Tucker Sno-Cat

Last updated
A Sno-Cat at Rothera on Adelaide Island off Antarctica IMG 0315-snocat.jpg
A Sno-Cat at Rothera on Adelaide Island off Antarctica

The Tucker Sno-Cat is a family of tracked vehicles for snow conditions, manufactured in Medford, Oregon by the company of the same name.

Contents

Different models have been used for expeditions in the Arctic and the Antarctic during the second half of the 20th century. It differs from other truck-sized snow vehicles, commonly known as snowcats, by its use of four independently mounted sets of tracks.

Early models

1949 dual-ski, dual-track Tucker Sno-Cat 1949-Tucker-Sno-Cat.jpg
1949 dual-ski, dual-track Tucker Sno-Cat
Curved-door Tucker Kitten variant Tucker-Kitten-Variants.jpg
Curved-door Tucker Kitten variant

While the majority of Tucker Sno-Cats utilized four sets of tracks, a few experimental models and early production models used two sets of tracks. Initially Tucker Sno-Cats employed two front-mounted steering skis and two sets of tracks mounted to the rear. However, there are at least three production models that only employed dual tracks—the small 222 Tucker Kitten, the 322, and the 323 models were all two-track Tucker Sno-Cats with a conventional front engine design. There are at least two variants of the Tucker Kitten, some have square corner doors while others have rounded corner doors. The Kitten was powered by a 10 hp engine. Additionally there was at least one prototype featuring two tracks and a mid-engine design.

Rare dual-track Tucker 323 Sno-Cat Allan's-Tucker-323.jpg
Rare dual-track Tucker 323 Sno-Cat
Restored 1967 Tucker Model 342 1967-342.jpg
Restored 1967 Tucker Model 342

The more common four track Tucker Sno-Cats are considered to be the classic Sno-Cats in American history and have been used extensively in both polar regions for exploration, as well as for transportation, trail grooming and industrial applications. The body style could be configured in many ways and sedan styles, enclosed cargo styles and open bed configurations were all available. Model numbers designated the configuration of the unit, for example a Model 342 was a "300" series, four-track, two-door Tucker Sno-Cat. A Model 443 would be a "400" series, four-track, three-door unit. In the early models, there were ultimately series 200 through 900, with the higher numbers being larger units. The 500 series Tuckers employed extra wide tracks which allowed them to carry heavy loads in very deep soft snow conditions. The early model Tucker Sno-Cats all utilized a unique steel track that revolved around a steel pontoon, the steel pontoons were eventually replaced by fiberglass pontoons. As the models evolved, the steel tracks were replaced with a suspension system that employed rubber belts that were carried by a series of small wheels. Fastened to the exterior of the rubber belts are cleats, also called grousers, made of metal, to offer traction on the snow.

Historical competitors

While Tucker is still in business, its early competitors have not fared well in the face of competition. Other notable players in the North American snowcat market included Thiokol, Bombardier, KRISTI snowcat, Foremost, [1] [2] and Swedish manufacturer Aktiv Snow Trac. All the historical competitors to Tucker Sno-Cat made two-track snowcats.

Thiokol of Utah sold its ski-lift and snowcat operations in 1978, with John Z DeLorean purchasing the snowcat division, and changed its name to DMC. DMC later was bought out by its management team and renamed Logan Machine Company more commonly known as LMC. LMC ceased production in 2000. Thiokol's Imp, Super-Imp and Spryte were most its popular products were continued by DMC and LMC and were commercial successes but could not support the entire company. Many of these models are still in use today in the commercial market and are popular as privately owned snowcats.

KRISTI snowcat had a limited production of 2 track snowcats between 1956 and 1968 in Colorado, it was purchased by a group of Boeing engineers and moved to Washington where it ceased production in the early 1970s with a total production reported to be less than 180 units. Aktiv Snow Trac ceased production in 1982 when its engine supplier (Volkswagen) ceased production of its air-cooled engines in Europe. A majority of the more than 2,200 Snow Tracs made were imported to Canada and the United States, mostly by Canadian utilities and U.S. governmental agencies; the Snow Trac is still in common use in private ownership and to a lesser degree in commerce.

Bombardier still continues in business but has radically altered its business model and product selection. Bombardier sold over 3,000 of its popular snow bus models which are still in use today and in popular demand by dedicated collectors. Bombardier sold its snow groomer business to Camoplast in 2004 who in turn sold to it to Leitner Group/Prinoth in 2005.

Track design evolution

Tucker Sno-Cats were originally built with a steel track that rotates around a steel pontoon. Located at the top center of the pontoon is a drive sprocket with teeth that drive the chain-like tracks around the steel pontoon. Due to maintenance issues with rust on the steel pontoons, fiberglass pontoons eventually replaced some steel parts but the overall mechanism was basically unchanged.

Steel tracks revolving around pontoons were replaced with a system that employed two rubber belts with metal cleats, or grousers, attached to the outside perimeter to grip the snow. A series of wheels and guides were used inside the belts. Two drive sprockets on a hub drive the rubber belted track. The most modern version of the Sno-Cat track is the all-rubber Terra Track system. This system uses a wide single rubber belt, constructed with a multi-ply design similar to a modern car tire. The exterior perimeter employs molded rubber treads instead of the steel grousers of prior models.

Modern competitors and uses

The Tucker Sno-Cat has many modern competitors fighting for the grooming business at ski-resorts and snowmobile clubs as trail groomers., [3] Kässbohrer Geländefahrzeug/Pisten Bully, Prinoth, VMC/UTV International, Scot-Trac as well as Sure Trac [4] agricultural tractor conversions for snow grooming. Tucker Sno-Cats also builds machines for passenger transport in Arctic regions. The Sno-Cat product range also includes industrial machines for many industries, including fire suppression, drilling and crane operations.

Antarctic exploration

Expedition Sno-Cat on display in the Canterbury Museum in Christchurch, New Zealand Tucker sno-cat.jpg
Expedition Sno-Cat on display in the Canterbury Museum in Christchurch, New Zealand

English explorer Sir Vivian Fuchs championed the first Trans-Antarctic expedition, and utilized four specially prepared Tucker Sno-Cats. Tucker Sno-Cats are still considered a premier extreme condition vehicle,[ citation needed ] and are still in use in both the Arctic and Antarctic regions. Of the three Tucker Sno-Cats that traveled to the South Pole, door-code 'A' is on display in the Antarctic section of the Canterbury Museum in Christchurch, New Zealand. Door-code 'B' is on display at the Antique Gas and Steam Engine Museum in Vista, California, United States. Door-code 'C' was returned to the UK, and is currently displayed in the Science Museum at Wroughton, and is currently only viewable via appointment at this location. [5] The fate of the fourth Tucker Sno-Cat door-code 'D' is unknown, and may still be in the vicinity of Shackleton Base.

An image of Tucker Sno-Cat door-code 'B' spanning a crevasse is included in the Voyager Golden Record as image #108.

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Continuous track</span> System of vehicle propulsion

Continuous track or tracked treads are a system of vehicle propulsion used in tracked vehicles, running on a continuous band of treads or track plates driven by two or more wheels. The large surface area of the tracks distributes the weight of the vehicle better than steel or rubber tyres on an equivalent vehicle, enabling continuous tracked vehicles to traverse soft ground with less likelihood of becoming stuck due to sinking.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Snowmobile</span> Land vehicle designed for travel on snow

A snowmobile, also known as a snowmachine, motor sled, motor sledge, skimobile, or snow scooter, is a motorized vehicle designed for winter travel and recreation on snow. It is designed to be operated on snow and ice and does not require a road or trail, but most are driven on open terrain or trails. Snowmobiling is a sport that many people have taken on as a serious hobby. Common brand names in the United States include Arctic Cat, Polaris Inc. and Ski-Doo.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bombardier Recreational Products</span> Canadian manufacturer of recreational vehicles

BRP Inc. is the holding company for Bombardier Recreational Products Inc., operating as BRP, a Canadian manufacturer of snowmobiles, all-terrain vehicles, side by sides, motorcycles, and personal watercraft. It was founded in 2003, when the Recreational Products Division of Bombardier Inc. was spun off and sold to a group of investors consisting of Bain Capital, the Bombardier-Beaudoin family and the Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec. Bombardier Inc., was founded in 1942 as L'Auto-Neige Bombardier Limitée by Joseph-Armand Bombardier at Valcourt in the Eastern Townships, Quebec.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">DMC DeLorean</span> 1980s automobile

The DMC DeLorean is a rear-engine two-passenger sports car manufactured and marketed by John DeLorean's DeLorean Motor Company (DMC) for the American market from 1981 until 1983—ultimately the only car brought to market by the fledgling company. The DeLorean is sometimes referred to by its internal DMC pre-production designation, DMC-12. However, the DMC-12 name was never used in sales or marketing materials for the production model.

Thiokol was an American corporation concerned initially with rubber and related chemicals, and later with rocket and missile propulsion systems. Its name is a portmanteau of the Greek words for sulfur and glue, an allusion to the company's initial product, Thiokol polymer.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Snowcat</span> Enclosed-cab, truck-sized, fully tracked vehicle designed to move on snow

A snowcat is an enclosed-cab, truck-sized, fully tracked vehicle designed to move on snow. Major manufacturers are PistenBully (Germany), Prinoth (Italy) and Tucker.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ford Explorer Sport Trac</span> American pickup truck produced 2000–2010

The Ford Explorer Sport Trac is a pickup truck that was manufactured and marketed by Ford Motor Company for the North American market. The first mid-sized pickup truck produced by Ford, the Sport Trac was marketed from the 2001 to the 2010 model years. Sized between the Ranger and the F-150, the Sport Trac largely competed against crew-cab variants of the midsize Chevrolet Colorado/GMC Canyon, Dodge Dakota, Nissan Frontier, and Toyota Tacoma.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Operación 90</span> 1965 operation of the Argentine Army to cement claims on Antarctica

Operación 90 was the first Argentine ground expedition to the South Pole, conducted in 1965, by ten soldiers of the Argentine Army under then-Colonel Jorge Edgar Leal. It was performed to attempt to cement Argentina's claims to a portion of Antarctica, as well as for scientific reasons and to perfect polar exploration techniques. The operation was named after the target: 90 degree South latitude point. It has been described as the only documented military land maneuver on Antarctic territory since the 1959 Antarctic Treaty came into effect.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Snow grooming</span> Snow trail compaction

Snow grooming is the process of manipulating snow for recreational uses with a tractor, snowmobile, piste caterpillar, truck or snowcat towing specialized equipment. The process is used to maintain ski hills, cross-country ski trails and snowmobile trails by grooming the snow on them. A variation of the technique is used to construct snow runways in Antarctica.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Snow coach</span>

A snow coach is a specialized passenger transport vehicle designed to operate over snow or ice, similar to a large, multi-passenger snowcat equipped with bus-style seating. These vehicles may have multiple sets of massive, low-pressure tires, or they may have tracks. Snow coaches may seat ten or more passengers and are often used for sightseeing tours or over-snow transportation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aktiv Grizzly</span>

The Aktiv Grizzly was a dual-track snowmobile made by Aktiv Maskin Östersund AB in Sweden from 1979 to 1991. The Grizzly is still recognized one of the best dual track snowmobiles in the world. The snowmobile's tracks covered almost one square meter, making it well suited for use in deep snow. Similar dual-track snowmobiles include Bombardiers Ski-Doo Alpine, Ski-Doo Alpine 2 and Ockelbo 8000. Currently two dual-track snowmobile are in production, one in Russia under the name "Buran" and one in Italy, "Alpina Sherpa".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Antarctic Snow Cruiser</span> Vehicle intended to facilitate transport in Antarctica

The Antarctic Snow Cruiser was a vehicle designed (1937–39) under the direction of Thomas Poulter, intended to facilitate transport in Antarctica during the United States Antarctic Service Expedition (1939–41). The Snow Cruiser was also known as "The Penguin," "Penguin 1" or "Turtle" in some published material.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Snow Trac</span> Small Swedish snowcat

The Snow Trac is a small personal Snowcat that is roughly the size of a modern compact car.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kristi Company</span> Vehicle designed for snowy terrain

Kristi snowcats were 1950s/1960s tracked vehicles suitable for snow and other terrain and produced originally in Colorado and then later in Washington.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Logan Machine Company</span> Former American snowcat manufacturer

Logan Manufacturing Company was a US manufacturer of snowcats that ceased operation in 2000. LMC is both the tradename and an acronym.

Sno-Jet was a brand of snowmobile first produced in Quebec, Canada in 1965. They quickly proved popular and grew to be one of the highest-selling lines of snowmobiles until the early 1970s, helping usher the then-new sport of snowmobiling into Canada and the United States. The Glastron Boat Company acquired Sno-Jet in 1968. The company lost popularity after losing many races to Polaris colts. It was then sold to Kawasaki in 1976, who used the Sno-Jet name until 1980.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Challenger Tractor</span> Agriculture tractor brand

Challenger is an American brand of agricultural tractors. Created in 1986 by Caterpillar Inc., the brand was sold to AGCO in 2002. Since then, Challenger tractors have been manufactured at the company's Jackson, Minnesota facility.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Neumayer-Station III</span> Antarctic base

Neumayer-Station III, also known as Neumayer III after geophysicist Georg von Neumayer, is a German Antarctic research station of the Alfred-Wegener-Institut. It is located on the approximately 200 metres (660 ft) thick Ekström Ice Shelf several kilometres south of Neumayer-Station II. The station's assembly kit was transported to its current position early in November 2007. It is moving with the shelf ice at about 157 meters (515 ft) per year towards the open sea.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">M7 Snow Tractor</span> Motor vehicle

The Allis-Chalmers M7 snow tractor was designed for use by the U.S. Army Air Corps as a rescue vehicle in remote northern bases.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Camso</span> Canadian automotive parts manufacturing company

Camso, formerly known as Camoplast Solideal, is a Canadian company that is a manufacturer and service supplier of products for off-the-road vehicles. They serve the material handling, construction, agriculture and powersport industries. Camso manufactures and distributes pneumatic, airless and solid tires, tracks, driven and trailed conversion track systems and OEM undercarriages. The company was founded in 1982, and is based in Magog, Quebec, Canada. It also has branches and manufacturing plants in America, Asia and Europe. Camso Research Centers are in Magog, Ghent, Sri Lanka, Shanghai & Ho Chi Minh City and has a global workforce of more than 8000 employees.

References

  1. "Nodwell 110".
  2. "Our History".
  3. Lamtrac
  4. "Welcome to Ebert Welding.com". www.ebertwelding.com. Archived from the original on 2002-06-04.
  5. "Sno-Cat model 743 tracked vehicle | Science Museum Group Collection".