Scientific literature comprises scholarly publications that report original empirical and theoretical work in the natural and social sciences, and within an academic field, often abbreviated as the literature. Academic publishing is the process of contributing the results of one's research into the literature, which often requires a peer-review process. Original scientific research published for the first time in scientific journals is called the primary literature. Patents and technical reports, for minor research results and engineering and design work, can also be considered primary literature. Secondary sources include review articles and books. Tertiary sources might include encyclopedias and similar works intended for broad public consumption.
A concept of Design Science was introduced in 1957 by R. Buckminster Fuller who defined it as a systematic form of designing. He expanded on this concept in his World Design Science Decade proposal to the International Union of Architects in 1961. The term was later used by S. A. Gregory in the 1965 'The Design Method' Conference where he drew the distinction between scientific method and design method. Gregory was clear in his view that design was not a science and that design science referred to the scientific study of design. Herbert Simon in his 1968 Karl Taylor Compton lectures used and popularized these terms in his argument for the scientific study of the artificial. Over the intervening period the two uses of the term have co-mingled to the point where design science may have both meanings: a science of design and design as a science.
The Soil Science Society of America (SSSA), is the largest soil-specific society in the United States. It was formed in 1936 from the merger of the Soils Section of the American Society of Agronomy and the American Soil Survey Association. The Soils Section of ASA became the official Americas section of the International Union of Soil Sciences in 1934, a notable role which SSSA continues to fulfill.
Süleyman Demirel University (SDU) is a public university located in Isparta, Turkey. Established in 1992, the university, with around 70.000 students, is the second largest academic institution in Turkey. SDU is known for its programs in agricultural research, medicine, engineering, and business sciences. The university is approved by the Erasmus programme for participation and funding. SDU is a member of European University Association.
The Journal of Object Technology is an online scientific journal covering object-oriented programming and component-based development. It is free for both readers and authors and published by the Chair of Software Engineering at the ETH Zurich. Its first issue appeared in May 2002, in response to the need for an international journal covering the object-oriented and component-based development field. From 1986 to 2001, the Journal of Object-Oriented Programming played much of that role, but after it was sold to a new owner in 2000, it was announced in the following year that it would cease publication at the end of the year. The launching of The Journal of Object Technology was largely a response to this event, as leaders from the community realized a flagship publication was needed.
The Institute of Marine Engineering, Science and Technology (IMarEST) is the international membership body and learned society for marine professionals operating in the spheres of marine engineering, science, or technology. It has registered charity status in the U.K.. It has a worldwide membership of 21,000 individuals based in over 128 countries. The Institute is a member of the UK Science Council and a licensed body of the Engineering Council UK.
CSA was a division of Cambridge Information Group and provider of online databases, based in Bethesda, Maryland before merging with ProQuest of Ann Arbor, Michigan in 2007. CSA hosted databases of abstracts and developed taxonomic indexing of scholarly articles. These databases were hosted on the CSA Illumina platform and were available alongside add-on products like CSA Illustrata. The company produced numerous bibliographic databases in different fields of the arts and humanities, natural and social sciences, and technology. Thus, coverage included materials science, environmental sciences and pollution management, biological sciences, aquatic sciences and fisheries, biotechnology, engineering, computer science, sociology, linguistics, and other areas.
The Journal of Philosophical Logic is a peer-reviewed scientific journal founded in 1972. It is published by Springer and "provides a forum for work at the crossroads of philosophy and logic, old and new, with contributions ranging from conceptual to technical."
The Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal the official journal of the International Society for Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism and publishes peer-reviewed research and review papers. covering research on experimental, theoretical, and clinical aspects of brain circulation, metabolism and imaging. The editors-in-chief are Martin Lauritzen and I. Mhairi Macrae. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2018 impact factor of 6.040
Attash Durrani was a Pakistani linguist, researcher, critic and author, educationist and gemologist. He wrote more than 275 books and app. 500 papers in Urdu and English, left impact on the disciplines of Language, Education and Computer Science or I.T., and received Tamgha-i-Imtiaz and Sitara-e-Imtiaz for his work of Urdu language and literature. He died on 30 November 2018.
The IEEE Sensors Council is one of seven technical councils of the IEEE and is focused on sensors, transducers and integrated sensor-actuators.
The International Conference on Environmental Systems, or ICES, is an annual technical conference focusing on human spaceflight technology and space human factors. Session topics include: Environmental Control and Life Support Systems (ECLSS), thermal control, life sciences, extra-vehicular activity (EVA) systems, space architecture, and mission planning for exploration.
Ocean Science is an open-access peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. It covers all aspects of oceanography. The journal is available on-line and in print. Papers are published under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license.
VINITI Database RAS is a database provided by the All-Russian Institute for Scientific and Technical Information (VINITI). The database is devoted to scientific publications. It is described as a large abstracting database. In general, it is indexed for the natural sciences, exact sciences, and technical sciences. Included in this database is AJ, indexed from 1981 to the present day.
VINITI is a subsidiary of the Russian Academy of Sciences devoted to gathering scientific and technical information from sources throughout the world and disseminating this information to Russian scientific community.
The Marine Technology Society (MTS) is a professional society that serves the international community of approximately 3,800 ocean engineers, technologists, policy-makers, and educators. The goal of the society, which was founded in 1963, is to promote awareness, understanding, advancement and application of marine technology. The association is based in Washington, District of Columbia, United States. Former executive directors include Martin Finnerty, Judith T. Krauthamer and Richard Lawson.
The Journal of Vibration and Control is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that covers all aspects of linear and nonlinear vibration phenomena and their control. It was established in 1995 and is published by Sage Publications. The editors-in-chief are Mehdi Ahmadian, Fabio Casciati, and Fabrizio Vestroni.
The Center for Process Studies was founded in 1973 by John B. Cobb and David Ray Griffin to encourage exploration of the relevance of process thought to many fields of reflection and action. As a faculty center of Claremont School of Theology in association with Claremont Graduate University, and through seminars, conferences, publications and the library, CPS seeks to promote new ways of thinking based on the work of philosophers Alfred North Whitehead, and Charles Hartshorne, and others in the process tradition.
Lingua Nostra is a peer-reviewed academic journal of general linguistics published by Frienze Sansoni. The journal publishes both articles and book reviews. It publishes two special issues a year. The current Editor-in-Chief is Migliorini S.and Devoto G. Since 2010, it publishes 1400 pages per year.
Nature Astronomy is an online, peer reviewed, scientific journal published by the Nature Publishing Group, owned by Springer Nature. It was first published in January 2017, although the first content appeared online in December 2016. The Chief Editor is May Chiao, who is a full-time professional editor employed by this journal. The founding editors of this journal, in addition to May Chiao, were Paul Woods, Luca Maltagliati and Marios Karouzos.
