 | This article relies largely or entirely on a single source .(February 2016) |
 | |
 Tiraspol Railway station - the biggest in Transnistria | |
| Overview | |
|---|---|
| Headquarters | Tiraspol |
| Locale |  Transnistria |
| Dates of operation | 2004– |
| Predecessor | Moldovan Railways |
| Technical | |
| Track gauge | 1,520 mm (4 ft 11+27⁄32 in) |
| Other | |
| Website | pjdpmr.com |
Transnistrian Railway is the operator of railways in Transnistria.
The first railway line on the territory of Transnistria was built in 1867 from Kuchurgan station to station Tiraspol, and in 1871 to Chisinau.
In early November 1877, the line was opened for military communication, Bendera-Galati railway with a length of 305 km (190 mi).
In August 1894 started operation the section from Rîbnița to Park station with a bridge over the Dniester and the 165-metre (541 ft) tunnel on the stretch Lipcani—Matteuci.
In June 1917 locomotive depot Bender had 253 locomotives and was the largest in the South-Western railway. From the first days of the Great Patriotic war, the road has become the frontline, was the main traffic artery in the area of hostilities. The road was used for the evacuation of industrial enterprises, terrorists were getting to the front line troops and ammunition. Track on main directions adjusted three times: in July 1940, the gauge of 1,524 mm (5 ft 0 in), in August 1941 to gauge 1,435 mm (4 ft 8.5 in), from may until the end of 1944 back on track 1,524 mm (5 ft 0 in). During the war, was destroyed 20% top, 30 station tracks, 50% of the travel buildings, major bridges on the Dniester and Prut rivers, dismantled and removed 100 km (62 mi) of rail track, 90% of machining equipment, 30% of communication lines, etc. [1]
From 1939 to 1997 operated narrow gauge railroad stove — Papelucho. In 1999 it was dismantled. In 1946–50, restoration and modernization of the railway of Moldova was spent 3 billion rubles from the Federal budget. It was built more than 600 objects, made more than 1 million m3 of earthworks, stacked 1.7 million m3 of building materials, more than 650 thousand sleepers, the operational length reached 1,020 km (630 mi) in 1948 the all-Union level was reached the speed of trains. From 1953 to 1979 was merged with the Odessa Railways and was called the Odessa-Kishinev railroad. In 1991 began the electrification of Railways Rozdilna (Ukraine) — Kuchurgan (Ukraine) — Tiraspol — Bender, because of the war in Transnistria, it was discontinued. Currently works only in Ukrainian (up to Kuchurgan) part of the contact network (though in Tiraspol are unequipped supports with hard crossbars).
In August 2004, in connection with the aggravation of relations between Moldova and the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic was last created state unitary enterprise "Transnistrian Railway" (the station Tiraspol, Bender and Rîbnița), which withdrew from the Moldovan Railways. [1]
In 1995, the main means of transportation in Moldova were railways and a highway system. The major railway junctions are Chișinău, Bender, Ungheni, Ocnița, Bălți, and Basarabeasca. Primary external rail links connect the republic's network with Odessa on the Black Sea and with the Romanian cities of Iași and Galați; they also lead northward into Ukraine. Highways link Moldova's main cities and provide the chief means of transportation within the country, but roads are in poor repair. The country's major airport is in Chișinău.
Tiraspol is the capital of Transnistria, a breakaway state in Moldova, where it is the second largest city. The city is located on the eastern bank of the Dniester River. Tiraspol is a regional hub of light industry, such as furniture and electrical goods production.
Transnistria, officially the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR), is an unrecognised breakaway state that is internationally recognised as part of Moldova. Transnistria controls most of the narrow strip of land between the Dniester river and the Moldovan–Ukrainian border, as well as some land on the other side of the river's bank. Its capital and largest city is Tiraspol. Transnistria has been recognised only by three other unrecognised or partially recognised breakaway states: Abkhazia, Artsakh and South Ossetia. Transnistria is officially designated by the Republic of Moldova as the Administrative-Territorial Units of the Left Bank of the Dniester or as Stînga Nistrului under Russian military occupation.
Bender or Bendery, also known as Tighina, is a city within the internationally recognized borders of Moldova under de facto control of the unrecognized Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (Transnistria) (PMR) since 1992. It is located on the western bank of the river Dniester in the Romanian historical region of Bessarabia.
According to the Moldovan law on territorial administrative organisation, Moldova is divided administratively into the following administrative territorial units: districts, cities/towns and villages. The administrative territorial organization of Moldova is made on 2 levels:
The Transnistria War was an armed conflict that broke out on 2 November 1990 in Dubăsari between pro-Transnistria forces, including the Transnistrian Republican Guard, militia and neo-Cossack units, and pro-Moldovan forces, including Moldovan troops and police.
The Transnistria conflict is an ongoing frozen conflict between Moldova and the unrecognized state of Transnistria. Its most active phase was the Transnistria War, which ended in a Transnistrian victory. There have been several attempts to resolve the conflict, although none have been successful. The conflict may be considered as having started on 2 September 1990, when Transnistria made a formal sovereignty declaration from Moldova.
This is the history of Transnistria, officially the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR), is an unrecognised breakaway state that is internationally recognised as part of Moldova. Transnistria controls most of the narrow strip of land between the Dniester river and the Moldovan–Ukrainian border, as well as some land on the other side of the river's bank. See also the history of Europe.
The Romanian-language schools in Transnistria are subject to limitations by the government of Transnistria, an unrecognized breakaway region of Moldova since 1992.
Currently, the Russian Federation holds an unknown number of soldiers in Transnistria, an unrecognized breakaway state internationally recognized as part of Moldova. This Russian military presence dates back to 1992, when the Soviet 14th Guards Army intervened in the Transnistria War in support of the Transnistrian separatist forces. Following the end of the war, which ended in a Russian-backed Transnistrian victory and in the de facto independence of the region, the Russian forces stayed in a purportedly peacekeeping mission and reorganized in 1995 into the Operational Group of Russian Forces (OGRF), part of which is currently guarding the Cobasna ammunition depot. Today, the Government of Moldova views the presence of these Russian troops as illegitimate and has called for their withdrawal and replacement by international forces. Russia however has opposed this. On 15 March 2022, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe recognized Transnistria as a Moldovan territory occupied by Russia.
The mass media of Transnistria, the breakaway territory within the borders of Moldova, features both state-owned or supported outlets and opposition media. Publications are in Russian, with a single newspaper in each of the other two official languages, Moldovan (Romanian), and Ukrainian.
Doroțcaia is a village in the Dubăsari District, Republic of Moldova, situated on the eastern bank of the River Dniester.
The Pridnestrovian Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic (PMSSR), also commonly known as Soviet Transnistria or simply known as Transnistria, was created on the eastern periphery of the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic (MSSR) in 1990 by pro-Soviet separatists who hoped to remain within the Soviet Union when it became clear that the MSSR would achieve independence from the USSR and possibly unite with Romania. The PMSSR was never recognised as a Soviet republic by the authorities in either Moscow or Chișinău. In 1991, the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic succeeded the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic.
A demographic history of Transnistria shows that Transnistria has been home to numerous ethnic groups, in varying proportions, over time.
This timeline of events is a chronological list of incidents and other notable occurrences related to the War of Transnistria, including events leading up to the war.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Transnistria:
Calea Ferată din Moldova is the sole railway operator in the Republic of Moldova, responsible for passenger and cargo transportation, as well as railway infrastructure maintenance within the country. The total length of the network managed by CFM is 1,232 kilometres (766 mi), of which 1,218 kilometres (757 mi) are 1,520 mm, and 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) are 1,435 mm. The entire network is single track and is not electrified. It borders the Romanian railway network, with a 1,520 mm /1,435 mm break-of-gauge in the west, and the Ukrainian one in the east.
Currently, there are three types of public roads in the Republic of Moldova:
The M4 highway is a road in Transnistria, Moldova. It runs from the south to the north, being 178 km (111 mi) long, and links the Transnistrian capital of Tiraspol with Rîbnița via Dubăsari, reaching the border with Ukraine at Hristovaia, where it merges with the Ukrainian local road T0225. Running along the left bank of the Dniester for most of its length, it is the only road with magistral road status that does not start nor pass through the Moldovan capital of Chișinău.
The M14 highway, sometimes referred to as the M5, is the longest road in Moldova, with a length of 370 km (230 mi) running from the north to the south-east. Having national road status, it is also one of the most important routes as it provides access to the three largest cities of Moldova within its internationally recognized borders: Chișinău, Tiraspol and Bălți. It forms part of the European routes E58, E581 and E583 of the International E-road network.