 | This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page . (Learn how and when to remove these template messages)
|
Tu-130 was a concept for a boost-glider launched by an intercontinental three-stage missile by Soviet designer Tupolev. [1] [2]
From 1957, work began on the creation of a drone unmanned airliner "DP" (Dal'niy Planer - long-range glider or Dal'niy Passazheerskiy – long-range passenger aircraft)[ citation needed ] in Tupolev Design Bureau. It was the last stage of a strategic rocket. It was supposed to use medium-range ballistic missiles ( R-5, R-12 ) as carriers. In addition, the option of using a proprietary booster was considered.
The launch vehicle would raise the DP to an altitude of 80–100 km, after which it would be separated from the carrier and transferred to the flight planner. Then the trajectory was corrected. The target could be at a distance of 4,000 km, and the speed of the DP reached Mach 10. The trajectory was corrected by aerodynamic control surfaces . The power plant on board was missing. Chemical power sources and compressed air cylinders were used to power on-board equipment . For cooling equipment and thermonuclear charge was used onboard cooling system. The airframe design did not provide for a cooling system, so all the stresses that should have arisen during the flight should have been taken into account in the design. At the final stage of the flight, the device was transferred to a dive at the target and, according to the signal from the altimeter, the warhead was undermined.
The advantage of this design to the first generation of strategic missiles was higher accuracy with a simpler targeting system and the provision of a complex flight path to the target, which made it difficult for the anti - aircraft and anti - aircraft defense systems to operate.
For the implementation of the project, two years of intensive work were carried out, new materials and technologies were developed, the problems of aerodynamics were investigated, and field models were created and studied. Several experimental aircraft were built to test the main ideas. The project work program was named Tu-130.
Various aerodynamic schemes were investigated: symmetric, asymmetrical, tailless, duck and others. A series of models were built that were blown through the TsAGI wind tunnels, including at supersonic speeds. At the M. Gromov Flight Research Institute, tests were carried out on which models of DP with solid - fuel accelerators were dropped from the Tu-16 LL. Also shooting models with artillery guns and gas-dynamic guns. During the tests, speeds of up to 6 M were achieved.
In 1959, the design began DP. Aerodynamic configuration tailless was chosen. The wedge - shaped fuselage had a semi-elliptical cross section with a blunt bow. The low-lying triangular wing had a small area with a sweep along the leading edge of 75° and elevons throughout its span. Vertical plumage consisted of upper and lower carinae at the rear of the fuselage. On both halves of the keel were installed brake pads. The wing and controls had a wedge-shaped profile. Due to the aerodynamic heating of the nose of the apparatus and the leading edges of the bearing and steering surfaces were made of graphite. The glider was made of stainless steel.
A series of five experimental aircraft was laid. In 1960, the first aircraft was manufactured. However, with all the successes of the design bureau, the work was terminated by a Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR . Already built airplanes were partly recycled, and partly transferred to the Vladimir Chelomey design bureau. The research and design materials developed during the work were used in the next work of the Tupolev design bureau - the Zvezda manned rocket plane .
Work on the project continued only about a year before it was abandoned in favor of the more conventional Tu-123 supersonic cruise missile.
The Tupolev Tu-144 is a Soviet supersonic passenger airliner designed by Tupolev in operation from 1968 to 1999.
A fixed-wing aircraft is a heavier-than-air flying machine, such as an airplane, which is capable of flight using wings that generate lift caused by the aircraft's forward airspeed and the shape of the wings. Fixed-wing aircraft are distinct from rotary-wing aircraft, and ornithopters. The wings of a fixed-wing aircraft are not necessarily rigid; kites, hang gliders, variable-sweep wing aircraft and airplanes that use wing morphing are all examples of fixed-wing aircraft.
A delta wing is a wing shaped in the form of a triangle. It is named for its similarity in shape to the Greek uppercase letter delta (Δ).
A flying wing is a tailless fixed-wing aircraft that has no definite fuselage, with its crew, payload, fuel, and equipment housed inside the main wing structure. A flying wing may have various small protuberances such as pods, nacelles, blisters, booms, or vertical stabilizers.
A variable-sweep wing, colloquially known as a "swing wing", is an airplane wing, or set of wings, that may be swept back and then returned to its original straight position during flight. It allows the aircraft's shape to be modified in flight, and is therefore an example of a variable-geometry aircraft.
Alexander Martin Lippisch was a German aeronautical engineer, a pioneer of aerodynamics who made important contributions to the understanding of tailless aircraft, delta wings and the ground effect, and also worked in the U.S. Within the Opel-RAK program, he was the designer of the world's first rocket-powered glider.
The Tupolev Tu-80 was a Soviet prototype for a longer-ranged version of the Tupolev Tu-4 bomber, an unlicensed, reverse engineered copy of the Boeing B-29 Superfortress. It was cancelled in 1949 in favor of the Tupolev Tu-85 program which offered even more range. The sole prototype was used in various test programs before finally being used as a target.
Tupolev, officially Joint Stock Company Tupolev, is a Russian aerospace and defence company headquartered in Basmanny District, Moscow.
The Tupolev Tu-22 was the first supersonic bomber to enter production in the Soviet Union. Manufactured by Tupolev, the Tu-22 entered service with the Soviet military in the 1960s.
The Hawker Siddeley Red Top was the third indigenous British air-to-air missile to enter service, following the de Havilland Firestreak and limited-service Fireflash. It was used to replace the Firestreak on the de Havilland Sea Vixen and later models of the English Electric Lightning.
The Tupolev Tu-98 was a prototype swept wing jet bomber developed by Tupolev for the Soviet Union.
The Tupolev Tu-22M is a supersonic, variable-sweep wing, long-range strategic and maritime strike bomber developed by the Tupolev Design Bureau in the 1960s. According to some sources, the bomber was believed to be designated Tu-26 at one time. During the Cold War, the Tu-22M was operated by the Soviet Air Forces (VVS) in a missile carrier strategic bombing role, and by the Soviet Naval Aviation in a long-range maritime anti-shipping role. As of 2021, before the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, there were 66 of the aircraft in service.
A supersonic aircraft is an aircraft capable of supersonic flight, that is, flying faster than the speed of sound. Supersonic aircraft were developed in the second half of the twentieth century. Supersonic aircraft have been used for research and military purposes, but only two supersonic aircraft, the Tupolev Tu-144 and the Concorde, ever entered service for civil use as airliners. Fighter jets are the most common example of supersonic aircraft.
The Tupolev Tu-95LAL was an experimental aircraft that was a modified Tupolev Tu-95 Soviet bomber aircraft, which flew from 1961 to 1965, analogous to the United States' earlier Convair NB-36H. It was intended to see whether a nuclear reactor could be used to power an aircraft, primarily testing airborne operation of a reactor and shielding for components and crew. The reactor did not actually power the aircraft.
An oblique wing is a variable geometry wing concept. On an aircraft so equipped, the wing is designed to rotate on center pivot, so that one tip is swept forward while the opposite tip is swept aft. By changing its sweep angle in this way, drag can be reduced at high speed without sacrificing low speed performance. This is a variation on the classic swing-wing design, intended to simplify construction and retain the center of gravity as the sweep angle is changed.
In aeronautics, a tailless aircraft is an aircraft with no other horizontal aerodynamic surface besides its main wing. It may still have a fuselage, vertical tail fin, and/or vertical rudder.
The Ilyushin Il-32 was a Soviet heavy military glider developed after World War II to deliver 7,000 kg (15,000 lb) of cargo. To facilitate loading and unloading, the glider's nose and tail sections were hinged to swing sideways. The Il-32 required a four-engined aircraft to tow it safely; it was canceled when it became clear that no such tug was going to be available after the Tupolev Tu-75 and Ilyushin Il-18 programs were both canceled because of shortages of their intended Shvetsov ASh-73 engines.
Non-ballistic atmospheric entry is a class of atmospheric entry trajectories that follow a non-ballistic trajectory by employing aerodynamic lift in the high upper atmosphere. It includes trajectories such as skip and glide.
Valentin Ivanovich Bliznyuk was a Soviet and Russian aircraft designer who worked chiefly with the Tupolev design bureau over a career spanning almost seventy years.
