Timeline of Mongols prior to the Mongol Empire

Last updated April 30, 2023

This is a timeline of Mongols prior to the Mongol Empire.

8th century

700s

Year	Date	Event
700		Chinese records mention a tribe called "Mengwu", probably pronounced "Mung-nguet" at the time, inhabiting Manchuria ^[1]

10th century

900s

Year	Date	Event
908		Abaoji attacks the Shiwei ^[2]

920s

Year	Date	Event
928		Khongirad rebels against the Liao dynasty in the north^[3]

950s

Year	Date	Event
950		Chinese records mention a "Mengwu" tribe living in the grasslands west of the Greater Khingan and southeast of Lake Baikal ^[1]

960s

Year	Date	Event
965		Khongirad and Shiwei tribes rebel against the Liao dynasty ^[4]

990s

Year	Date	Event
997		Zubu Poosy rebel against the Liao dynasty ^[5]

11th century

1000s

Year	Date	Event
1007		Zubu tribes rebel against the Liao dynasty ^[5]

1050s

Year	Date	Event
1050		Khaidu, "the first to rule all the Mongols", is born^[6]

1060s

Year	Date	Event
1069		Zubu tribes rebel against the Liao dynasty ^[5]

1080s

Year	Date	Event
1084		"Mengwu" visit the Liao dynasty court^[1]

12th century

1100s

Year	Date	Event
1100		Khaidu dies^[6]

1110s

Year	Date	Event
1118		Zubu tribes rebel against the Liao dynasty ^[5]

1140s

Year	Date	Event
1146		Khabul Khan of the Khamag Mongols, great-grandson of Khaidu, rebels against the Jin dynasty ^[7]

1160s

Year	Date	Event
1160		Conflict with the Jin dynasty reduces the Mongol tribes and the Borjigin clan to destitution^[6]
1162		Temüjin is born in Delüün Boldog near Burkhan Khaldun to the Mongol chieftain Yesugei and Hoelun ^[8]

Genghis Khan's ancestors

Borte Chino (Grey Wolf) and his wife was Gua Maral (White Doe)

1. Bat Tsagan - was the son of Borte Chino and Gua Maral
- 2. Tamacha - was the son of Bat Tsagan
  - 3. Horichar Mergen - was the son of Tamacha
    - 4. Uujim Buural - was the son of Horichar Mergen
      - 5. Sali Hachau - was the son of Uujim Buural
        6. Yehe Nidun - was the son of Sali Hachau
        7. Sem Sochi - was the son of Yehe Nidun
        8. Harchu - was the son of Sem Sochi
        9. Borjigidai Mergen - was the son of Harchu, and his wife was Mongoljin Gua
        10. Torogoljin Bayan - was the son of Borjigidai Mergen, and his wife was Borogchin Gua
        11. Duva Sokhor - was the first son of Torogoljin Bayan
        11. Dobu Mergen|Dobun Mergen - was the second son of Torogoljin Bayan, and his wife was Alan Gua
        12. Belgunudei - was the first son of Dobun Mergen and Alan Gua
        12. Bugunudei - was the second son of Dobun Mergen and Alan Gua

---

12. Bukhu Khatagi - was the first son of Alan Gua, conceived after the death of Dobun Mergen
12. Bukhatu Salji - was the second son of Alan Gua, conceived after the death of Dobun Mergen
12. Bodonchar Munkhag - was the third son of Alan Gua, conceived after the death of Dobun Mergen
- 13. Habich Baghatur - was the son of Bodonchar Munkhag
  - 14. Menen Tudun - was the son of Habich Baghatur
    - 15. Hachi Hulug - was the son of Menen Tudun
      - 16. Khaidu - was the son of Hachi Hulug
        17. Bashinkhor Dogshin - was the first son of Khaidu
        18. Tumbinai Setsen - was the son of Baishinkhor Dogshin
        19. Khabul Khan - was the first son of Tumbinai Setsen, and Khan of the Khamag Mongol (1120–1149)
        20. Ohinbarhag - was the first son of Khabul Khan
        20. Bartan Baghatur - was the second son of Khabul Khan
        21. Mengitu Hiyan - was the first son of Bartan Baghatur
        21. Negun Taiji - was the second son of Bartan Baghatur
        21. Yesugei - was the third son of Bartan Baghatur, and his wife was Hoelun
        22. Temujin ( Genghis Khan ) - was the first son of Yesugei and Hoelun, and Khan of the Khamag Mongol (1189–1206)

Related Research Articles

A Borjigin is a member of the Mongol sub-clan, which started with Bodonchar Munkhag of the Kiyat clan. Yesugei's descendants were thus said to be Kiyat-Borjigin. The senior Borjigids provided ruling princes for Mongolia and Inner Mongolia until the 20th century. The clan formed the ruling class among the Mongols and some other peoples of Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Today, the Borjigid are found in most of Mongolia, Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang, and additionally genetic research has shown that descent from Genghis Khan and Amir Timur Barlas is common throughout Central Asia and other regions.

The family tree of Genghis Khan is listed below. This family tree only lists prominent members of the Borjigin family and does not reach the present. Genghis Khan appears in the middle of the tree, and Kublai Khan appears at the bottom of the tree. The Borjigin family was the imperial house of the Mongol Empire (and its various successor states, dating back to the 13th and 14th centuries.

Mongolian cuisine predominantly consists of dairy products, meat, and animal fats. The most common rural dish is cooked mutton. In the city, steamed dumplings filled with meat—"buuz"— are popular.

Khabul Khan, also rendered as Qabul Khan, Kabul Khan and Khabul Khagan, was the founder and first known Khan of the Khamag Mongol confederation and great-grandfather of Genghis Khan, and brother of Khaduli Barlas, who was in turn the ancestor of Timur. He was the son and successor of Tumbinai Khan.

Hotula Khan or Qutula Khan was a Khan of Khamag Mongol and the son of Khabul Khan, and thus great-uncle of the Genghis Khan, and the nephew of Khaduli Barlas who was the ancestor of Barlas Mongol clan, where Central Asian conqueror Timur originated and foundation of Timurid Empire.

Ambaghai or HambaqaiKhan was a Khan of the Khamag Mongol, succeeded to his cousin Khabul Khan, he was one of the great-grandsons of Khaidu Khan and the cousin and predecessor of Hotula Khan, he was the Leader of Taichud Clan one of sub-branch of Borjigid, and also Grandson of and successor of Charaqai Lingqum.

The Four Garrisons of Anxi were Chinese military garrisons installed by the Tang dynasty between 648 and 658. They were stationed at the Indo-European city-states of Qiuci (Kucha), Yutian (Hotan), Shule (Kashgar) and Yanqi (Karashahr). The Protectorate General to Pacify the West was headquartered in Qiuci.

Alan Gua is a mythical figure from The Secret History of the Mongols, eleven generations after the grey wolf and the white doe, and ten generations before Genghis Khan.

This is the timeline of the Mongol Empire from the birth of Temüjin, later Genghis Khan, to the ascension of Kublai Khan as emperor of the Yuan dynasty in 1271, though the title of Khagan continued to be used by the Yuan rulers into the Northern Yuan dynasty, a far less powerful successor entity, until 1634.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yesugei</span> De facto ruler of Khamag Mongol

Yesugei Baghatur or Yesükhei was a major chief of the Khamag Mongol confederation and the father of Temüjin, later known as Genghis Khan. He was from the Borjigin family, and his name literally means "like nine", meaning he had the auspicious qualities of the number nine, a lucky number to the Mongols.

Bodonchar Munkhag was a renowned Mongol warlord and a direct ancestor of Genghis Khan as well as of the Barlas Mongols, the tribe of the Central Asian warlord Timur.

Tüsheet Khan refers to the territory as well as the Chingizid dynastic rulers of the Tüsheet Khanate, one of four Khalka khanates that emerged from remnants of the Mongol Empire after the death of Dayan Khan's son Gersenji in 1549 and which continued until 1930.

The siege of Lüshun was a military conflict between the Later Jin and Ming dynasty. In the summer of 1634 the Jin attacked and conquered the port city of Lüshun from Ming.

This is a timeline of the Jurchens.

This is a timeline of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms (907–979), which followed the collapse of the Tang dynasty in 907 AD. The Five Dynasties refer to the succession of dynasties which ruled northern China following the Tang collapse while the Ten Kingdoms, with the exception of Northern Han, ruled in southern China. This era of division ended in 979 AD with the rise of the Song dynasty under Emperor Taizu of Song, although the Song would never reconquer the northern territory lost to the Khitans, collectively known as the Sixteen Prefectures.

This is a timeline of the Tangut people and Western Xia.

This is a timeline of the Ilkhanate.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yunnan under Ming rule</span>

Yunnan under Ming rule saw the continuation of the tusi system instituted during the Yuan dynasty, increasing centralization, and Han migration into Yunnan.

The rise of Genghis Khan involves the events from his birth as Temüjin in 1162 until 1206, when he was bestowed the title of "Genghis Khan", which means something along the lines of "Universal Ruler" or "Oceanic Ruler" by the Quriltai, which was an assembly of Mongol Chieftains.

The Jurchen unification were a series of events in the late 16th and early 17th centuries that led to the unification of the Jurchen tribes under Nurhaci, a Jianzhou Jurchen leader who had an antagonistic relationship with the Ming dynasty due to their involvement in events early on in his life that led to the death of his father and grandfather. From 1583 to the early 1600s, Nurhaci led a series of military and influence campaigns that led to the unification of the majority of the Jurchen tribes. In 1616, Nurhaci established the Later Jin dynasty and ruled as its founding khan.

References

1 2 3 Mote 2003, p. 404.
↑ Twitchett 1994, p. 60.
↑ Twitchett 1994, p. 69.
↑ Twitchett 1994, p. 83.
1 2 3 4 Twitchett 1994, p. 138.
1 2 3 Mote 2003, p. 414.
↑ Twitchett 1994, p. 238.
↑ Mote 2003, p. 403.

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[FOOTNOTEMote2003404-1] 1 2 3 Mote 2003, p. 404.

[FOOTNOTETwitchett199460-2] Twitchett 1994, p. 60.

[FOOTNOTETwitchett199469-3] Twitchett 1994, p. 69.

[FOOTNOTETwitchett199483-4] Twitchett 1994, p. 83.

[FOOTNOTETwitchett1994138-5] 1 2 3 4 Twitchett 1994, p. 138.

[FOOTNOTEMote2003414-6] 1 2 3 Mote 2003, p. 414.

[FOOTNOTETwitchett1994238-7] Twitchett 1994, p. 238.

[FOOTNOTEMote2003403-8] Mote 2003, p. 403.

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v t e Timelines of Chinese history
Ancient	Warring States and Qin dynasty (5th century–207 BC) Chu–Han Contention (206–202 BC) Han dynasty (202 BC–AD 9, AD 25–220)
Medieval	Three Kingdoms (220–280) Jin dynasty and the Sixteen Kingdoms (266–439) Northern and Southern dynasties (420–589) Sui dynasty (581–619) Tang dynasty (618–690, 705–907) Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms (907–979)
Early Modern	Song dynasty (960–1279) Jin–Song Wars (1125–1234) Yuan dynasty (1271–1368) Northern Yuan (1368–1635) Ming dynasty (1368–1644) Treasure voyages (1405–1433) Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)
Modern	Qing dynasty (1636–1912) Republic of China (1912–)
Locations	Fuzhou Guangzhou Hangzhou Hong Kong Nanjing Shanghai Taiwan Tibet Yunnan-Guizhou Xinjiang
Non-Han ethnicities	Vietnamese Uyghur Khitan Tangut Jurchen Mongol
Related	Xiongnu Göktürk Turgesh Karluk Tibetan Empire Fragmentation Mongol Empire Oirat
Neighboring countries	Korea Vietnam Early independent Lý Japan Mongolia Pakistan India Russia
Miscellaneous	Chinese texts