Related Research Articles
Warren Hastings was a British colonial administrator, who served as the first Governor of the Presidency of Fort William (Bengal), the head of the Supreme Council of Bengal, and so the first Governor-General of Bengal in 1772–1785. He and Robert Clive are credited with laying the foundation of the British Empire in India. He was an energetic organizer and reformer. In 1779–1784 he led forces of the East India Company against a coalition of native states and the French. Finally, the well-organized British side held its own, while France lost influence in India. In 1787, he was accused of corruption and impeached, but after a long trial acquitted in 1795. He was made a Privy Councillor in 1814.
Muslim period in the Indian subcontinent (712–1757) is conventionally said to have started in 712, after the conquest of Sindh and Multan by the Umayyad Caliphate. It began in the Indian subcontinent in the course of a gradual conquest. The perfunctory rule by the Ghaznavids in Punjab was followed by Ghurids, and Sultan Muhammad of Ghor is generally credited with laying the foundation of Muslim rule in Northern India.
The Battle of Plassey was a decisive victory of the British East India Company, under the leadership of Robert Clive, over the Nawab of Bengal and his French allies on 23 June 1757. The victory was made possible by the defection of Mir Jafar, Nawab Siraj-ud-Daulah's commander in chief. The battle helped the British East India Company take control of Bengal in 1772. Over the next hundred years, they continued to expand their control over vast territories in rest of the Indian subcontinent, including Burma.
Mirza Qutb-ud-Din Mohammad Azam, commonly known as Azam Shah, was briefly the seventh Mughal emperor from 14 March to 20 June 1707. He was the third son of the sixth Mughal emperor Aurangzeb and his chief consort Dilras Banu Begum.
The Tughlaq dynasty was the third dynasty to rule over the Delhi sultanate in medieval India. Its reign started in 1320 in Delhi when Ghazi Malik assumed the throne under the title of Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq. The dynasty ended in 1413.
Kolkata (Calcutta) was a colonial city. The British East India Company developed Calcutta as a city by establishing an artificial riverine port in the 18th century CE. Kolkata was the capital of the British India until 1911, when the capital was relocated to Delhi. Kolkata grew rapidly in the 19th century to become the second most important city of the British Empire after London and was declared as the financial (commercial) capital of the British India. This was accompanied by the development of a culture that fused Indian philosophies with European tradition.
Famine had been a recurrent feature of life in the South Asian subcontinent countries of India and Bangladesh, most notoriously under British rule. Famines in India resulted in millions of deaths over the course of the 18th, 19th, and early 20th centuries. Famines in British India were severe enough to have a substantial impact on the long-term population growth of the country in the 19th and early 20th centuries.
The Great Bengal famine of 1770 was a famine that struck Bengal and Bihar between 1769 and 1770 and affected some 30 million people. It occurred during a period of dual governance in Bengal. This existed after the East India Company had been granted the diwani, or the right to collect revenue, in Bengal by the Mughal emperor in Delhi, but before it had wrested the nizamat, or control of civil administration, which continued to lie with the Mughal governor, the Nawab of Bengal Nazm ud Daula (1765-72).
The provinces of India, earlier presidencies of British India and still earlier, presidency towns, were the administrative divisions of British governance on the Indian subcontinent. Collectively, they have been called British India. In one form or another, they existed between 1612 and 1947, conventionally divided into three historical periods:
The All India Muhammadan Educational Conference was an organisation promoting modern, liberal education for the Muslim community in India. It was founded by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, also the founder of the Aligarh Muslim University. All India Mumammadan Educational Conference was the origin of the All-India Muslim League. The Muslim League was born in the 20th session of All India Muhammadan Educational Conference, which was established by Syed Ahmed Khan in Aligarh in 1886. Muhammadan Educational Conference used to hold its annual meetings in various cities where, by the co-operation of local Muslims, steps were taken for the progress of education.
Dawar Bakhsh, which means "God Given", was the ruler of the Mughal Empire for a short time between 1627–1628, immediately after the death of his grandfather Jahangir.
The Great Famine of 1876–1878 was a famine in India under British Crown rule. It began in 1876 after an intense drought resulted in crop failure in the Deccan Plateau. It affected south and Southwestern India—the British-administered presidencies of Madras and Bombay, and the princely states of Mysore and Hyderabad—for a period of two years. In 1877, famine came to affect regions northward, including parts of the Central Provinces and the North-Western Provinces, and a small area in Punjab. The famine ultimately affected an area of 670,000 square kilometres (257,000 sq mi) and caused distress to a population totalling 58,500,000. The excess mortality in the famine has been estimated in a range whose low end is 5.6 million human fatalities, high end 9.6 million fatalities, and a careful modern demographic estimate 8.2 million fatalities. The famine is also known as the Southern India famine of 1876–1878 and the Madras famine of 1877. It is but one of many famines under the British rule of India.
Sir Abdur Rahim,, sometimes spelled Abdul Rahim, was a judge and politician in British India, and a leading member of the Muslim League. He was President of the Nikhil Banga Praja Samiti from 1929 to 1934 and of the Central Legislative Assembly of India from 1935 to 1945.
The Council of State was the upper house of the legislature for British India created by the Government of India Act 1919 from the old Imperial Legislative Council, implementing the Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms. The Central Legislative Assembly was the lower house.
The Anglo-Mughal War, also known as Child's War, was the first Anglo-Indian War on the Indian subcontinent.
General elections were held in British India in November 1923 for both the Central Legislative Assembly and Provincial Assemblies. The Central Legislative Assembly had 145 seats, of which 105 were elected by the public.
General elections were held in British India between 28 October and late November 1926 to elect members of the Imperial Legislative Council and the Provincial Legislative Councils.
General elections were held in British India in September 1930. They were boycotted by the Indian National Congress and marked by public apathy. The newly elected Central Legislative Assembly met for the first time on 14 January 1931.
Mariadas Ruthnaswamy CIE, KCSG (1885–1977) was a leading educationalist, statesman and a writer in Madras, India.
The Bengal Provincial Muslim League (BPML) was the branch of the All India Muslim League in the British Indian province of Bengal. It was established in Dhaka on 2 March 1912. Its official language was Bengali. The party played an important role in the Bengal Legislative Council and in the Bengal Legislative Assembly, where two of the Prime Ministers of Bengal were from the party. It was vital to the creation of the Dominion of Pakistan, particularly after its election victory in 1946.
References
- ↑ Fleet, J.F. (1905). Epigraphia Carnatica, Vol. IX. Inscriptions in the Bangalore District. By B. Lewis Rice, C.I.E., MRAS., Director of Archæological Researches in Mysore. (Bangalore: Mysore Government Central Press, 1905.). pp. 123, 151–2.
- ↑ Barbosa, Duarte (1921). The Book of Duarte Barbosa (Vol. 2). pp. 125–6.
- ↑ Etheridge, Alfred Thomas (1868). Report on past famines in the Bombay Presidency. Printed for government at the Education Society's Press, Byculla. p. 100. OCLC 919770881.
- ↑ da Silva Rego, Antonio (1947). Documentacao para a historia das missoes do Padroado Portugues do Oriente : India (Vol. 1). Agência Geral do Ultramar. pp. 450–51.
- ↑ Erskine, William (1854). A history of India under the first two sovereigns of the house of Taimur, Baber and Humayun (Volume 1). p. 355.
- ↑ "A Brief History of the Gujarat Saltanat (Part II)". Journal of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. 25 (2): 289. 1920.
- ↑ Bayley, Sir E.C. (1886). The history of India as told by its own historians. The local Muhammadan dynasties. Gujarat. p. 333.
- ↑ Khān, ʻAlī Muḥammad (1965). Mirat-i-Ahmadi; a Persian history of Gujarat. English translation, translated from the Persian original of Ali Muhammad Khan, by M.F. Lokhandwala. Oriental Institute. pp. 58–9. OCLC 977834826.
- ↑ Elliot, Henry M. (1850). Bibliographical index to the historians of Muhammedan India (Vol. 1). p. 201.
- ↑ Astarābādī, Firishtah, Muḥammad Qāsim Hindū Shāh (1794). Ferishta's History of Dekkan from the first Mahummedan conquests: a continuation from other native writers, of the events in that part of India, to the reduction of its last monarchs by the Emperor Aulumgeer Aurungzebe: also, the reigns of his successors ... to the present day: and the history of Bengal, from the accession of Aliverdee Khan to the year 1780. Comprised in six parts. By Jonathan Scott, ... (Vol. 1). printed by J. and W. Eddowes, for John Stockdale, London. pp. 365–6. OCLC 1171184266.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ↑ Parmu, R.K. (1969). A History Of Muslim Rule In Kashmir 1320-1819. pp. 214–5.
- ↑ Aḥmad, Khwājah Niẓāmuddin (2015). The Ṭabaqāt-i-Akbarī of Khwājah Niẓāmuddīn Aḥmad : a history of India from the early Musalmān invasions to the thirty-sixth year of the reign of Akbar (Vol. 3). pp. 704–5. ISBN 978-93-81574-33-1. OCLC 935461267.
- ↑ Dutt, Jogesh C. (1898). Kings of Kashmira (Vol. 3). pp. 373–5.
- ↑ O Investigador portuguez em Inglaterra (Vol. 16). 1816. pp. 280–1.
- ↑ Correa, Gaspar (1864). Lendas da India (Vol. 4). pp. 131–2.
- ↑ Rice, B. Lewis (1898). Epigraphia Carnatica, vol. IV. Inscriptions in the Mysore District (Pt. 2). pp. 27–8.
- ↑ Etheridge, Alfred Thomas (1868). Report on past famines in the Bombay Presidency. Printed for government at the Education Society's Press, Byculla. p. 16. OCLC 919770881.
- ↑ Nāmī, MUḢAMMAD MA'ṠŪM, Bhakarī, called (1855). A History of Sind, embracing the period from A.D. 710 to A.D. 1590; written in Persian by Mahomed Masoom; and translated ... by Captain George Grenville Malet ... assisted by Peer Mahomed ... Edited by R. Hughes Thomas. pp. 110–18. OCLC 562852528.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ↑ Elliot, H. M. (Henry Miers), Sir (5 July 2014). The history of India, as told by its own historians : the Muhammadan period (Vol. 1). pp. 280–81. ISBN 978-1-139-50721-9. OCLC 1187192446.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ↑ du Jaric, P. Pierre (1608). Histoire des choses plus mémorables advenues tant ez Indes orientales, que autres païs de la descouverte des Portugais. (Vol. 1). pp. 112–3.
- ↑ Venn, Henry (1862). The Missionary Life and Labours of Francis Xavier Taken from His Own Correspondence: With a Sketch of the General Results of Roman Catholic Missions Among the Heathen. pp. 59–61.
- ↑ Bartoli, Daniello (1820). Dell'istoria della Compagnia di Gesu' l'Asia (Pt. 1, Book 3). p. 205.
- ↑ Macauliffe, M. (Max) (1909). The Sikh religion : its gurus, sacred writings and authors. (Vol. 2). p. 36. ISBN 978-1-139-50659-5. OCLC 893423152.
- ↑ Elliot, Sir Henry M. (1850). Bibliographical index to the historians of Muhammedan India (Vol. 1). pp. 232–3.
- ↑ Elliot, Sir Henry M. (1873). The History Of India, As Told By Its Own Historians (Vol. 5). pp. 490–1.
- 1 2 Kumar, Raj (2003). Essays on Medieval India. p. 128.
- ↑ Abu-l Fazl (1875). Akbar nama (trans. E. Mackenzie). pp. 21–2.
- ↑ Abul Fazl' Allami (1894). Ain I Akbari (trans. H.S. Jarett) (Vol. 3). pp. 425–6.
- ↑ da Silva Rego, Antonio (1947). Documentação para a história das missões do padroado português do Oriente. p. 386.
- ↑ da Silva Rego, Antonio (1953). Documentacao para a historia das missoes do Padroado Portugues do Oriente : India (Vol. 9). p. 360.
- ↑ de Federici, Cesare (1587). Viaggio di Messer Cesare de Federici nell'India Orientale. pp. Capitolo 7.
- ↑ Caldwell, Robert (1881). A Political and General History of the District of Tinnevelly, in the Presidency of Madras. p. 72.
- ↑ de Sousa Amado, José (1876). Historia da Egreja Catholica em Portugal, no Brazil e nas possessões portuguezas (Vol. 7 pt. 2). pp. 319–20.
- ↑ Wicki, Josef (1964). Documenta Indica (Vol. 8). pp. 351–2.
- ↑ Habib, Irfan (1999). The agrarian system of Mughal India (1526-1707). p. 114.
- ↑ Srivastava, Ashirbadi Lal (1962). Akbar The Great (Vol. 1). p. 169.
- ↑ Elliot, Sir H.M. (1873). The History of India, as Told By Its Own Historians (Vol. 5). p. 384.
- ↑ Abu'l-Fazl (1939). The Akbar Nama (trans. H Beveridge) (Vol. 3). pp. 148–9.
- ↑ Parmu, R.K. (1969). A History Of Muslim Rule In Kashmir 1320-1819. p. 261.
- ↑ Dutt, Jogesh C. (1898). Kings of Kashmira (Vol. 3). pp. 394–5.
- ↑ Etheridge, A.T. (1868). Report on Past Famines in the Bombay Presidency. p. 25.
- ↑ Singh, Gurpreet (2014). Soul of Sikhism. p. 75.
- ↑ Jain, Shalin (2012). "Interaction with The 'Lords': The Jain Community and the Mughal Royalty under Akbar". Social Scientist. 40 (3–4).
- ↑ Jain, Kailash Chand (1963). Jainism in Rajasthan. p. 223.
- ↑ du Jaric, P. Pierre (1610). Histoire des choses plus mémorables advenues tant ez Indes orientales, que autres païs de la descouverte des Portugais (Vol. 2). p. 459.
- ↑ Sikh Missionary College (c. 2000s). Brief History Of The Sikh Gurus. p. 36.
- ↑ Haig, TW; Allan, John; Dodwell, Henry (1935). The Cambridge Shorter History of India (Vol. 2). pp. 374, 379.
- ↑ Macauliffe, Max Arthur (1909). The Sikh Religion, Its Gurus, sacred Writings and Authors (Vol. 3). pp. 189–90.
- ↑ Elliot, Sir H.M. (1877). The history of India : as told by its own historians. The Muhammadan period (Vol. 6). p. 94.
- ↑ Elliot, Sir H.M. (1877). The history of India : as told by its own historians. The Muhammadan period (Vol. 6). p. 193.
- ↑ Khan, Shah Nawaz (2003). The Maathir-ul-Umara (trans. H. Beveridge & B. Prashad) (Vol. 1, 2nd ed.). p. 400.
- ↑ Elliot, Sir H.M. (1877). The history of India : as told by its own historians. The Muhammadan period (Vol. 6). p. 346.
- ↑ Roe, Sir Thomas (1899). The embassy of Sir Thomas Roe to the court of the Great Mogul, 1615-1619 (Vol. 2). pp. 307, 352, 364, 366–67, 375.
- ↑ Letters received by the East India Company from its servants in the East: Vol. 5, 1617 (January to June). 1901. p. 104.
- ↑ Letters received by the East India Company from its servants in the East: Vol. 6, 1617 (July to December). 1902. p. 198.
- ↑ Allan, John; Haig, Thomas Wolseley; Dodwell, Henry (1935). The Cambridge Shorter History of India (Vol. 2). p. 389.
- ↑ Brief History Of The Sikh Gurus. c. 2000s. p. 45.
- ↑ Sadhu, Shyam Lal (2003). Rupa Bhavani. p. 51.
- ↑ Mattoo, Abul Majid (1973). Kashmir Under Jahangir (1605-1627 AD) (M. Phil. Dissertation, Aligarh Muslim University, 1973). p. 87.
- ↑ Koul, Pandit Anand (1925). Geography Of The Jammu And Kashmir State (2nd ed.). pp. 105, 110.
- ↑ Terry, Edward (1777). A voyage to East-India. pp. 226, 390, 393.
- ↑ Moreland, W.H. (1923). From Akbar to Aurangzeb: A study in Indian economic history. p. 207.
- ↑ y Sousa, Manuel de Faria (1675). Asia Portuguesa (Vol. 3). p. 349.
- ↑ Foster, William (1908). The english factories in India, 1622-1623 : a calendar of documents in the India Office and British museum. p. 129.
- ↑ Vink, Marcus (2015). Encounters on the Opposite Coast: The Dutch East India Company and the Nayaka State of Madurai in the Seventeenth Century. p. 289.
- ↑ Bertrand, J. (1848). La Mission du Maduré (Vol. 2). pp. Letter to P. Ant. Vico, November 1622.
- ↑ Bhavani, C. (2008). Economic History of Tamilnadu from AD 1600 to 1857 (PhD thesis, 2008). p. 364.
- ↑ The English factories in India, 1630-1633. 1910. p. 79.
- ↑ Randhawa, M.S. A History of Agriculture in India (Vol. II). p. 340.
- ↑ Elliot, Sir H.M. (1877). The history of India : as told by its own historians. The Muhammadan period (Vol. 7). p. 24.
- ↑ Etheridge, A.T. (1868). Report on Past Famines in the Bombay Presidency. p. 39.
- ↑ Mundy, Peter (1914). The travels of Peter Mundy in Europe and Asia, 1608-1667 (Vol. 2). pp. 38–9.
- ↑ Calendar of State Papers, Colonial Series. East Indies and Persia 1630-1634 (Vol. 8). 1892. pp. 100, 102.
- ↑ Khan, Inayat (1990). The Shah Jahan nama of 'Inayat Khan (trans. A.R. Fuller). p. 42.
- ↑ The English factories in India, 1630-1633. 1910. pp. 19, 60, 79, 97, 117, 122, 129–30, 134.
- ↑ van Twist, Johan. Generale beschrijvinghe van Indien (edition of 1648). pp. 7–9.
- ↑ Moreland, W.H. (1923). From Akbar to Aurangzeb: A study in Indian economic history. pp. 171–2, 212–3.
- ↑ Khan, Ali Muhammad (1965). Mirat-i-Ahmadi: A Persian History of Gujarat (trans. M.F.Lokhandwala). p. 179.
- ↑ Khan, Nawab Samsam-ud-Daula Shah Nawaz (1952). The Maathir-ul-Umara (trans. H. Beveridge) (Vol. 2, Pt. 1). pp. 306–8.
- ↑ Gokhale, Balkrishna Govind (1979). Surat in the Seventeenth Century. p. 22.
- ↑ Fraser, J. Nelson; Edwards, J.F. (1922). Life and Teachings of Tukaram. pp. 83–4.
- ↑ Tukaram (1909). The Poems of Tukarama (trans. J. Nelson Fraser and K.B. Marathe). pp. 43, 113.
- ↑ Bredsdorff, Asta (1999). Willem Leyels liv og farefulde rejse til Indien. p. 21.
- ↑ The English factories in India, 1630-1633. 1910. pp. xvi, xxi, 136, 138, 143, 145, 158, 207.
- ↑ Firishtah, Muhammad Qasim Hindu Shah Astirabadi (1772). History of Hindostan (trans. Alexander Dow) (1st ed.). p. 141.
- ↑ Calendar of State Papers, Colonial Series. East Indies and Persia 1630-1634 (Vol. 8). 1892. pp. 147, 173, 209, 226, 228, 231.
- ↑ Elliot, Sir H.M.; Lahori, Abdu-l Hamid (1875). Shah Jahan. pp. 32–3.
- ↑ Dagh-register behouden int Casteel Batavia Anno 1631-34. 1898. pp. 33, 35, 65.
- ↑ van Twist, Johan (1648). Generale beschrijvinghe van Indien (edition of 1648). pp. 9–10.
- ↑ Moreland, W.H. (1923). From Akbar to Aurangzeb: A study in Indian economic history. p. 213.
- ↑ Servaas, A.J. (1887). De Navorscher (Vol. 37 (1)). pp. 4–8.
- ↑ Proceedings of the Third Meeting of the Indian Historical Records Commission Held at Bombay in January 1921. 1921. pp. 45–6.
- ↑ Blair, Charles (1874). Indian famines; their historical, financial, & other aspects. pp. 19–21.
- ↑ Schimmel, Annemarie (2004). The Empire of the Great Mughals: History, Art and Culture. pp. 99–100.
- ↑ Elliot, Sir H.M. (1877). The history of India : as told by its own historians. The Muhammadan period (Vol. 7). p. 440.
- ↑ Queiros, Fernão de (1689). Historia de vida do veneravel irmaõ Pedro De Basto, coadjutor temporal da Companhia de Jesus, e da variedade de sucessos que deos lhe manifestou. p. 197.
- ↑ Forster, Sir William (1910). The English factories in India, 1630-1633. p. 218.
- ↑ Dagh-register Behouden Int Casteel Batavia Anno 1631-1634. pp. 87, 144, 146.
- ↑ Calendar of State Papers, Colonial Series. East Indies and Persia 1630-1634 (Vol. 8). 1892. pp. 352, 422, 467.
- ↑ Wessels, Bernard (1924). Early Jesuit Travellers in Central Asia, 1603–1721. pp. 82–3.
- ↑ Dagh-register Behouden Int Casteel Batavia Anno 1636. 1899. pp. 51, 121, 263.
- ↑ "Famine and Dearth (Exeter University)".
- ↑ Bredsdorff, Asta (1999). Willem Leyels liv og farefulde rejse til Indien. p. 74.
- ↑ Dagh-register Behouden Int Casteel Batavia Anno 1640-1641. 1887. pp. 218, 380.
- ↑ Dagh-register Behouden Int Casteel Batavia Anno 1641-1642. 1900. pp. 185–6.
- ↑ Parmu, R.K. (1969). A History Of Muslim Rule In Kashmir 1320-1819. pp. 318–9.
- ↑ Khan, Inayat (1990). The Shah Jahan nama of 'Inayat Khan (trans. A.R. Fuller). pp. 291–2.
- ↑ Singh, Parkash (1971). The Sikh Gurus and the Temple of Bread. p. 82.
- ↑ Dagh-register Behouden Int Casteel Batavia Anno 1641-1642. 1900. pp. 205–6.
- ↑ Dagh-register Behouden Int Casteel Batavia Anno 1643-1644. 1902. p. 250.
- ↑ Bhavani, C. (2008). Economic History of Tamilnadu from AD 1600 to 1857 (PhD thesis, 2008). p. 364.
- ↑ Dagh-register Behouden Int Casteel Batavia Anno 1644-1645. 1903. p. 327.
- ↑ Vink, Markus (2015). Encounters on the Opposite Coast: The Dutch East India Company and the Nayaka State of Madurai in the Seventeenth Century. pp. 289, 335.
- ↑ Bredsdorff, Asta (1999). Willem Leyels liv og farefulde rejse til Indien. p. 164.
- ↑ "Foreningen Trankebar". 1639–55.
- ↑ The Madras Tercentenary Commemoration Volume. 1939. pp. 73–5.
- ↑ The English Factories in India: 1646 - 1650. 1914. pp. 1, 54, 70, 74, 114, 163–5, 215.
- ↑ Love, Henry Davidson (1913). Vestiges of Old Madras, 1640-1800 (Vol. 1). pp. 74–5, 142, 147.
- ↑ The English Factories in India: 1646 - 1650. 1914. pp. 192, 198.
- ↑ Bertrand, J. (1848). La Mission du Maduré (Vol. 2). pp. Letter du P. Balthasar da Costa, Missionaire du Madure, au R.P.V. Caraffa, Generale de la même Compaign. Cochin, 1648.
- ↑ The English Factories in India: 1646 - 1650. 1914. pp. 246, 259.
- ↑ Ferro, Bartolomeo (1704). Istoria delle missioni de' chierici regolari, teatini. Con la descrizione de' regni, provincie, città, luoghi, fede, riti, e costumi delle genti, ove andarono, e passarono li missionarii, con li viaggi pericolosi, fatiche fattevi, e frutto raccoltovi per la cattolica religione (Vol. 2). p. 255.
- ↑ The English Factories in India: 1646 - 1650. 1914. p. 322.
- ↑ The English Factories in India: 1651 - 1654. 1915. pp. 10, 29, 82.
- ↑ Elliot, Sir H.M. (1877). The history of India : as told by its own historians. The Muhammadan period (Vol. 7). p. 98.
- ↑ The English Factories in India: 1655-1660. 1921. pp. 24, 57, 159, 196, 210, 263, 306–7, 311, 320, 401–2, 407.
- ↑ Elliot, Sir H.M. (1877). The history of India, as told by its own historians. The Muhammadan period (Vol. 7). pp. 246–9.
- ↑ Dagh-register Behouden Int Casteel Batavia Anno 1661. 1889. p. 5.
- ↑ Bhadani, B.L. (1981). Economic Conditions in Marwar in the Second Half of the 17th Century (PhD thesis, 1981). p. 105.
- ↑ Bernier, François (1699). Voyages de François Bernier et description des Etats du Grand Mogol (Vol. 1). p. 202.
- ↑ The Madras Tercentenary Commemoration Volume. 1939. pp. 75–6.
- ↑ The English Factories in India: 1655-1660. 1921. p. 257.
- ↑ Vink, Markus (2015). Encounters on the Opposite Coast: The Dutch East India Company and the Nayaka State of Madurai in the Seventeenth Century. p. 290.
- ↑ Perron, Anquetil du (1786). Description historique et géographique de l'Inde (Vol. 2, Pt. 1). p. 50.
- ↑ Girdlestone, C.E.R. (1868). Report on Past Famines in the North-Western Provinces. p. 6.
- ↑ Astirabadi Firishtah, Muhammad Qasim Hindu Shah (1772). History of Hindostan (trans. Alexander Dow) (1st. ed.). p. 340.
- ↑ Elliot, Sir. H.M. (1877). The history of India, as told by its own historians. The Muhammadan period (Vol. 7). p. 263.
- ↑ Khan, Saqi Must'ad (1947). Maasir-i-Alamgiri (trans. Sir Jadunath Sarkar). p. 20.
- ↑ Bernier, François (1699). Voyages de François Bernier et description des Etats du Grand Mogol (Vol. 2). pp. 318–9.
- ↑ Tod, James (1920). Annals and antiquities of Rajasthan (Vol. 1). pp. 454–5.
- ↑ Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal (Vol. 41, Pt. 1, 1872). 1872. pp. 91, 93.
- ↑ Sarkar, Sir Jadunath (1948). The History Of Bengal: Volume II, Muslim Period 1200 To 1757. pp. 343–4.
- ↑ Dagh-register Behouden Int Casteel Batavia Anno 1663. 1891. pp. 21, 167.
- ↑ Ahmed, Khan Chowdhuri Amanatulla (1942). History of Cooch Behar (trans. S.C. Ghosal). p. 207.
- ↑ The English Factories in India: 1661-1664. 1923. pp. 200, 320–1, 329, 358.
- ↑ Bhadani, B.L. (1981). Economic Conditions in Marwar in the Second Half of the 17th Century (PhD thesis, 1981). pp. 105–6.
- ↑ Dagh-register Behouden Int Casteel Batavia Anno 1663. 1891. p. 420.
- ↑ Dagh-register Behouden Int Casteel Batavia Anno 1664. 1893. pp. 154, 189–90, 199, 330, 555–6, 577, 597.
- ↑ Moosvi, Shireen (1985). "Scarcities, Prices and Exploitation: The Agrarian Crisis, 1658-70". Studies in History. 1 (1): 47. doi:10.1177/025764308500100105. S2CID 161951630.
- ↑ Singh, Dilbagh (1990). The State, landlords, and peasants: Rajasthan in the 18th century. p. 39.
- ↑ Gupta, S.P. (1993). "The 'Agrarian Crisis' of Mughal Empire and Agrarian Conditions in the Jaipur Region (c1650 - 1750)". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 54: 331.
- ↑ The English Factories in India: 1668-1669. 1927. p. 217.
- ↑ The English Factories in India (The Western Presidency): 1670-1677. 1936. p. 15.
- ↑ Graaff, Nicolaus de (1701). Reisen van Nicolaus de Graaff, na de vier gedeeltens des Werelds …. pp. 105–6, 110–11.
- ↑ Prakash, Om (2014). The Dutch East India Company and the Economy of Bengal, 1630-1720. p. 130.
- ↑ Khan, S.A. (1927). John Marshall in India. pp. 114–27, 137–44, 154–5.
- ↑ Carré, Abbé (1947). The Travels Of The Abbé Carré In India And The Near East (1672-1674) (trans. Lady Fawcett). p. 233.
- ↑ Fawcett, Sir Charles (1923). The English Factories In India: Vol.1 (New Series) (The Western Presidency) 1670-1677. pp. 257–8.
- ↑ Vink, Markus (2015). Encounters on the Opposite Coast: The Dutch East India Company and the Nayaka State of Madurai in the Seventeenth Century. pp. 260, 290.
- ↑ Bertrand, J. (1850). La Mission du Maduré (Vol. 3). pp. LETTRE DU P. ANDRÉ FREIRE, MISSIONAIRE DU MADURÉ, AU R.P. PAUL OLIVA, GÉNÉRAL DE LA COMPAGNIE DE JÉSUS.
- ↑ Jhaveri, Krishnalal Mohanlal (1938). Milestones In Gujarati Literature (2nd ed.). pp. 124–9.
- ↑ Bhadani, B.L. (1981). Economic Conditions in Marwar in the Second Half of the 17th Century (PhD thesis, 1981). p. 107.
- ↑ Vink, Markus (2015). Encounters on the Opposite Coast: The Dutch East India Company and the Nayaka State of Madurai in the Seventeenth Century. p. 430.
- ↑ Bertrand, J. (1850). La Mission du Maduré (Vol. 3). pp. Lettre du P. André Freire, Missionaire du Maduré, Au R.P. Paul Oliva, Général de la Compagnie de Jésus. Viranam, dans le royaume de Gingi, 1678.
- ↑ Dagh-register Behouden Int Casteel Batavia Anno 1682 (Vol. 1). 1928. pp. 76–7.
- ↑ Bhadani, B.L. (1981). Economic Conditions in Marwar in the Second Half of the 17th Century (PhD thesis, 1981). p. 108.
- ↑ Etheridge, A.T. (1868). Report on Past Famines in the Bombay Presidency. p. 63.
- ↑ Khan, Ali Muhammad (1965). Mirat-i-Ahmadi: A Persian History of Gujarat (trans. M.F. Lokhandwala). pp. 268–9.
- ↑ Koul, Pandir Anand (1925). Geography Of The Jammu And Kashmir State (2nd ed.). p. 105.
- ↑ Letters to Fort St. George, 1684-1685 (Vol. 3). 1917. pp. 47, 164, 166, 198, 201, 226, 236.
- ↑ A History of Gujarat: Vol. II. The Mughal Period from 1573 to 1758. 1957. p. 188.
- ↑ Bengal and Madras papers. Vol. I: 1670-1688. 1928. pp. letter from Company agent at Hugly to Fort St. George, 20 Nov 1685.
- ↑ Khan, Ali Muhammad (1965). Mirat-i-Ahmadi: A Persian History of Gujarat (trans. M.F. Lokhandwala). pp. 275–6.
- ↑ Martin, François (1932). Mémoires de François Martin ... (Vol. 2). pp. 411, 448.
- ↑ Gabelé, Yvonne Robert (1937). Une Parisienne aux Indes au 18e siècle (Madame François Martin). pp. 67–9.
- ↑ Bertrand, J. (1850). La Mission du Madure (Vol. 3). pp. LETTRE DU P. LOUIS DE MELLO AU R.P. DE NOYELLE, GÉNÉRAL DE LA COMPAGNIE DE JÉSUS 1686.
- ↑ Love, Henry Davidson (1913). Vestiges of Old Madras, 1640-1800 (Vol. 1). p. 478.
- ↑ Love, Henry Davidson (1913). Vestiges of Old Madras, 1640-1800 (Vol. 3). p. 409.
- ↑ Bengal and Madras papers. Vol. I: 1670-1688. 1928. pp. letter from Fort St. George to Company agent at Hugly, 26 Aug 1686, letter from Fort St. George to Company Presidency at Surat, 23 Oct 1686.
- ↑ "Oprechte Haerlemsche courant". 5 June 1687.
- ↑ Kincaid, C.A.; Parasnis, D.B. (1931). A History of the Maratha People (2nd ed.). pp. 130–1.
- ↑ Haig, T. Wolseley (1935). The Cambridge Shorter History of India (Vol. 2). p. 443.
- ↑ Elliot, Sir H.M. (1877). The history of India, as told by its own historians. The Muhammadan period (Vol. 7). p. 328.
- ↑ Love, Henry Davidson (1913). Vestiges of Old Madras, 1640-1800 (Vol. 3). p. 558.
- ↑ Records of Fort St. George: Diary and Consultation Book of 1687. 1916. pp. 13, 45, 86, 90, 108, 114, 119–20, 137, 149, 185.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Anthony, Francis Cyril (1982). Gazetteer of India: Union Territory of Pondicherry. p. 539.
- ↑ Martin, François (1932). Mémoires de François Martin (Vol. 2). pp. 460, 471, 484–5, 491, 497, 500, 505.
- ↑ Love, Henry Davidson (1913). Vestiges of Old Madras, 1640-1800 (Vol. 1). pp. 478–9.
- ↑ "London Gazette". 23–26 July 1688.
- ↑ "Oprechte Haerlemsche courant". 10 August 1688.
- ↑ Bengal and Madras papers. Vol. I: 1670-1688. 1928. pp. letter from Fort St. George to Company officers in Bengal, 26 Apr 1688, letter from Fort St. George to Company agent at Hugly, 6 Jun 1688, letter from Company officers at Chutanuttee to Fort St. George, 27 Jun 1688.
- ↑ Vink, Markus (2015). Encounters on the Opposite Coast: The Dutch East India Company and the Nayaka State of Madurai in the Seventeenth Century. p. 291.
- ↑ Jørgensen, Helle (2013). "Slavehandel i den dansk-indiske kolonihistorie".
- ↑ Bengal & Madras papers. Vol. II: 1688-1757. 1928. pp. 1, 3.
- ↑ Bruce, John (1810). Annals of the Honorable East-India Company (Vol. 2). pp. 656–7.
- ↑ Ramaswamy, Vijaya (1980). Weaver communities in Medieval South India. p. 371.
- 1 2 Elliot, Sir H.M. (1877). The history of India, as told by its own historians. The Muhammadan period (Vol. 8). p. 36.
- ↑ Loveday, A (1914). The history & economics of Indian famines. pp. 26–7, 141.
- ↑ Sarkar, Sir Jadunath (1929). History Of Aurangzib (Vol. 4). pp. 439–40, 449–50.
- ↑ Khan, Saqi Must'ad (1947). Maasir-i-Alamgiri (trans. Sir Jadunath Sarkar). pp. 178, 199.
- ↑ Griffin, Lepel H. (1870). The Rajas of the Punjab. p. 637.
- ↑ Venkatachalam, Pandit Kota (1955). Chronology of Kashmir History Reconstructed. p. 114.
- ↑ Mirat-i-Ahmadi: A Persian History of Gujarat (trans. M.F. Lokhandwala). 1965. p. 290.
- ↑ Vink, Markus (291). Encounters on the Opposite Coast: The Dutch East India Company and the Nayaka State of Madurai in the Seventeenth Century.
- ↑ The early annals of the English in Bengal, being the Bengal public consultations … (Vol. 1). 1895. p. 401.
- ↑ Ramaswamy, Vijaya (1980). Weaver communities in Medieval South India ... p. 376.
- ↑ A History of Gujarat: Vol. II. The Mughal Period from 1573 to 1758. 1957. p. 188.
- ↑ Gupta, Satya Prakash (1986). The Agrarian System of Eastern Rajasthan: c.1650-c.1750. pp. 138–9.
- ↑ Bhadani, B.L. (1981). Economic Conditions in Marwar in the Second Half of the 17th Century. pp. 108–9.
- ↑ Jawalia, B M; Choudhary, S L; Nene, Y L (2001). "Food Security in Rajasthan with Specific Reference to the Marwar Region During the 17th and 18th Centuries". Asian Agri-History. 1: 279–80.
- ↑ Khan, Saqi Must'ad (1947). Maasir-i-Alamgiri (trans. Sir. Jadunath Sarkar). pp. 250–1, 257.
- ↑ Manucci, Niccolao (1908). Storia Do Mogor (trans. William Irvine) (Vol. 4). p. 97.
- ↑ Habib, Irfan (1999). The Agrarian System of Mughal India (1556-1707). p. 121.
- ↑ Khan, Saqi Must'ad (1947). Maasir-i-Alamgiri (trans. Sir Jadunath Sarkar). pp. 282–3.
- ↑ Chandra, Satish (1993). Mughal Religious Policies, the Rajputs & the Deccan. p. 203.
- ↑ Etheridge, A.T. (1868). Report on Past Famines in the Bombay Presidency. p. 18.
- ↑ Dakhan, Haidarabad (1884). Gazetteer of Aurangabad. p. 421.
- ↑ Bhadani, B.L. (1981). Economic Conditions in Marwar in the Second Half of the 17th Century. p. 109.
- ↑ Records of Fort St. George: Despatches to England 1701-02 to 1710-11. 1925. pp. 97, 103, 118, 136.
- ↑ Procès-verbaux des délibérations du Conseil souverain de la Compagnie des Indes (Vol. 1). 1911. pp. 74–5, 84.
- ↑ Lettres édifiantes et curieuses, écrites des missions étrangères (Vol. 6). 1819. pp. 383–4.
- ↑ Klausen, Henrik Nikolai (1878). Det Evangeliske Kirkelivs, Nutid og Fremtid (Vol. 1). p. 304.
- ↑ Diary and Consultation Book 1710. 1929. pp. 51, 131.
- ↑ The early annals of the English in Bengal, being the Bengal public consultations … (Vol. 1). 1895. pp. 333–4, 340.
- ↑ The Early Annals of the English in Bengal, being the Bengal public consultations … (Vol. 2, Pt. 1). 1900. pp. 15, 35–6, 41.
- 1 2 Kachhawha, O.P. (1985). Famines In Rajasthan. p. 26.
- ↑ Fort St. George "Diary and Consultation Book, 1711". 1929. pp. 9, 11, 18, 51, 140, 185, 216–17.
- ↑ Procès-verbaux des délibérations du Conseil souverain de la Compagnie des Indes (Vol. 1). 1911. pp. 109, 114.
- ↑ Morison, Theodore (1911). The economic transition in India. p. 113.
- 1 2 Report of the Fact Finding Committee for Survey of Scarcity Areas, Maharashtra State (Vol. 1). 1973. p. 6.
- ↑ Fort St. George "Diary and Consultation Book, 1718". 1929. pp. 2, 5, 7, 18, 29, 33, 36, 38, 41, 56, 62, 91, 115, 123, 128, 130, 134, 141, 171–2, 178, 183, 195, 200, 203.
- ↑ Fort St. George "Diary and Consultation Book, 1720". 1930. pp. 48, 51, 95, 171.
- ↑ Bertrand, J. (1854). La Mission du Maduré (Vol. 4). pp. Lettre du P. Charles-Michel Bertholdi, Missionaire du Maduré, Au R.P. Michel-Ange Tamburini, Général de la Compagnie de Jésus. Aout, 1720.
- ↑ Subramanian, K.R. Maratha Rajas Of Tanjore. p. 38.
- ↑ Morison, Theodore (1911). The economic transition in India. pp. 113–4.
- ↑ Lettres édifiantes et curieuses, écrites des missions étrangères (Vol. 7). 1819. p. 252.
- ↑ Etheridge, A.T. (1868). Report on Past Famines in the Bombay Presidency. pp. 40, 63–4.
- ↑ Khan, Ali Muhammad (1965). Mirat-i-Ahmadi: A Persian History of Gujarat (trans. M.F. Lokhandwala). p. 383.
- ↑ A History of Gujarat: Vol. II. The Mughal Period from 1573 to 1758. 1957. p. 394.
- ↑ Hondt, Pierre de (1755). Histoire Générale des Voyages .. (Vol. 130. p. 470.
- 1 2 Koul, Pandit Anand (1925). Geography Of The Jammu And Kashmir State (2nd ed.). p. 105.
- ↑ Fort St. George "Diary and Consultation Book, 1723". 1930. p. 7.
- ↑ Fort St. George "Diary and Consultation Book, 1727". 1930. pp. 21, 153, 161, 183–5.
- ↑ Correspondance du Conseil Supérieur de Pondichery et de la Compagnie ... 1726-1730 (Vol. 1). 1920. pp. 80, 194, 334.
- ↑ Logan, William (1951). "Malabar" (Vol. 1). p. 215.
- ↑ Procès-verbaux des délibérations du Conseil souverain de la Compagnie des Indes (Vol. 2). 1914. pp. 165, 189–90, 193, 199–200.
- ↑ Pillai, A.R. (1928). The Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai: Translated From the Tamil ... (Vol. 12). pp. 272–3.
- ↑ Gnanapragasam, V.M. (1965). Contribution of Fr. Beschi to Tamil. pp. 41–2.
- ↑ Hondt, Pierre de (1755). Histoire Générale des Voyages ... (Vol. 13). p. 474.
- ↑ Morison, Theodore (1911). The economic transition in India. pp. 114–5.
- ↑ Fort St. George "Diary and Consultation Book, 1729". 1930. pp. 18, 63, 67, 81, 97, 119.
- ↑ Procès-verbaux des délibérations du Conseil souverain de la Compagnie des Indes (Vol. 2). 1914. pp. 223, 228.
- ↑ Correspondance du Conseil Supérieur de Pondichery et de la Compagnie ... 1726-1730 (Vol. 1). 1920. pp. 336, 340.
- ↑ Suite de l'Histoire Générale des Voyages ... (Vol. 17). Arkstée & Merkus. 1761. p. 348.
- ↑ Punjab District Gazetteers: Ludhiana District, Part A. 1907. p. 167.
- 1 2 3 Morison, Theodore (1911). The economic transition in India. p. 115.
- ↑ Fort St. George "Diary and Consultation Book, 1731". 1930. p. 96.
- ↑ Khan, Ali Muhammad (1965). Mirat-i-Ahmadi: A Persian History of Gujarat (trans. M.F. Lokhandwala). p. 494.
- ↑ Jhaveri, Krishnalal Mohanlal (1938). Milestones In Gujarati Literature (2nd ed.). pp. 204–5.
- ↑ Reu, Pandit Bisheshwar Nath (1943). Glories Of Marwar and the Glorious Rathors. p. 162.
- ↑ Parihar, G.R. (1968). Marwar and the Marathas (1724-1843 A.D.). p. 47.
- ↑ "London Evening Post". 12–15 August 1732.
- ↑ Watson, J.W. (1886). History Of Gujarat … A.D. 1297 – 1760. p. 91.
- ↑ Fort St. George "Diary and Consultation Book, 1733". 1930. pp. 15, 25, 33, 47, 50, 76–7, 104, 141, 149, 154, 170, 180, 189.
- ↑ Love, Henry Davidson (1913). Vestiges of Old Madras, 1640-1800 (Vol. 2). p. 252.
- ↑ Gnanapragasam, V.M. (1965). Contribution of Fr. Beschi to Tamil. pp. 45–6.
- ↑ du Hondt, Pierre (1755). Histoire Générale des Voyages ... (Vol. 13). pp. 489–90.
- ↑ Procès-verbaux des délibérations du Conseil souverain de la Compagnie des Indes (Vol. 3). 1914. p. 24.
- ↑ Correspondance du Conseil Supérieur de Pondichéry et de la Compagnie ... 1736-1738 (Vol. 2). 1920. p. 185.
- ↑ Lettres édifiantes et curieuses, écrites des missions étrangères (Vol. 8). 1835. p. 329.
- ↑ Love, Henry Davidson (1913). Vestiges of Old Madras, 1640-1800 (Vol. 3). pp. 409, 558.
- ↑ Procès-verbaux des délibérations du Conseil souverain de la Compagnie des Indes (Vol. 3). 1914. pp. 70, 89, 95, 109–10.
- ↑ Lettres édifiantes et curieuses, écrites des missions étrangères (Vol. 8). 1835. pp. 105, 329.
- ↑ Love, Henry Davidson (1913). Vestiges of Old Madras, 1640-1800 (Vol. 2). p. 252.
- ↑ Fort St. George "Diary and Consultation Book, 1737". 1930. pp. 5, 12, 84, 88, 122, 131, 140, 180.
- ↑ Sarkar, Sir Jadunath (1964). Fall of the Mughal Empire (Vol. 1). p. 169.
- ↑ Fort St. George "Diary and Consultation Book, 1738". 1930. pp. 47, 52, 96, 136.
- ↑ Procès-verbaux des délibérations du Conseil souverain de la Compagnie des Indes (Vol. 3). 1914. pp. 133–35, 174.
- ↑ Correspondance du Conseil Supérieur de Pondichéry et de la Compagnie ... 1736-1738 (Vol. 2). 1920. pp. 144, 209.
- ↑ Pillai, A.R. (1904). Private diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai : dubash to Joseph François Dupleix ... 1736 to 1761 (Vol. 1). p. 67.
- ↑ Old Fort William in Bengal; a selection of official documents dealing with its history (Vol. 1). 1906. pp. 169. Extract from Abstract of General Letter from Bengal to the Court. Fort William, January 29, 1739.
- ↑ Girdlestone, C.E.R (1868). Report on Past Famines in the North-Western Provinces. p. 6.
- ↑ Hanway, Jonas (1753). The Revolutions Of Persia (Vol. 2). pp. 172, 189, 197–8.
- ↑ Fort St. George, "Public Consultations, 1741". 1916. pp. 13, 80, 163.
- ↑ Correspondance du Conseil Supérieur de Pondichéry et de la Compagnie ... 1739-1742 (Vol. 3). 1921. pp. 338, 393.
- ↑ Malleson, G.B. (1909). History of the French in India: from the founding of Pondichery in 1674 to the capture of that place in 1761. pp. 96, 103.
- ↑ Khan, Ali Muhammad (1965). Mirat-i-Ahmadi: A Persian History of Gujarat (trans. M.F. Lokhandwala). p. 616.
- ↑ Koul, Pandit Anand (1925). Geography Of The Jammu And Kashmir State. pp. 102, 105–6.
- ↑ Dhar, D.N. (1989). Socio-economic History of Kashmir Peasantry. p. 50.
- ↑ Fazili, Mohammad Ashraf (2014). "Kashmir Floods: A Chronology".
- 1 2 Etheridge, A.T. (1868). Report on Past Famines in the Bombay Presidency. p. 19.
- ↑ Etheridge, A.T. (1868). Report on Past Famines in the Bombay Presidency. pp. 26, 32, 40, 53, 58, 60, 64.
- ↑ Khan, Ali Muhammad (1965). Mirat-i-Ahmadi: A Persian History of Gujarat (trans. M.F. Lokhandwala). pp. 697–8.
- ↑ "A History of Gujarat: Vol. II. The Mughal Period from 1573 to 1758. 1957. p. 495.
- ↑ Morison, Theodore (1911). The economic transition in India. pp. 115–16.
- ↑ Rogers, Alexander (1892). The land revenue of Bombay; a history of its administration … (Vol. 1). p. 57.
- ↑ Sarkar, Sir Jadunath (1964). Fall of the Mughal Empire (Vol. 1). pp. 177, 179.
- ↑ Pillai, A.R. (1914). Private diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai : dubash to Joseph François Dupleix ... 1736 to 1761 (Vol. 3). p. 244.
- ↑ Pillai, A.R. (1916). The Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai: Translated From the Tamil ... (Vol. 4). pp. 128, 131–2, 147, 174.
- ↑ Dodwell, Henry (1920). Calendar Of The Madras Despatches 1744-1755. pp. 39, 49.
- ↑ Kelsall, John (1872). Manual of the Bellary District. p. 73.
- ↑ Tieffenthaler, Père J. (1786). Description historique et géographique de l'Inde ... (Vol. 1). p. 384.
- ↑ Haryana District Gazetteers: Rohtak. 1970. p. 100.
- ↑ Gupta, Hari Ram (1944). Studies In Later Mughal History Of The Punjab 1707 To 1793. p. 193.
- 1 2 Koul, Pandit Anand (1925). Geography Of The Jammu And Kashmir State. p. 106.
- ↑ Sufi, G.M.D. (1948). Kashir: Being a History of Kashmir … (Vol. 1). p. 310.
- ↑ Fort St. George, "Diary and Consultation Book (Public Department), 1755". 1942. pp. 1, 26, 92, 185, 201, 255, 332.
- ↑ Correspondance du Conseil supérieur de Pondichéry et de la Compagnie ... 1755-1759 (Vol. 5). p. 48.
- ↑ Pillai, A.R. (1925). A.R. Pillai "The Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai: Translated From the Tamil ... (Vol. 10). p. 1.
- ↑ Manikandan, S. (2013). Contest for Power and Legitimacy: Little Kingdoms of Southern Tamil Country during the Eighteenth Century.
- ↑ Etheridge, A.T. (1868). Report on Past Famines in the Bombay Presidency. p. 32.
- ↑ Parihar, G.R. (1968). Marwar and the Marathas (1724-1843 A.D.). p. 88.
- ↑ Kelsall, John (1872). Manual of the Bellary District. p. 142.
- ↑ Etheridge, A.T. (1868). Report on Past Famines in the Bombay Presidency. p. 26.
- ↑ Gupta, Hari Ram (December 1940). "Adina Beg Khan". Journal of the Punjab University Historical Society. 6: 64.
- ↑ Punjab District Gazetteers: Lahore District, A. 1916. pp. 170–1.
- ↑ Punjab District Gazetteers Vol.ii A. Hissar District And Lohar State. 1904. p. 73.
- ↑ Punjab District Gazetteers: Jullundur District, Part A. 1904. p. 227.
- ↑ Etheridge, A.T. (1868). Report on Past Famines in the Bombay Presidency. pp. 17, 41, 64.
- ↑ Pillai, A.R. (1927). A.R. Pillai "The Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai: Translated From the Tamil .. (Vol. 11). pp. 446–7.
- ↑ Pillai, A.R. (1928). The Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai: Translated From the Tamil ...(Vol. 12). p. 36.
- ↑ Calendar Of Persian Correspondence (Vol. 1). 1911. pp. 110, 116.
- ↑ Long, James (1869). Selections from unpublished records of government ... Bengal (Vol. 1). p. 255.
- ↑ Reports from Committees of the House of Commons, Volume 3. p. 253.
- ↑ "The First Protestant Missionary to Bengal". The Calcutta Review: 155. January–June 1847.
- ↑ Erskine, K.D. (1912). Provincial Gazetteers Of India: Rajputana, Jaisalmer State. p. 104.
- ↑ Kumar, Mayank (2008). "Situating the Environment: Settlement, Irrigation and Agriculture in Pre-colonial Rajasthan". Studies in History. 24: 227. doi:10.1177/025764300902400204. S2CID 55528641.
- ↑ Punjab District Gazetteers: Multan District, Part A. 1926. pp. 279–80.
- ↑ Tod, James (1920). Annals and antiquities of Rajasthan (Vol. 1). p. 497.