Timeline of Tunis

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Tunis, Tunisia.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

Prior to 13th century

• 814 BCE - Founding of the Carthaginian Empire
• 146 BCE – Romans sack Carthage.
• 737 CE – Ez-Zitouna madrassa founded.
• 800-909 – Tunis was one of the residences of the Aghlabids dynasty. ^[1]
• 863 – Al-Zaytuna Mosque built. ^[2]
• 902 – City becomes capital of Ifriqiya.
• 945 – Kharijite insurgents occupy city.
• 1159 – Almohads in power; Tunis becomes capital city.

13th–18th centuries

• 1227 – Abul Hasan ash-Shadhili founds his first zawiya in Tunis.
• 1229 – Hafsids in power. ^[3]
• 1230 – Kasbah Mosque built. ^[1]
• 1252 – Al Haoua Mosque built.
• 1270 – Louis IX of France takes power.
• 1320 – Bab el Khadra built.
• 1350 – Bab Saadoun built (approximate date).
• 1534 – Conquest of Tunis by Hayreddin Barbarossa; Ottomans in power.
• 1535
  • Conquest of Tunis by Spanish Empire. ^[1]
  • Fortress built at La Goulette.
• 1574 – Conquest of Tunis by Ottomans. ^[3]
• 1609 – 80,000 Moriscos arrive in Tunis after expulsion from Spain, the highest number since 1492.
• 1624 – Soubhan Allah Mosque built (approximate date).
• 1631 – Youssef Dey Mosque established.
• 1648 – Ksar Mosque renovated.
• 1655 – Hammouda Pacha Mosque built.
• 1685 – Arrival of the first community of Livorno Jews (known as 'Granas') in Tunis
• 1692 – Sidi Mahrez Mosque built.
• 1710 – Bab Jazira Mosque built.
• 1726 – El Jedid Mosque built.
• 1741 – Ali II ibn Hussein grants a charter to the Livorno Jews (Granas) in Tunis.
• 1756 – An Algerian army captures Tunis, deposing Abu l-Hasan Ali I and installing Muhammad I ar-Rashid

19th century

Map of Tunis, 1888

• 1811 – Rebellion.
• 1813 – Sabkha Mosque restored.
• 1814 – Saheb Ettabaâ Mosque built.
• 1818 – Plague strikes Tunis killing up to 50,000 and depopulating the city as people flee.
• 1819 – Dar Lasram built.
• 1840 – Military academy founded at Bardo by Ahmed Bey
• 1857 – Batto Sfez Affair.
• 1860 –
  • Old city walls demolished.
  • Tunisia's first official printing press established in Tunis. First edition of the Official Gazette of the Republic of Tunisia published.
• 1872 – Tunis-Goulette-Marsa railway begins operating.
• 1875 – Sadiki College founded. ^[1]
• 1881 – City occupied by French. ^[1]
• 1882 – Alaoui Museum dedicated. ^[4]
• 1885 – Bibliothèque Francaise established. ^[4]
• 1892 – Consulate of France building constructed.
• 1893 – Canal opens. ^[1]
• 1897 – Cathedral of St. Vincent de Paul opens.
• 1900 – Lycée de la Rue du Pacha founded.

20th century

Map of Tunis, 1937

• 1901 – Palais de Justice built. ^[1]
• 1903 – Compagnie des tramways de Tunis founded
• 1906 – Population: 227,519. ^[1]
• 1906 – Thala-Kasserine Disturbances
• 1907 – Young Tunisians founded
• 1908 – Omnia Pathé opens.
• 1910 – Belvedère Park opens. ^[4]
• 1911 – Jellaz Affair
• 1912 – Tunis Tram Boycott
• 1914 – Hotel Majestic built.
• 1919 – Espérance Sportive de Tunis founded.
• 1920
  • Club Africain sport club founded.
  • Municipal Theatre built.
• 1923 – Tunis Institute of Fine Arts founded.
• 1924 – National Library opens.
• 1931
  • Coliseum built.
  • Hajjamine Mosque restored.
• 1932 – Hotel Claridge built.
• 1934 – The Rachidia Institute founded to preserve traditional Tunisian music.
• 1935 – El Omrane Mosque built.
• 1936 – Population: 219,578.
• 1937 – Grand synagogue opens. ^[1]
• 1942 – November – Occupation of city by Axis powers begins.
• 1943 – May – Allies oust Axis forces.
• 1944 – Tunis–Carthage International Airport developed.
• 1946 – Population: 364,593. ^[5]
• 1948 – Stade Tunisien football club founded.
• 1953 – Election boycott. ^[6]
• 1956
  • Independence from France
  • Zitouna University formed.
  • Lycée Francais de Mutuelleville and National Library of Tunisia established. ^[4]
• 1957 – Monarchy abolished
• 1958 – Central Bank of Tunisia headquartered in Tunis.
• 1959 – City designated capital of Tunisian Republic.
• 1963 – Parc Zoologique de la Ville de Tunis set up. ^[4]
• 1964 – Carthage International Festival begins.
• 1966
  • First Carthage Film Festival
  • Population: 468,997 city; 647,640 urban agglomeration. ^[7]
• 1967 – Stade El Menzah built.
• 1969
  • Bourse de Tunis founded.
  • Tunisian Symphony Orchestra established.
• 1973 – Tunisia Private University founded.
• 1976 – Puppet theatre established.^{[ citation needed ]}
• 1978 – Museum of Popular Arts and Tradition inaugurated. ^[4]
• 1979 –
  • Arab League headquartered in Tunis.
  • UNESCO designates the Medina of Tunis as a World Heritage Site.
• 1982 – Palestine Lberation Organisation (PLO) moves from Beirut to Tunis
• 1983 –
  • National Theatre of Tunisia established.
  • First Carthage Theatre Festival held.
• 1984 – Population: 596,654 city; 1,394,749 urban agglomeration. ^[8]
• 1985 – Métro léger de Tunis begins operating.
• 1988
  • Israeli attack on PLO headquarters
  • University of Carthage founded.
• 1990 – Meeting of the Association Internationale des Maires Francophones held in city.
• 1992 – Maison des arts "Dar el founoun" in operation. ^[4]
• 1993 – Palace Theatre opens.
• 1996 – Theâtre de l'Étoile du Nord established.
• 1998
  • National School of Circus Arts established.^{[ citation needed ]}
  • Population: 702,330. ^[9]
• 2000 – Tunis El Manar University founded.

21st century

Protesters and police on Avenue Bourguiba, Tunis, January 2011

• 2003 – Société des transports de Tunis formed.
• 2004
  • Population: 728,453.
  • City hosts African Judo Championships.
• 2007
  • Islamist militants clash with security forces. ^[10]
  • Grand Prix de la ville de Tunis begins.
• 2008 – Tunis Sports City construction begins.
• 2009 – Stade Chedli Zouiten renovated.
• 2010
  • December – Protests. ^[11]
  • Air pollution in Tunis reaches annual mean of 38 PM2.5 and 90 PM10, more than recommended. ^[12]
• 2011
  • Protests. ^[13]
  • Population: 790,000. ^[14]
• 2012
  • June – Salafists riot against art exhibit. ^{[15] [ relevant? ]}
  • August – Protests against reduction of women's rights. ^{[10] [ relevant? ]}
• 2014 – Population: 1,056,247 (urban agglomeration). ^[16]
• 2015
  • 18 March – The Bardo National Museum attack kills 21, mostly tourists. ^[17]
  • 25 March – 2015 Tunis barracks shooting.
  • 24 November – The 2015 Tunis bombing.
• 2016
  • City hosts African Judo Championships.
• 2018
  • City hosts African Judo Championships.

See also

• Tunis history
• History of Tunis  [ fr ]
• List of Beys of Tunis
• List of heritage sites in the Tunis Governorate  [ fr ]
• Urbanization in Tunisia  [ fr ]
• History of Tunisia
• Timeline of Tunisia  [ fr ]

References

1. Britannica 1910.
2. "Timeline: Tunisia". Discoverislamicart.org. Vienna: Museum With No Frontiers . Retrieved 28 July 2017.
3. Hsain Ilahiane (2006). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of the Berbers (Imazighen). Scarecrow Press. ISBN   978-0-8108-6490-0.
4. Ali Houissa (2010), "Tunisia: Libraries, Archives, and Museums", in Marcia J. Bates (ed.), Encyclopedia of Library and Information Sciences, Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, ISBN   9780849397127
5. "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1955. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations.
6. U.S. Library of Congress (1953), Chronology of International Events: January 1, 1952 – June 30, 1953, Washington, DC: Government Printing Office – via HathiTrust (fulltext)
7. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1976). "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1975. New York. pp. 253–279.
8. "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1995 Demographic Yearbook. New York: United Nations. 1997. pp. 262–321.
9. "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2011. United Nations Statistics Division. 2012.
10. BBC News (11 July 2011). "Timeline". Tunisia profile. Retrieved August 14, 2012.
11. U.S. Central Intelligence Agency. "Tunisia". World Factbook. Retrieved August 14, 2012.
12. World Health Organization (2016), Global Urban Ambient Air Pollution Database, Geneva, archived from the original on March 28, 2014
13. D. Kirkpatrick (January 12, 2011). "Protests Spread to Tunisia's Capital, and a Curfew Is Decreed". New York Times.
14. The State of African Cities 2014. United Nations Human Settlements Programme. 2015-09-10. ISBN   978-92-1-132598-0. Archived from the original on 2014-09-10.
15. "Tunisia: Conservative Islamists Riot Over Art Exhibit". New York Times. Reuters. June 12, 2012.
16. "Table 8 - Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants", Demographic Yearbook – 2018, United Nations
17. British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) (March 18, 2015). "Tunis attack: Gunmen kill tourists in museum raid". BBC News Africa.

Bibliography

in English

Published in 19th century

• M.M. Noah (1819), "(Tunis)", Travels in England, France, Spain, and the Barbary States, New-York: Kirk and Mercein, hdl:2027/nyp.33433081557641, OCLC   1338665
• Josiah Conder (1830), "Tunis", The Modern Traveller, London: J.Duncan
• Ernest von Hesse-Wartegg (1882), Tunis: the Land and the People, New York: Dodd, Mead, and Company, OL   24641383M
• R. Lambert Playfair (1895), "City of Tunis", Handbook for Travellers in Algeria and Tunis (5th ed.), London: J. Murray, OCLC   4443952

Published in 20th century

• Frances E. Nesbitt (1906), "Tunis", Algeria and Tunis, London: A. and C. Black
• "Tunis", Jewish Encyclopedia, vol. 12, New York, 1907
• "Tunis", Southern Italy and Sicily (15th ed.), Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1908, OCLC   1648449
• Graham Petrie (1908), Tunis, Kairouan & Carthage, London: W. Heinemann, OL   23351574M
• "Tunis"  . Encyclopædia Britannica . Vol. 27 (11th ed.). 1910. pp. 392–393.
• "Tunis". Encyclopaedia of Islam. E.J. Brill. 1936. p. 837+. via Google Books
• Noelle Watson, ed. (1996). "Tunis". International Dictionary of Historic Places: Middle East and Africa. UK: Routledge. pp. 708–710. ISBN   978-1884964039.

Published in 21st century

• Paul Tiyambe Zeleza; Dickson Eyoh, eds. (2003). "Tunis, Tunisia". Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century African History. Routledge. ISBN   978-0415234795.
• Kevin Shillington, ed. (2005). "Tunis". Encyclopedia of African History. Fitzroy Dearborn. ISBN   978-1-57958-245-6.
• Michael R.T. Dumper; Bruce E. Stanley, eds. (2008), "Tunis", Cities of the Middle East and North Africa, Santa Barbara, US: ABC-CLIO
• Gabor Agoston and Bruce Alan Masters, ed. (2009). "Tunis". Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire. Facts on File. p. 573. ISBN   978-1-4381-1025-7.

in French

• Brossard, Ch., ed. (1906). "Tunisie: Description des villes: Tunis". Colonies françaises. Géographie pittoresque et monumentale de la France (in French). Paris: Flammarion. hdl:2027/mdp.39015005579753. (+ table of contents)
• Abdesslem Ben Hamida (2002). "Cosmopolitisme et colonialisme: Le cas de Tunis". Cahiers de l'URMIS (in French). 8– via Revues.org.
• Pierre-Arnaud Barthel (2003). "Les lacs de Tunis en projets, reflets d'un nouveau gouvernement urbain" [Developing the lakes of Tunis: a new approach in urban governance]. Annales de géographie (in French). 112 (633): 518–536. doi:10.3406/geo.2003.966 – via Persee.fr.
• Moez Bouraoui (2003). "L'agriculture urbaine en Tunisie: espace relictuel ou nouvelle composante territoriale? Le cas du Grand Tunis" [Urban agriculture in Tunisia: residual space or a new territorial component? The case of Greater Tunis]. Revue de géographie alpine (in French). 91 (4): 43–54. doi:10.3406/rga.2003.2261.
• Habib Dlala [in French] (2011). "L'émergence métropolitaine de Tunis dans le tournant de la mondialisation" [Emergence of metropolitan Tunis in the face of globalization]. Méditerranée (in French). 116 (116): 95–103. doi:10.4000/mediterranee.5416 – via Revues.org.

External links

• "(Tunis)" – via Qatar National Library, Qatar Digital Library. (Images, etc.)
• "(Tunis)" – via Europeana. (Images, etc.)
• "(Tunis)" – via Digital Public Library of America. (Images, etc.)
• "(Tunis)". Internet Library Sub-Saharan Africa . Germany: Frankfurt University Library. 2016-09-29. (Bibliography)
• "(Tunis)". Connecting-Africa. Leiden, Netherlands: African Studies Centre. (Bibliography)
• "(Tunis)". AfricaBib.org . (Bibliography)
• Christian Zimmermann (ed.). "(Tunis)". Research Papers in Economics . US: Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. (Bibliography)
• "(Tunis)". Directory of Open Access Journals . UK. (Bibliography of open access articles)
• "Tunis, Tunisia". BlackPast.org . US. 2015-01-08.
• ArchNet. "Tunis". Archived from the original on October 2011.{{cite web}}: Check date values in: |archive-date= (help)