The Keepers of the House

Last updated
The Keepers of the House
KeepersOfTheHouse.JPG
First edition
Author Shirley Ann Grau
CountryUnited States
LanguageEnglish
Publisher Alfred A. Knopf
Publication date
1964
Media typePrint (hardback & paperback)

The Keepers of the House is a 1964 novel by Shirley Ann Grau set in rural Alabama and covering seven generations of the Howland family that lived in the same house and built a community around themselves. As such, it is a metaphor for the long-established families of the Deep South of the United States, their encounter with changing values and norms, and the hypocrisy of racism. In 1965, The Keepers of the House was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction.

Contents

Plot summary

The first William Howland did not return home to Tennessee on his way back from the War of 1812. Instead, he settled on a hill in Mississippi Territory, overlooking a small river. He was later killed in an Indian raid, but since then, a descendant of William Howland, most often a male named William, lived in the house and dominated affairs in Madison City and Wade County, which sprang up around Howland's original settlement.

The fifth William Howland was the last man bearing the name to live in the house. His wife died young, leaving him with a young daughter, Abigail, and an infant son, William, who died just a year after his mother. Abigail married an English professor who abandoned her with a child, also named Abigail, when he went off to fight in World War II. When she died, William Howland was left to take care of his granddaughter Abigail. He also brought Margaret, a new African American housekeeper to the house to live with him. Throughout the county, she was known as his mistress and the mother of his other children. What no one knew, however, was that William had secretly married Margaret to ensure that the children were legitimate. Once their children came of age, William Howland and Margaret sent them north so that they could pursue lives as Whites.

The secret of the marriage came out only after the younger Abigail was married to John Tolliver, an up-and-coming politician, who was running for governor. In the turbulent racist atmosphere of the South, Tolliver aligned himself with the Klan and came out with racist statements against Blacks. This infuriated Robert Howland, the eldest son of William and Margaret, who was living in obscurity in Seattle. He released the news to the story of his origins to the press, crippling Tolliver's campaign. Tolliver, who regarded Abigail as a trophy wife, declared that their marriage was over and headed north to his family.

Both William Howland and Margaret are dead, but a mob gathered to vent its anger about the mixed marriage on Abigail and the Howland house. They kill the livestock and set fire to the barn, but Abigail succeeds in driving them away from the house with her grandfather's shotguns. At the end of the book, Abigail takes her revenge on the people of Madison City. Over the past generations, her family had come to own most of the county, making her one of the richest people in the state. Over the course of a single day, she takes revenge on the locals for betraying her grandfather by shutting down the hotel and bringing most of the local economy to ruin. Once she has done that, she places a call to Robert, with the intention of informing his new family that his mother was Black.

Major themes

Race plays an important role throughout The Keepers of the House . Grau illustrates what she regards as hypocrisy among southerners, whose beliefs about race do not coincide with their outward statements or actions. This dissonance is reflected in the character, John Tolliver, who is challenged about whether he truly believes the racist rhetoric he spouts. This bitter condemnation of racist rhetoric, made at the height of the Civil Rights Movement, evoked a sharp public reaction against Grau. When the book was first published, Grau was publicly attacked by the Ku Klux Klan, and a cross was burned on her lawn. [1]

Related Research Articles

Dolley Madison 4th First Lady of the United States

Dolley Todd Madison was the wife of James Madison, the fourth president of the United States from 1809 to 1817. She was noted for holding Washington social functions in which she invited members of both political parties, essentially spearheading the concept of bipartisan cooperation. Previously, founders such as Thomas Jefferson would only meet with members of one party at a time, and politics could often be a violent affair resulting in physical altercations and even duels. Madison helped to create the idea that members of each party could amicably socialize, network, and negotiate with each other without violence. By innovating political institutions as the wife of James Madison, Dolley Madison did much to define the role of the President's spouse, known only much later by the title first lady—a function she had sometimes performed earlier for the widowed Thomas Jefferson.

Sally Hemings Slave, maidservant, and sister-in-law of Thomas Jefferson

Sarah "Sally" Hemings was an enslaved quadroon woman owned by president of the United States Thomas Jefferson, one of many he inherited from his father-in-law, John Wayles.

Abigail Adams 2nd First Lady of the United States (1797–1801)

Abigail Adams was the wife and closest advisor of John Adams, as well as the mother of John Quincy Adams. She is sometimes considered to have been a Founder of the United States, and is now designated as the second first lady of the United States, although this title was not used at the time. She and Barbara Bush are the only two women to have been married to one U.S. president and the mother of another.

Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough British duchess (1660–1744)

Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough, Princess of Mindelheim, Countess of Nellenburg, was an English courtier who rose to be one of the most influential women of her time through her close relationship with Anne, Queen of Great Britain. Sarah's relationship and influence with Princess Anne were widely known, and leading public figures often turned their attentions to her, hoping for favor from Anne. By the time Anne became queen, Sarah’s knowledge of government and intimacy with the queen had made her a powerful friend and a dangerous enemy.

Lou Henry Hoover Former First Lady of the United States (1929-1933)

Lou Hoover was the wife of President Herbert Hoover and served as the first lady of the United States from 1929 to 1933.

<i>Shirley</i> (novel)

Shirley, A Tale is a social novel by the English novelist Charlotte Brontë, first published in 1849. It was Brontë's second published novel after Jane Eyre. The novel is set in Yorkshire in 1811–12, during the industrial depression resulting from the Napoleonic Wars and the War of 1812. The novel is set against the backdrop of the Luddite uprisings in the Yorkshire textile industry.

Shirley Ann Grau American writer

Shirley Ann Grau was an American writer. She was born in New Orleans, and her work is set primarily in the Deep South and explores issues of race and gender.

John Howland accompanied the English Separatists and other passengers when they left England on the Mayflower to settle in Plymouth. He was an indentured servant and in later years an executive assistant and personal secretary to Governor John Carver.

<i>Mr. Vertigo</i>

Mr. Vertigo is a novel written by the American author Paul Auster. Faber & Faber first published it in 1994 in Great Britain. The book fits well in Auster's bibliography, which has reappearing themes like failure and identity and genres like absurdist fiction, crime fiction and existentialism.

Helen Westley American actress

Helen Westley was an American character actress of stage and screen

Paul Jennings (slave)

Paul Jennings (1799–1874) was an American personal servant, as a young enslaved man, to President James Madison during and after his White House years. Jennings is noted for publishing in 1865 the first White House memoir. His book was A Colored Man's Reminiscences of James Madison, described as "a singular document in the history of slavery and the early American republic."

<i>Revenge of the Bridesmaids</i>

Revenge of the Bridesmaids is a 2010 ABC Family Original Movie that premiered on July 18, 2010. It stars Raven-Symoné as Abigail and Joanna García as Parker, undercover bridesmaids with a mission to break up a wedding. In addition, the film's cast also features Virginia Williams, Beth Broderick, Chryssie Whitehead, David Clayton Rogers, Lyle Brocato and Brittany Ishibashi.

<i>The Keeper of the Bees</i> (1935 film) 1935 film by Christy Cabanne

Keeper of the Bees is a 1935 American film directed by Christy Cabanne. The film depicts WWI veteran Jamie McFarland and his search for meaning in his last six months to live, and Molly Campbell, a young woman looking to save her sister's child from being left alone. It also features Emma Dunn as Margaret Campbell, Molly's charming mother and Edith Fellows as Jean-Marie "Little Scout", an adventurous young girl trying to fit in with her male friends.

William Robinson was a deputy governor of the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations.

<i>Peregrina</i> (Mexican TV series)

Peregrina is a Mexican telenovela produced by Nathalie Lartilleux for Televisa. The series is a remake of the Venezuelan telenovela Kassandra. It premiered on November 14, 2005 and ended on March 31, 2006. It became an unexpected success, garnering ratings in excess of 30 points.

<i>Começar de Novo</i> Television series

Começar de Novo is a Brazilian telenovela produced by Rede Globo and aired between 30 August 2004 and 16 April 2005.

Madison Clark Main protagonist in the first four seasons of Fear the Walking Dead#

Madison Clark is a fictional character and the main protagonist for the first four seasons of the AMC television series Fear the Walking Dead. She is portrayed by Kim Dickens, and created by Robert Kirkman and former showrunner Dave Erickson. Madison is a former high school guidance counselor, Nick and Alicia's mother, and Travis Manawa's fiancée.

Nick Clark (character)

Nicholas Clark is a fictional character in the first four seasons of the television series Fear the Walking Dead. He is portrayed by Frank Dillane. Nick is the son of Madison Clark, the series' main protagonist throughout the first four seasons. Nick is a young adult who suffers from an addiction to heroin.

Louise Mitchell Fictional character from EastEnders

Louise Mitchell is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera EastEnders, who has been played by four different actors since her on-screen birth on 6 November 2001. Louise has been played by Rachel Cox between 2001 and 2003, Danni Bennatar in 2008, Brittany Papple in 2010, and Tilly Keeper in 2016 to 2020. Keeper's casting was announced on 16 December 2015 and she made her first appearance as Louise on 15 January 2016. The character's departure was announced in December 2019, with Louise making her last appearance on 24 January 2020.

References

  1. Bass, Erin Z. (October 31, 2013). "The Undramatic Life of Shirley Ann Grau". Deep South Magazine. Deep South. Retrieved 5 April 2018.