Tulle Hazelrigg

Last updated
Tulle Inger Hazelrigg
Alma mater Indiana University
Oberlin College
Scientific career
Institutions Columbia University
Carnegie Institution for Science
University of California, Berkeley
University of Utah
Thesis Cytogenetic properties and developmental functions of selected portions of the drosophila genome  (1982)

Tulle Inger Hazelrigg is an American biologist who is Professor of Cell Biology at Columbia University. Her research considers the propagation and differentiation of germ cells. Hazelrigg was the first to attach green fluorescent protein to other proteins, which changed the way biological research could be conducted.

Contents

Early life and education

Hazelrigg was born in Evansville and grew up in Bloomington, Indiana. [1] She is the daughter of Hugh C. and Jane Yde Andersen Hazelrigg. [2] Her father was the head science writer for the Indiana University news bureau. [1] She became interested in science as a child and bred fruit flies in the basement of her house. [1] She was encouraged by her father to complete her science fair projects in the laboratory of Hermann Joseph Muller, Nobel laureate and then geneticist at Indiana University Bloomington. [1] She enrolled at an honorary science academy, but was kicked out because of her involvement in demonstrations against the war in Vietnam. [1] She was an undergraduate student at Oberlin College, where she majored in philosophy. [1] Hazelrigg was unsure what to do after college and worked as a substitute teacher. She moved to Europe where she took courses in art. [1] She eventually returned to the United States and earned her doctorate at Indiana University Bloomington, where she worked under the supervision of Thomas Kaufman. [3] She elucidated the fine structure of the Antennapedia complex. [4] She was a postdoctoral researcher at the Carnegie Institution for Science and University of California, Berkeley. [1]

Research and career

In 1996 Hazelrigg moved to the University of Utah where she was appointed to the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. [5] Hazelrigg was the first to attach green fluorescent protein to another protein, allowing her to track a protein's movement through living cells using the green fluorescent tag. She showed that the resulting green fluorescent protein fusion protein behaved the same way the untagged protein. [1] Green fluorescent protein fusion proteins allow for the study and localization of proteins in living cells. [1] She joined the faculty at Columbia University in 1992. [1]

Hazelrigg studies the propagation and differentiation of germ cells using the model organism Drosophila . Germ cells undergo a complex differentiation process and become male and female gametes. [6] Hazelrigg has investigated how genes are regulated within the stem cells of germs and how this regulation is impacted by differentiation. [6] She discovered the histone-lysine methyltransferase dSETDB1, which is located in the pericentric heterochromatin and catalyzes the methylation of histone H3 at its K9 residue (H3K9). In the absence of this gene, germline-stem cells are not maintained in adult Drosophila in both the ovaries and the testes. She is investigating the gene targets of dSETDB1 and the mechanisms by which dSETDB1 identifies the targets in the genome. [6]

In September 2019, Hazelrigg and her husband, Martin Chalfie, were awarded honorary degrees from Connecticut College. [7]

Selected publications

Personal life

In 1989 Hazelrigg married Martin Chalfie. [8] Chalfie was awarded the 2008 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the discovery and development of green fluorescent protein. [9]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">H. Robert Horvitz</span> American biologist

Howard Robert Horvitz ForMemRS NAS AAA&S APS NAM is an American biologist best known for his research on the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans, for which he was awarded the 2002 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, together with Sydney Brenner and John E. Sulston, whose "seminal discoveries concerning the genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death" were "important for medical research and have shed new light on the pathogenesis of many diseases".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Richard Axel</span> American molecular biologist

Richard Axel is an American molecular biologist and university professor in the Department of Neuroscience at Columbia University and investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. His work on the olfactory system won him and Linda Buck, a former postdoctoral research scientist in his group, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2004.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">MyoD</span> Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens

MyoD, also known as myoblast determination protein 1, is a protein in animals that plays a major role in regulating muscle differentiation. MyoD, which was discovered in the laboratory of Harold M. Weintraub, belongs to a family of proteins known as myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs). These bHLH transcription factors act sequentially in myogenic differentiation. Vertebrate MRF family members include MyoD1, Myf5, myogenin, and MRF4 (Myf6). In non-vertebrate animals, a single MyoD protein is typically found.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Michael Stuart Brown</span> American geneticist and Nobel laureate

Michael Stuart Brown ForMemRS NAS AAA&S APS is an American geneticist and Nobel laureate. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Joseph L. Goldstein in 1985 for describing the regulation of cholesterol metabolism.

Hox genes, a subset of homeobox genes, are a group of related genes that specify regions of the body plan of an embryo along the head-tail axis of animals. Hox proteins encode and specify the characteristics of 'position', ensuring that the correct structures form in the correct places of the body. For example, Hox genes in insects specify which appendages form on a segment, and Hox genes in vertebrates specify the types and shape of vertebrae that will form. In segmented animals, Hox proteins thus confer segmental or positional identity, but do not form the actual segments themselves.

David Moore Glover is a British geneticist and Research Professor of Biology and Biological Engineering at the California Institute of Technology. He served as Balfour Professor of Genetics at the University of Cambridge, a Wellcome Trust investigator in the Department of Genetics at the University of Cambridge, and Fellow of Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge. He serves as the first editor-in-chief of the open-access journal Open Biology published by the Royal Society.

In early Drosophila development, the first 13 cells pass through mitosis are nuclear divisions (karyokinesis) without cytokinesis, resulting in a multinucleate cell. Pole cells are the cells that form at the polar ends of the Drosophila egg, which begin the adult germ cells. Pole plasm functions to bud the development of pole cells, as well as restore fertilization, even when the cell was previously sterile.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">PBX1</span> Protein found in humans

Pre-B-cell leukemia transcription factor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PBX1 gene. The homologous protein in Drosophila is known as extradenticle, and causes changes in embryonic development.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HOXB5</span> Protein-coding gene in humans

Homeobox protein Hox-B5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HOXB5 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HOXA7</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Homeobox protein Hox-A7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HOXA7 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Martin Chalfie</span> American scientist

Martin Lee Chalfie is an American scientist. He is University Professor at Columbia University. He shared the 2008 Nobel Prize in Chemistry along with Osamu Shimomura and Roger Y. Tsien "for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP". He holds a PhD in neurobiology from Harvard University.

Douglas C. Prasher is an American molecular biologist. He is known for his work to clone and sequence the genes for the photoprotein aequorin and green fluorescent protein (GFP) and for his proposal to use GFP as a tracer molecule. He communicated his pioneering work to Martin Chalfie and Roger Y. Tsien, but by 1991 he was unable to obtain further research funding, and left academia. Eventually, he had to abandon science. Chalfie and Tsien were awarded the 2008 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for work that they publicly acknowledged was substantially based on Prasher's work; through their efforts and those of others, he returned to scientific research in June 2010.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Matthew P. Scott</span>

Matthew P. Scott is an American biologist who was the tenth president of the Carnegie Institution for Science. While at Stanford University, Scott studied how embryonic and later development is governed by proteins that control gene activity and cell signaling processes. He co- discovered homeobox genes in Drosophila melanogaster working with Amy J. Weiner at Indiana University.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jennifer Lippincott-Schwartz</span> American biologist

Jennifer Lippincott-Schwartz is a Senior Group Leader at Howard Hughes Medical Institute's Janelia Research Campus and a founding member of the Neuronal Cell Biology Program at Janelia. Previously, she was the Chief of the Section on Organelle Biology in the Cell Biology and Metabolism Program, in the Division of Intramural Research in the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development at the National Institutes of Health from 1993 to 2016. Lippincott-Schwartz received her PhD from Johns Hopkins University, and performed post-doctoral training with Richard Klausner at the NICHD, NIH in Bethesda, Maryland.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Notch proteins</span>

Notch proteins are a family of type 1 transmembrane proteins that form a core component of the Notch signaling pathway, which is highly conserved in metazoans. The Notch extracellular domain mediates interactions with DSL family ligands, allowing it to participate in juxtacrine signaling. The Notch intracellular domain acts as a transcriptional activator when in complex with CSL family transcription factors. Members of this type 1 transmembrane protein family share several core structures, including an extracellular domain consisting of multiple epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like repeats and an intracellular domain transcriptional activation domain (TAD). Notch family members operate in a variety of different tissues and play a role in a variety of developmental processes by controlling cell fate decisions. Much of what is known about Notch function comes from studies done in Caenorhabditis elegans (C.elegans) and Drosophila melanogaster. Human homologs have also been identified, but details of Notch function and interactions with its ligands are not well known in this context.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Michael Rosbash</span> American geneticist and chronobiologist (born 1944)

Michael Morris Rosbash is an American geneticist and chronobiologist. Rosbash is a professor and researcher at Brandeis University and investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Rosbash's research group cloned the Drosophila period gene in 1984 and proposed the Transcription Translation Negative Feedback Loop for circadian clocks in 1990. In 1998, they discovered the cycle gene, clock gene, and cryptochrome photoreceptor in Drosophila through the use of forward genetics, by first identifying the phenotype of a mutant and then determining the genetics behind the mutation. Rosbash was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 2003. Along with Michael W. Young and Jeffrey C. Hall, he was awarded the 2017 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm".

Ruth Lehmann is a developmental and cell biologist. She is the Director of the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research. She previously was affiliated with the New York University School of Medicine, where she was the Director of the Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, the Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Professor of Cell Biology, and the Chair of the Department of Cell Biology. Her research focuses on germ cells and embryogenesis.

Marian Bille Carlson is a geneticist and the Director of Life Sciences at the Simons Foundation. She is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and a past president of the Genetics Society of America.

Iva Susan Greenwald is an American biologist who is Professor of Cell and Molecular Biology at Columbia University. She studies cell-cell interactions and cell fate specification in C. elegans. She is particularly interested in LIN-12/Notch proteins, which is the receptor of one of the major signalling systems that determines the fate of cells.

Elizabeth Gavis is an American biologist who is the Damon B. Pfeiffer Professor of Life Sciences, at Princeton University. Gavis served as the President of the North American Drosophila Board of Directors in 2011.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 "Keynote Speakers". Connecticut College. Retrieved 2021-06-05.
  2. "Hugh Carlton Hazelrigg (1907-1980) - Find A Grave..." www.findagrave.com. Retrieved 2021-06-05.
  3. Hazelrigg, Tulle Inger (1982). Cytogenetic properties and developmental functions of selected portions of the drosophila genome (Thesis). OCLC   9877882.
  4. Gould, Stephen Jay (1994). Hen's teeth and horse's toes. New York. ISBN   978-0-393-34086-0. OCLC   915596046.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  5. "Tulle I. Hazelrigg". HHMI. Retrieved 2021-06-05.
  6. 1 2 3 "Hazelrigg | Columbia University : Biological Sciences". www.biology.columbia.edu. Retrieved 2021-06-05.
  7. "Connecticut College HONORARY DEGREE RECIPIENTS" (PDF).
  8. Chalfie, Martin (2009-06-23). "GFP: Lighting up life". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 106 (25): 10073–10080. Bibcode:2009PNAS..10610073C. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0904061106 . ISSN   0027-8424. PMC   2700921 . PMID   19553219.
  9. "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 2021-06-05.