernist poetry. His trials in language, writing style, and verse structure reinvigorated English poetry. He is also noted for his critical essays, which often reevaluated long-held cultural beliefs.

<i>Murder in the Cathedral</i> Play by T. S. Eliot

Murder in the Cathedral is a verse drama by T. S. Eliot, first performed in 1935. The play portrays the assassination of Archbishop Thomas Becket in Canterbury Cathedral during the reign of Henry II in 1170. Eliot drew heavily on the writing of Edward Grim, a clerk who was an eyewitness to the event.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Herbert Lom</span> Czech-British actor

Herbert Charles Angelo Kuchačevič ze Schluderpacheru, known professionally as Herbert Lom, was a Czech-British actor with a career spanning over 60 years. His cool demeanour and precise, elegant elocution saw him cast as criminals or suave villains in his younger years, and professional men and nobles as he aged. Highly versatile, he also proved a skilled comic actor in The Pink Panther franchise, playing the beleaguered Chief Inspector Charles Dreyfus in seven films.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alec McCowen</span> English actor

Alexander Duncan McCowen, was an English actor. He was known for his work in numerous film and stage productions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">William Henry (actor)</span> American actor (1914–1982)

William Albert Henry was an American actor who worked in both films and television.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Whit Bissell</span> American character actor (1909–1996)

Whitner Nutting Bissell was an American character actor.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gilbert Miller</span> American theatrical producer

Gilbert Heron Miller was an American theatrical producer.

<i>The Lady from Dubuque</i>

The Lady from Dubuque is a play by Edward Albee, which premiered on Broadway in 1980 for a brief run. The play ran in London in 2007.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Michael Culver</span> English actor

Michael Culver is an English actor. He was born in Hampstead, London, the son of actor Roland Culver and casting director Daphne Rye. He was educated at Gresham's School.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Robert Flemyng</span> British actor

Benjamin Arthur Flemyng, known professionally as Robert Flemyng, was a British actor. The son of a doctor, and originally intended for a medical career, Flemyng learned his stagecraft in provincial repertory theatre. In 1935 he appeared in a leading role in the West End, and the following year had his first major success, in Terence Rattigan's comedy French Without Tears. Between then and the Second World War he appeared in London and New York in a succession of comedies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Irene Worth</span> American actress (1916–2002)

Irene Worth, CBE, born Harriett Elizabeth Abrams, was an American stage and screen actress who became one of the leading stars of the British and American theatre. She pronounced her given name with three syllables: "I-REE-nee".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alison Leggatt</span>

Alison Joy Leggatt was an English character actress.

Peter Glenville was an English film and stage actor and director.

The Family Reunion is a play by T. S. Eliot. Written mostly in blank verse, it incorporates elements from Greek drama and mid-twentieth-century detective plays to portray the hero's journey from guilt to redemption. The play was unsuccessful when first presented in 1939, and was later regarded as unsatisfactory by its author, but has been successfully revived since the 1940s. Some critics have thought aspects of the tormented hero reflect Eliot's difficulties with his estrangement from his first wife.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alec Guinness</span> English actor (1914–2000)

Sir Alec Guinness was an English actor. After an early career on the stage, Guinness was featured in several of the Ealing comedies, including Kind Hearts and Coronets (1949), in which he played eight different characters, The Lavender Hill Mob (1951), for which he received his first Academy Award nomination, and The Ladykillers (1955). He collaborated six times with director David Lean: Herbert Pocket in Great Expectations (1946), Fagin in Oliver Twist (1948), Col. Nicholson in The Bridge on the River Kwai (1957), for which he won both the Academy Award for Best Actor and the BAFTA Award for Best Actor, Prince Faisal in Lawrence of Arabia (1962), General Yevgraf Zhivago in Doctor Zhivago (1965), and Professor Godbole in A Passage to India (1984). In 1970, he played Jacob Marley's ghost in Ronald Neame's Scrooge. He also portrayed Obi-Wan Kenobi in George Lucas's original Star Wars trilogy; for the original 1977 film, he was nominated for Best Supporting Actor at the 50th Academy Awards.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">William Tannen</span> American actor

William Tannen was an American actor originally from New York City, who was best known for his role of Deputy Hal Norton in fifty-six episodes from 1956 to 1958 of the ABC/Desilu western television series, The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp. During the 1930s and 1940s, he was a Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer contract player.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Henry Sherek</span>

Jules Henry Sherek (1900–1967) was a British theatrical manager, known for producing the plays of T. S. Eliot.

Margaret Phillips was a Welsh-born actress who was active on Broadway from the 1940s and in television in the 1950s and 1960s.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Grey Blake</span> British actor

Grey Blake (1902–1971) was a British stage, film and television actor.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Louise Heims Beck</span> American librarian and vaudeville performer (1889–1978)

Louise Payton Heims Beck, sometimes referred to as Mrs. Martin Beck, was an American librarian who became a vaudeville performer and the wife of theatre impresario Martin Beck. She assisted her husband in his theatrical enterprises until his death in 1940, after which she took over the management of his eponymous Broadway theatre. Along with Antoinette Perry and several other women, she co-founded the American Theater Wing (ATW) in its revived and revised version in 1940. She served as one of the directors of the ATW in its early years, and played a critical role in establishing both the Stage Door Canteen during World War II and the Tony Awards in 1947. She was chairman of the governing board of the Actors' Fund of America from 1960 until her death in 1978.

References

  1. "The Cocktail Party | Comedy, Satire, Social Criticism | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 14 August 2023.
  2. Mambrol, Nasrullah (15 May 2019). "Analysis of T. S. Eliot's Plays". Literary Theory and Criticism. Retrieved 14 August 2023.
  3. Institute For Advanced Study Frees Scholar From Class, Tests, Students The Harvard Crimson, November 7, 1953
  4. "The Cocktail Party | Comedy, Satire, Social Criticism | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 14 August 2023.
  5. Darlington, W. A. (2004). "Henry Sherek" . Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/36063 . Retrieved 27 July 2014.(Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  6. "New Plays in Manhattan". Time . 30 January 1950. Archived from the original on 13 June 2008. Retrieved 15 June 2008.
  7. 1 2 "Search Past Tony Award Winners (Gilbert Miller)". Tony Awards . Archived from the original on 22 September 2015.

Further reading