Set in January 1948,[4] the film opens in an officers' mess of an unnamed Highland battalion, Jock Sinclair announces that this is his last day as acting commanding officer. The hard-drinking Sinclair, who is still only a major despite having been in command (as a brevet lieutenant colonel) since the battalion's last full colonel was killed in action during the North Africa Campaign, is to be replaced by Lieutenant Colonel Basil Barrow. Although Sinclair led the battalion through the remainder of the war, winning a DSO as he took it "from Dover to Berlin" (He also holds a Military Medal, a medal only awarded to Other Ranks), Brigade HQ considers Barrow – whose ancestor founded the battalion – a more appropriate peacetime commanding officer.
Colonel Barrow arrives a day early and finds the officers dancing rowdily. He declines sharing a whisky with Sinclair, taking a soft drink instead. They exchange histories. Sinclair enlisted as bandsman in Glasgow and rose through the ranks, Barrow came from Oxford University. He served with the battalion in 1933. Assigned to "special duties", he has lectured at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst. Sinclair humorously notes that he was in Barlinnie Prison's cooler for being drunk and disorderly one night in 1933. When Sinclair presses Barrow about his war years, he replies that he, too, was "in jail". Sinclair recalls that Barrow was a prisoner of the Japanese and belittles the experience – "officers' privileges and amateur dramatics". Barrow simply replies that Barlinnie would have been preferable. At 3am, Sinclair and Major Charlie Scott are drinking, alone. Sinclair reveals his frustrations and plans: "I've acted Colonel, I should be Colonel, and by God... I bloody well will be Colonel!"
Meanwhile, Morag, Sinclair's daughter, is shown secretly meeting an enlisted piper, Corporal Piper Ian Fraser.
Barrow immediately passes several orders designed to instill strict battalion discipline. Particularly resented is an order that all officers take lessons in Scottish country dancing to prepare for the cocktail party Barrow plans for 20 February, the first postwar official barracks party. Men who have been dancing for decades are insulted and angry at being told not to raise their arms overhead, for example. The townspeople enjoy the party, but when the dancing becomes rowdy, Barrow is infuriated. Red-faced and screaming, he ends the party. He flees in a jeep, accompanied by Capt. Cairns, in whom he confides. The thought of leading this battalion kept him alive while the Japanese drowned him repeatedly. When a sympathetic Cairns says that he triumphed and survived, Barrow replies that he did not "survive".
Sinclair finds Corporal Fraser with Morag in a pub and punches him. "Bashing a corporal" is a severe offence, and Barrow decides to begin an inquiry, meaning a court-martial. Sinclair persuades Barrow to back down, promising support in the future. Once safe, he reneges, and other officers virtually ignore Barrow in the mess. In the billiard room, Scott – with glacial cruelty – says that Sinclair is really in charge and suggests that Barrow join the other acolytes. Face wet with tears, Barrow walks upstairs. Jock and others join Charlie in the billiard room. Suddenly, a gunshot echoes from upstairs. Barrow has shot himself in the tub room.
Sinclair is calm when explaining what must be done to the young officer of the day, but when he is alone, he whispers as he backs out of the room: It's not the dead body he fears, it's the ghost.
He calls a meeting to announce his plans for a grandiose funeral, "fit for a field marshal" as one man says, complete with a march through the town in which the pipers will play all the "tunes of glory". When one officer points to the manner of the colonel's death, Sinclair insists it was not suicide, but murder, he being the murderer and the other senior officers accomplices. While Sinclair loses himself in his vision of the cortège, all leave, except for Cairns and Scott. Sinclair disintegrates, burying his head in his tam and sobbing, "I'm fashed"![5]...Oh my babies. Take me home". They support him from the barracks, and Cairns rides with him as he is driven away, officers and men saluting as he passes. Bagpipes play as snow begins to fall.
The film was initially to be made at Ealing Studios, with Michael Relph as producer and Jack Hawkins playing Sinclair. At the time that it was at Ealing, Kenneth Tynan, then working as a script reader, criticized the first draft screenplay as having "too much army-worship in it". That view was shared by director Alexander Mackendrick. By the time Kennaway rewrote the script, Ealing had lost interest and Hawkins was no longer available. The film was then picked up by the independent producer Colin Lesslie, who interested Mills in the project.[4]
Accounts differ as to how the leading roles were cast. Mills wrote that he and Guinness "tossed for it", while Guinness recalled that he had originally been offered the role of Barrow but preferred Sinclair. The role of Barrow might have been too close to that of Colonel Nicholson in The Bridge on the River Kwai. Sinclair has been described as "anti-Nicholson".[4]
Tunes of Glory was shot at Shepperton Studios in London. The film's sets were designed by the art directorWilfred Shingleton. Establishing location shots were done at Stirling Castle in Stirling, Scotland. Stirling Castle is the Regimental Headquarters of the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders[6] but in fact James Kennaway served with the Gordon Highlanders. Although the production was initially offered broad co-operation to film within the castle from the commanding officer there, as long as it didn't disrupt the regiment's [Argyll's] routine, after seeing a lurid paperback cover for Kennaway's book, that co-operation evaporated, and the production was only allowed to shoot distant exterior shots of the castle.[3]
Director Ronald Neame worked with Guinness on The Horse's Mouth (1958), and a number of other participants were also involved in both films, including actress Kay Walsh, cinematographer Arthur Ibbetson and editor Anne V. Coates.[3] The film was Susannah York's film debut.[6]
The film was generally well received by critics, the acting in particular garnering praise.
The Monthly Film Bulletin wrote: "In Tunes of Glory, Ronald Neame and his writer James Kennaway have sketched in the corruptions, tensions and intrigues of life in a Highland Regiment's officers' quarters with enough acerbity to make an interesting melodrama. Unfortunately one cannot put it higher than that. It is not merely that they have thrown away a good idea on an embarrassingly sentimental ending; they have lowered the temperature throughout by throwing in such irrelevancies as a thread or two of conventionally handled love interest ... and some stagy exhibitions of quaint humour on the part of the lower ranks. False touches and caricature abound; sympathies switch disconcertingly from side to side as the plot, rather than the disappointingly underdeveloped characters, dictates. Nevertheless there are goodish supporting performances from Dennis Price, Gordon Jackson and Duncan Macrae; all the scenes in which Barrow makes his presence newly felt are observed with brisk authority; and the sets are suitably claustrophobic. Though Alec Guinness (made up to look alarmingly like Stan Laurel) can only intermittently suggest a tough, blaspheming old campaigner, John Mills succeeds in establishing the gradual cracking of Barrow’s confidence with a nervous conviction not always evident in the parts written."[7]
Writing in Esquire, Dwight Macdonald called Tunes of Glory a "limited but satisfying tale", and wrote that "it is one of those films, like Zinnemann's Sundowners (1960), which are of little interest cinematically and out of fashion thematically (no sex, no violence, no low life) and yet manage to be very good entertainment".[8]
The film was praised by Bosley Crowther of The New York Times, who wrote "Not only do Alec Guinness and John Mills superlatively adorn the two top roles in this drama of professional military men, but also every actor, down to the walk-ons, acquits himself handsomely."[9]
Variety called Ronald Neame's direction "crisp and vigorous", and said that Mills had a "tough assignment" to appear opposite Guinness, "particularly in a fundamentally unsympathetic role, but he is always a match for his co-star".[10]
The film's screenplay, and especially the final scene showing Sinclair's breakdown, was criticised by some critics at the time of release. One critic wrote in Sight & Sound that the ending was "inexcusable" and that the scene is "far less one of tragic remorse than gauchely contrived emotionalism".[4]
Tunes of Glory has a 73% rating on the Rotten Tomatoes review aggregation site.[11]
Awards and honours
James Kennaway, who adapted the screenplay from his novel, was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay, but lost to Elmer Gantry. It also received numerous BAFTA nominations, including Best Film, Best British Film, Best British Screenplay and Best Actor nominations for both Guinness and Mills.[12]
The film was the official British entry at the 1960 Venice Film Festival, and John Mills won the Best Actor award there.[6] That same year the film was named "Best Foreign Film" by the Hollywood Foreign Press Association.[13]
Adaptations
Tunes of Glory was adapted for BBC Radio 4's Monday Play by B.C. Cummins in April 1976.
It was adapted for the stage by Michael Lunney, who directed a production of it which toured Britain in 2006.[14][15]
Home video
Tunes of Glory is available on DVD from Criterion and Metrodome. It was released on Blu-ray by Criterion in December 2019 with a 4K digital restoration.[citation needed]
Legacy
Alfred Hitchcock called Tunes of Glory "one of the best films ever made", Neil Sinyard writes in The Cinema of Britain and Ireland, "so it is curious that the film rarely finds a place in the established canon of great British films". It was not included in the list of 100 greatest British films of the century compiled by the British Film Institute in 1999. Sinyard observes that the film came too late to be part of the spate of popular 1950s British war films, and was too dark to be part of that genre. He notes that it seemed "slightly old-fashioned" when compared to British New Wave films that came out at the time, such as Room at the Top.[4]
The Bridge on the River Kwai is a 1957 epic war film directed by David Lean and based on the 1952 novel written by Pierre Boulle.
The Calgary Highlanders is a Canadian Army Primary Reserve infantry regiment, headquartered at Mewata Armouries in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. The regiment is a part-time reserve unit, under the command of 41 Canadian Brigade Group, itself part of 3rd Canadian Division, one of four region-based Canadian Army divisions. The regiment is one of only two regiments in the Canadian Forces to wear an honorary distinction on their uniform, commemorating the counterattack at Kitcheners' Wood. On 9 January 2015, the regiment was recognized with the Canadian Forces' Unit Commendation for outstanding contributions to the war in Afghanistan.
Aces High is a 1976 war film starring Malcolm McDowell, Peter Firth, Christopher Plummer and Simon Ward. The film, which is an Anglo-French production, is based on the 1928 play Journey's End by R. C. Sherriff with additional material from the memoir Sagittarius Rising by Cecil Lewis. It was directed by Jack Gold. The screenplay was written by Howard Barker.
Ronald Neame CBE, BSC was an English film producer, director, cinematographer, and screenwriter. Beginning his career as a cinematographer, for his work on the British war film One of Our Aircraft Is Missing (1943) he received an Academy Award nomination for Best Special Effects. During a partnership with director David Lean, he produced Brief Encounter (1945), Great Expectations (1946), and Oliver Twist (1948), receiving two Academy Award nominations for writing.
The Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders of Canada (Princess Louise's), or A & SH of C, is a Primary Reserve Highland infantry regiment of the Canadian Forces, based at John W. Foote VC Armoury in Hamilton, Ontario.
The Night of the Generals is a 1967 World War II mystery film directed by Anatole Litvak and produced by Sam Spiegel. It stars Peter O'Toole, Omar Sharif, Tom Courtenay, Donald Pleasence, Joanna Pettet, and Philippe Noiret. The screenplay by Joseph Kessel and Paul Dehn was loosely based on the beginning of the 1962 novel of the same name by German author Hans Hellmut Kirst. The writing credits also state the film is "based on an incident written by James Hadley Chase", referring to a subplot from Chase's 1952 novel The Wary Transgressor. Gore Vidal is said to have contributed to the screenplay, but was not credited onscreen. The film's musical score was composed by Maurice Jarre.
Great Expectations is a 1946 British drama film directed by David Lean, based on the 1861 novel by Charles Dickens and starring John Mills and Valerie Hobson. The supporting cast included Bernard Miles, Francis L. Sullivan, Anthony Wager, Jean Simmons, Finlay Currie, Martita Hunt and Alec Guinness.
The Dark Island is a six-part British television miniseries, produced by Gerard Glaister for the BBC. It premièred on 8 July 1962. It was later adapted for radio, which was transmitted in 1969. It was set on the Outer Hebridean island of Benbecula, though the majority of the series was filmed on South Uist.
Charles Davidson Dunbar, DCM was the first pipe major to be commissioned as a pipe officer in Britain and the British Empire. He emigrated from Scotland to Canada, where he came to be called "Canada's greatest military piper".
The Horse's Mouth is a 1958 film directed by Ronald Neame and filmed in Technicolor. Alec Guinness wrote the screenplay, which was based on the 1944 novel The Horse's Mouth by Joyce Cary. Guinness also played the lead role of Gulley Jimson, a London artist.
James Peeble Ewing Kennaway was a Scottish novelist and screenwriter. He was born in Auchterarder in Perthshire and attended Glenalmond College.
The Band of the Irish Guards is one of five bands in the Foot Guards Regiments in the Household Division whose main role is to guard the British monarch. The Band supports the Regiment by providing the musical backing to which much of the ceremonial duties depend within Central London.
The 14th British Academy Film Awards, given by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts in 1961, honoured the best films of 1960.
Sir Alec Guinness was an English actor. After an early career on the stage, Guinness was featured in several of the Ealing comedies, including Kind Hearts and Coronets (1949), in which he played eight different characters; The Lavender Hill Mob (1951), for which he received his first Academy Award nomination; and The Ladykillers (1955). He collaborated six times with director David Lean: Herbert Pocket in Great Expectations (1946); Fagin in Oliver Twist (1948); Col. Nicholson in The Bridge on the River Kwai (1957), for which he won both the Academy Award for Best Actor and the BAFTA Award for Best Actor; Prince Faisal in Lawrence of Arabia (1962); General Yevgraf Zhivago in Doctor Zhivago (1965); and Professor Godbole in A Passage to India (1984). In 1970, he played Jacob Marley's ghost in Ronald Neame's Scrooge. He also portrayed Obi-Wan Kenobi in George Lucas's original Star Wars trilogy; for the original 1977 film, he was nominated for Best Supporting Actor at the 50th Academy Awards.
The General Danced at Dawn is a collection of short stories by George MacDonald Fraser, narrated by Lieutenant Dand MacNeill, a young officer in a fictional Scottish battalion of the British Army, part of the 51st (Highland) Infantry Division. It is a generally fond depiction of army life in the period just after World War II. It was published first during 1970. The stories were based on Fraser's own time as an officer of the Gordon Highlanders in Libya at that time.
Cineguild Productions was a production company formed by director David Lean, cinematographer Ronald Neame and producer Anthony Havelock-Allan in 1944. The company produced some of the major British films of the 1940s.
Canadian pipers in World War I were soldiers who contributed to the First World War by playing the bagpipes as they marched the troops to the front. These men were often members of a pipe band, that chose to enlist at the outbreak of World War I to assist with the Canadian war effort. Although most of the pipers were trained to fight, many of them played the bagpipes throughout the war as a way to encourage the troops as they walked into battle.
The 1915 Birthday Honours were appointments by King George V to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of the British Empire. The appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of The King, and were published in The London Gazette and in The Times on 3 June 1915.
Tunes of Glory is a 1956 novel by the British writer James Kennaway. It portrays the peacetime tensions in a Highland regiment shortly after the Second World War.
The 1919 King's Birthday Honours in New Zealand, celebrating the official birthday of King George V, were appointments made by the King on the recommendation of the New Zealand government to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by New Zealanders. They were announced on or dated 3 June 1919.
References
↑ Chapman, J. (2022). The Money Behind the Screen: A History of British Film Finance, 1945-1985. Edinburgh University Press p 360
↑ "Tunes of Glory". British Film Institute Collections Search. Retrieved 10 November 2023.
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