WAMPAS Baby Stars

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The "WAMPAS Baby Stars" of 1932. Rear row: Toshia Mori, Boots Mallory, Ruth Hall, Gloria Stuart, Patricia Ellis, Ginger Rogers, Lilian Bond, Evalyn Knapp, Marian Shockley. Front row: Dorothy Wilson, Mary Carlisle, Lona Andre, Eleanor Holm, Dorothy Layton (June Clyde is not pictured). WAMBAS Baby Stars 1932.jpg
The "WAMPAS Baby Stars" of 1932. Rear row: Toshia Mori, Boots Mallory, Ruth Hall, Gloria Stuart, Patricia Ellis, Ginger Rogers, Lilian Bond, Evalyn Knapp, Marian Shockley. Front row: Dorothy Wilson, Mary Carlisle, Lona Andre, Eleanor Holm, Dorothy Layton (June Clyde is not pictured).

The WAMPAS Baby Stars was a promotional campaign sponsored by the United States Western Association of Motion Picture Advertisers, which honored 13 (15 in 1932) young actresses each year whom they believed to be on the threshold of movie stardom. The campaign ran from 1922 to 1934, except for 1930 and 1933.

Contents

Most failed to live up to their promotion. However, a small number of the selections went on to become major movie stars: Colleen Moore (1922), Jobyna Ralston (1923), Clara Bow (1924), Janet Gaynor (1926), Fay Wray (1926), Dolores del Rio (1926), Dolores Costello (1926), Mary Astor (1926), Joan Crawford (1926), Loretta Young (1929), Jean Arthur (1929), Joan Blondell (1931) and Ginger Rogers (1932). Gaynor, Astor, Crawford, Young and Rogers all were awarded the Academy Award for Best Actress during their careers, with Gaynor receiving the first one during the first year of the award's existence.

Clara Bow was a Silent era star known as The It Girl. She was Hollywood's greatest female draw at her peak, but her career predated the Academy Awards. Arthur and Blondell had long and fruitful careers in Hollywood, the former as a lead actress, the latter usually in supporting roles after the Pre-Code era.

Others with significant Hollywood careers included Evelyn Brent (1923), Joyce Compton (1926), Lupe Velez (1928), Constance Cummings (1931, who decamped to England), Frances Dee (1931), and Gloria Stuart (1932, whose career revived in the 1990s and she received a nomination as Best Supporting Actress for her role in Titanic ).

Overview

WAMPAS Baby Stars of 1925. Baby Stars 1925 picturep426.jpg
WAMPAS Baby Stars of 1925.
1922—1935

The WAMPAS Baby Stars campaign began in 1922. Every year, publicists chose a group of young actresses who were under contract at major studios that they felt were on the threshold of stardom. Awardees were honored at a party called the "WAMPAS Frolic" and were given extensive media coverage. The awards were not given in 1930 and 1933 due to objections from independent film studios. [1] When the campaign was revived in 1934, freelance actresses, along with studio contract players, were included as the chosen "Baby Stars". [2] The campaign was discarded in 1935, after which the Western Association of Motion Picture Advertisers disbanded. [2]

1956

In 1956, a group of veteran stars, among them 1932 WAMPAS Baby Star Ginger Rogers, chose a group of young actresses supposed to be known as The Wampas Baby Stars of 1956. [3] However, since the Western Association of Motion Picture Advertisers no longer existed, the idea fizzled. The selection took place nevertheless, and 15 "babies" were chosen: Phyllis Applegate, Roxanne Arlen, Jolene Brand, Donna Cooke, Barbara Huffman (later known as Barbara Eden), Jewell Lain, Barbara Marks [3] [4] , Lita Milan, Norma Nilsson, Ina Poindexter, Violet Rensin, Dawn Richard, and Delfin Thursday. [5]

Last

The last surviving original WAMPAS Baby Star, Mary Carlisle, died at the age of 104 on August 1, 2018. [6]

List

Key
‡Denotes actress born outside the United States

1922

ActressLifespanBirthplaceImageRef.
Marion Aye 1903–1951 Chicago, Illinois, U.S. Streak of Yellow (1922) - 1.jpg [7]
Helen Ferguson 1901–1977 Decatur, Illinois, U.S. Helenfergusonbain.jpg [8]
Lila Lee 1905–1973 Union Hill, New Jersey, U.S. Lila Lee FFF.jpg [9]
Jacqueline Logan 1904–1983 Corsicana, Texas, U.S. Jacqueline Logan - Dec 1922 Screenland.jpg [10]
Louise Lorraine 1904–1981 San Francisco, California, U.S. Louise Lorraine - Sep 1922 UW.jpg [11]
Bessie Love 1898–1986 Midland, Texas, U.S. Bessie Love - Aug 10 1918 EH.jpg [12]
Kathryn McGuire 1903–1978 Peoria, Illinois, U.S. Kathryn McGuire CM929.jpg [13]
Patsy Ruth Miller 1904–1995 St. Louis, Missouri, U.S. PR Miller stars.jpg [14]
Colleen Moore 1899–1988 Port Huron, Michigan, U.S. Colleen Moore - May 1920 MPN.jpg [15]
Mary Philbin 1902–1993 Chicago, Illinois, U.S. Mary Philbin stars1924.jpg [16]
Pauline Starke 1901–1977 Joplin, Missouri, U.S. Pauline Starke Screen523.jpg [17]
Lois Wilson 1894–1988 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S. Lois Wilson - Oct 1920 EH.jpg [18]
Claire Windsor 1892–1972 Marvin, Kansas, U.S. Clairewindsor.jpg [19]

1923

ActressLifespanBirthplaceImageRef.
Eleanor Boardman 1898–1991 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S. Eleanor Boardman Argentinean Magazine corp.jpg [20]
Evelyn Brent 1895–1975 Tampa, Florida, U.S. Evelynbrent.jpg [21]
Dorothy Devore 1899–1976 Fort Worth, Texas, U.S. Dorothy Devore Ellis.jpg [22]
Virginia Brown Faire 1904–1980 Brooklyn, New York City, U.S. Virginia Brown Faire Who's Who on the Screen.jpg [20]
Betty Francisco 1900–1950 Little Rock, Arkansas, U.S. Betty Francisco motion1024.jpg [23]
Pauline Garon 1900–1965 Montreal, Quebec, Canada Pauline Garon The Man from Glengarry.jpg [19]
Kathleen Key 1903–1954 Buffalo, New York, U.S. Kathleen Key Stars of the Photoplay.jpg [24]
Laura La Plante 1904–1996 St. Louis, Missouri, U.S. Laura La Plante ph230.jpg [20]
Margaret Leahy 1902–1967 London, England, U.K. Margaret Leahy photop723.jpg [25]
Helen Lynch 1900–1965 Billings, Montana, U.S. Helen Lynch Stars 1924.jpg [26]
Derelys Perdue 1902–1989 Los Angeles, California, U.S. Derelys Perdue screenl423.jpg [27]
Jobyna Ralston 1899–1967 South Pittsburg, Tennessee, U.S. Jobyna Ralston - Picture-Play, August 1928.jpg [20]
Ethel Shannon 1898–1951 Denver, Colorado, U.S. Ethel Shannon by Witzel.jpg [28]

1924

ActressLifespanBirthplaceImageRef.
Clara Bow 1905–1965 Brooklyn, New York City, U.S. Clara Bow - Vermilion.jpg [29]
Elinor Fair 1903–1957 Richmond, Virginia, U.S. Elinor Fair - Jul 1921 EH.jpg [9]
Carmelita Geraghty 1901–1966 Rushville, Indiana, U.S. Carmelita Geraghty stars.jpg [30]
Gloria Grey 1909–1947 Portland, Oregon, U.S. Gloria Grey by Blake Block.png [31]
Ruth Hiatt 1906–1994 Cripple Creek, Colorado, U.S. Ruth Hiatt screen524.jpg [32]
Julanne Johnston 1900–1988 Indianapolis, Indiana, U.S. Julanne Johnston starsofp.jpg [33]
Hazel Keener 1904–1979 Fairbury, Illinois, U.S. Hazel Keener WItzel.jpg [33]
Dorothy Mackaill 1903–1990 Kingston upon Hull, England, U.K. Dorothy Mackaill stars1924.jpg [33]
Blanche Mehaffey 1908–1968 Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S. Mehaffey photop626.jpg [34]
Margaret Morris 1898–1968 Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S. Margaret Morris photop324.jpg [35]
Marian Nixon 1904–1983 Superior, Wisconsin, U.S. Marian Nixon Photoplay829.jpg [36]
Lucille Ricksen 1910–1925 Chicago, Illinois, U.S. Lucille Ricksen pictureplay.jpg [37]
Alberta Vaughn 1904–1992 Ashland, Kentucky, U.S. Alberta Vaughn photop126.jpg [38]

1925

ActressLifespanBirthplaceImageRef.
Betty Arlen 1909–1966 Providence, Kentucky, U.S. Betty Arlen photop325.jpg [39]
Olive Borden 1906–1947 Richmond, Virginia, U.S. Olive Borden CM329.jpg [40]
Anne Cornwall 1897–1980 Brooklyn, New York City, U.S. Anne Cornwall stars1913.jpg [41]
Ena Gregory ‡1906–1993 Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Ena Gregory Freulich.jpg [42]
Madeline Hurlock 1897–1989 Federalsburg, Maryland, U.S. Madeline Hurlock W.jpg [43]
Natalie Joyce 1902–1992 Norfolk, Virginia, U.S. Natalie Joyce photop325.jpg [44]
Violet La Plante 1908–1984 St. Louis, Missouri, U.S. Violet La Plante photop325.jpg [45]
June Marlowe 1903–1984 St. Cloud, Minnesota, U.S. June Marlowe FFF.jpg [46]
Joan Meredith 1907–1980 Hot Springs, Arkansas, U.S. Joan Meredith photop325.jpg [47]
Evelyn Peirce 1908–1960 Del Rio, Texas, U.S. Evelyn Pierce picturep325.jpg [48]
Dorothy Revier 1904–1993 Oakland, California, U.S. Dorothy Revier screenl630.jpg [49]
Duane Thompson 1903–1970 Red Oak, Iowa, U.S. Duane Thompson Hartsook.jpg [50]
Lola Todd 1904–1995 New York City, U.S. Lola Todd photop325.jpg [51]

1926

ActressLifespanBirthplaceImageRef.
Mary Astor 1906–1987 Quincy, Illinois, U.S. Mary Astor CM429.jpg [48]
Mary Brian 1906–2002 Corsicana, Texas, U.S. Mary Brian RD1130.jpg [33]
Joyce Compton 1907–1997 Lexington, Kentucky, U.S. Joyce Compton photop226.jpg [52]
Dolores Costello 1903–1970 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S. Delorescostello.jpg [53]
Joan Crawford 1905?–1977 San Antonio, Texas, U.S. Joancrawford3crop.jpg [33]
Marceline Day 1908–2000 Colorado Springs, Colorado, U.S. Marcelineday.jpg [54]
Dolores del Río ‡1904–1983 Durango, Mexico Dolores del Rio - Publicity - 1932.jpg [22]
Janet Gaynor 1906–1984 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S. Janet gaynor 1927.jpg [33]
Sally Long 1901–1987 Kansas City, Missouri, U.S. Sally Long photop226.jpg [33]
Edna Marion 1906–1957 Chicago, Illinois, U.S. Edna Marion screen628.jpg [55]
Sally O'Neil 1908–1968 Bayonne, New Jersey, U.S. Sally O'Neil CM36.jpg [56]
Vera Reynolds 1899–1962 Richmond, Virginia, U.S. Vera Reynolds photop1229.jpg [57]
Fay Wray ‡1907–2004 Cardston, Alberta, Canada Fay Wray NM430.jpg [33]

1927

ActressLifespanBirthplaceImageRef.
Patricia Avery 1902–1973 Boston, Massachusetts, U.S. Patricia Avery Harriet Louise.jpg [58]
Rita Carewe 1909–1955 New York City, U.S. Rita Carewe motion29.jpg [59]
Helene Costello 1906–1957 New York City, U.S. Helene Costello 20s.jpg [19]
Barbara Kent ‡1907–2011 Gadsby, Alberta, Canada Barbara Kent CM529.jpg [22]
Natalie Kingston 1905–1991 Vallejo, California, U.S. Natalie Kingston (1905-1991).jpg [60]
Frances Lee 1906–2000 Eagle Grove, Iowa, U.S. Frances Lee motion427.jpg [61]
Mary McAllister 1909–1991 Los Angeles, California, U.S. Mary McAllister 2 - 14 Jul 1917 EH.jpg [60]
Gladys McConnell 1905–1979 Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, U.S. Gladys McConnell CM629.jpg [13]
Sally Phipps 1911–1978 Oakland, California, U.S. Sally Phipps screen528.jpg [62]
Sally Rand 1904–1979 Elkton, Missouri, U.S. Sally Rand NYWTS.jpg [60]
Martha Sleeper 1910–1983 Lake Bluff, Illinois, U.S. Martha Sleeper Screenland928.jpg [63]
Iris Stuart 1903–1936 New York City, U.S. Iris Stuart photop327.jpg [64]
Adamae Vaughn 1905–1943 Ashland, Kentucky, U.S. Adamae Vaughn photop327.jpg [65]

1928

ActressLifespanBirthplaceImageRef.
Lina Basquette 1907–1994 San Mateo, California, U.S. Basquette De Mirjian.jpg [66]
Flora Bramley ‡1909–1993 London, England, U.K. Flora Bramley photop428.jpg [67]
Sue Carol 1906–1982 Chicago, Illinois, U.S. Sue Carol MS231.jpg [68]
Ann Christy 1905–1987 Logansport, Indiana, U.S. Ann Christy photop428.jpg [69]
June Collyer 1906–1968 New York City, U.S. June Collyer CM229.jpg [70]
Alice Day 1905–1995 Colorado Springs, Colorado, U.S. Alice Day Witzel.jpg [60]
Sally Eilers 1908–1978 New York City, U.S. Sally Eilers Photoplay133.jpg [60]
Audrey Ferris 1909–1990 Detroit, Michigan, U.S. Audrey Ferris motion728.jpg [67]
Dorothy Gulliver 1908–1997 Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S. Gulliver Freulich.jpg [71]
Gwen Lee 1904–1961 Hastings, Nebraska, U.S. Gwen Lee CM1128.jpg [72]
Molly O'Day 1909–1998 Bayonne, New Jersey, U.S. Molly O'Day screen628.jpg [60]
Ruth Taylor 1905–1984 Grand Rapids, Michigan, U.S. Ruth Taylor phot728.jpg [73]
Lupe Vélez ‡1908–1944 San Luis Potosí, Mexico Lupe Velez - Chrome Yellow.jpg [19]

1929

ActressLifespanBirthplaceImageRef.
Jean Arthur 1900–1991 Plattsburgh, New York, U.S. Jean Arthur - publicity.JPG [74]
Sally Blane 1910–1997 Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S. Sally Blane Stars of the Photoplay.jpg [75]
Betty Boyd 1908–1971 Kansas City, Missouri, U.S. Betty Boyd Hartsook 3.jpg [76]
Ethlyne Clair 1904–1996 Talladega, Alabama, U.S. Ethlyne Clair Freulich 3a.jpg [48]
Doris Dawson 1905–1986 Goldfield, Nevada, U.S. Doris Dawson CM329.jpg [77]
Josephine Dunn 1906–1983 New York City, U.S. Josephine Dunn RHL.jpg [78]
Helen Foster 1906–1982 Independence, Kansas, U.S. Helen Foster Freulich.jpg [79]
Doris Hill 1905–1976 Roswell, New Mexico, U.S. Doris Hill photo529.jpg [80]
Caryl Lincoln 1903–1983 Oakland, California, U.S. Caryl Lincoln photop529.jpg [81]
Anita Page 1910–2008 Queens, New York City, U.S. Anita Page NM1229.jpg [82]
Mona Rico ‡1907–1994 Mexico City, Mexico Mona Rico photop529.jpg [83]
Helen Twelvetrees 1908–1958 Brooklyn, New York City, U.S. Helen Twelvetrees CM229.jpg [84]
Loretta Young 1913–2000 Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S. Loretta Young CM229.jpg [60]

1931

ActressLifespanBirthplaceImageRef.
Joan Blondell 1906–1979 New York City, U.S. Joan Blondell - 1936.jpg [48] [85]
Constance Cummings 1910–2005 Seattle, Washington, U.S. Constance Cummings 1934.jpg [67] [85]
Frances Dade 1910–1968 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S. Frances Dade in Screenland.png [86] [85]
Frances Dee 1909–2004 Los Angeles, California, U.S. Frances Dee ph636.jpg [86] [85]
Sidney Fox 1907–1942 New York City, U.S. Sidney Fox publ.jpg [87] [85]
Rochelle Hudson 1916–1972 Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, U.S. Rochelle Hudson publ.jpg [88] [85]
Anita Louise 1915–1970 New York City, U.S. Anita Louise Freyer.jpg [64] [85]
Joan Marsh 1913–2000 Porterville, California, U.S. Joan Marsh MP831.jpg [67] [85]
Marian Marsh ‡1913–2006 Trinidad and Tobago Marian Marsh New Movie 1031.jpg [89] [85]
Karen Morley 1909–2003 Ottumwa, Iowa, U.S. Karen Morley 2.jpg [67] [85]
Marion Shilling 1910–2004 Denver, Colorado, U.S. Marion Shilling newmovie731.jpg [90] [85]
Barbara Weeks 1913–2003 Somerville, Massachusetts, U.S. Barbara weeks newmovie332.jpg [91] [85]
Judith Wood 1906–2002 New York City, U.S. Judith Wood newmovie232.jpg [92] [85]

1932

ActressLifespanBirthplaceImageRef.
Lona Andre 1915–1992 Nashville, Tennessee, U.S. Lona Andre photoplay 234.jpg [93] [94]
Lilian Bond ‡1908–1991 London, England, U.K. Lilian Bond publ.30.jpg [95] [94]
Mary Carlisle 1914–2018 Boston, Massachusetts, U.S. Mary Carlisle modern138.jpg [96] [94]
June Clyde 1909–1987 St. Joseph, Missouri, U.S. JuneClyde Scarlet.jpg [97]
Patricia Ellis 1915?–1970 Birmingham, Michigan, U.S. Patricia Ellis modern433.jpg [98] [94]
Ruth Hall 1910–2003 Jacksonville, Florida, U.S. Ruth Hall newmovie332.jpg [99] [94]
Eleanor Holm 1912–2004 Brooklyn, New York City, U.S. Eleanor Holm c. 1936.jpg [100] [94]
Evalyn Knapp 1906–1981 Kansas City, Missouri, U.S. Evalyn Knapp Photop432.jpg [22] [94]
Dorothy Layton 1912–2009 Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S. Dorothy Layton newmovie1132.jpg [101] [94]
Boots Mallory 1913–1958 New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S. Boots Mallory - 1930s.jpg [102]
Toshia Mori ‡1912–1995 Kyoto, Japan Toshia Mori newmovie734.jpg [103] [94]
Ginger Rogers 1911–1995 Independence, Missouri, U.S. Ginger Rogers Portrait.jpg [104] [94]
Marian Shockley 1911–1981 Kansas City, Missouri, U.S. Marian Shockley Photoplay33.jpg [105] [94]
Gloria Stuart 1910–2010 Santa Monica, California, U.S. Gloria Stuart Photoplay 1932.png [48] [94]
Dorothy Wilson 1909–1998 Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S. Dorothy Wilson Silverscreen934.jpg [105] [94]

1934

WAMPAS Baby Stars 1934 Wampas Baby Stars 1934.jpg
WAMPAS Baby Stars 1934

From hundreds of entrants, thirty-eight actresses paraded, and thirteen were chosen, by more than 100 Hollywood press agents at The Writers' Club, in Hollywood, California, to comprise the 1934 edition of the Wampas Baby stars. [106]

ActressLifespanBirthplaceImageRef.
Judith Arlen 1914–1968 Hollywood, Los Angeles, U.S. Judith Arlen.png [107] [108]
Betty Bryson1911–1984 Los Angeles, California, U.S. Betty Bryson in Screenland.png [109] [108]
Jean Carmen 1913–1993 Portland, Oregon, U.S. Jean Carmen, 1933 portrait.png [110] [108]
Helen Cohan 1910–1996 New York City, U.S. Helen Cohan.png [111] [108]
Dorothy Drake1916–2005 Santa Monica, California, U.S. Dorothy Drake.png [112] [108]
Jean Gale 1912–1974 San Francisco, California, U.S. Jean Gale Argentinean Magazine AD.jpg [113] [108]
Hazel Hayes1910–1974 La Crosse, Kansas, U.S. Hazel Hayes Modern Screen crop.png [114] [108]
Ann Hovey 1911–2007 Mount Vernon, Indiana, U.S. Ann Hovey.png [115] [108]
Neoma Judge 1908–1978 Mitchell, South Dakota, U.S. Neoma Judge.png [107] [108]
Lucille Lund 1913–2002 Buckley, Washington, U.S. Lucille Lund in Hollywood magazine.png [116] [108]
Lu Ann Meredith 1913–1998 Dallas, Texas, U.S. Lu Ann Meredith in Hollywood magazine.png [117] [108]
Gigi Parrish 1912–2006 Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S. Gigi Parrish.png [118] [108]
Jacqueline Wells 1914–2001 Denver, Colorado, U.S. Jacqueline Wells (aka Julie Bishop).png [119] [108]
Katherine Williams1908–1982 Seattle, Washington, U.S. Katherine Williams, actress.png [120]

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References

  1. ↑ Vogel 2010, p. 20.
  2. 1 2 Slide 2014, p. 231.
  3. 1 2 Bettmann (November 1, 1955). "Wampas Baby Stars of 1956". Getty Images. Hollywood, California. Retrieved 19 July 2023. Wampas Baby Stars of 1956 pose after their selection as winners of the annual contest in Hollywood. From left: Fay Spain, 21, Phoenix, Arizona; Barbara Huffman, 21, Tucson, Arizona; Violet Rensing, 24, Berlin, Germany; Dawn Richard, 18, Los Angeles, California; Donna Cook, 18, Los Angeles, California; Norma Nillson, 18, Los Angeles, California; Ina Poindexter, 23, Covington, Tenn.; Phyllis Applegate, 22, Los Angeles; Del-Fin Thursday, 20, Honolulu; Jolene Brand, 21, Baldwin park, California; Roxanne Arlen, 21, Detroit, Michigan; Lita Milan, 21, Detroit, Michigan; Jewell Lain, 24, Indianapolis, Indiana; Doreen Stevens, 21, Atlantic City, New Jersey, and Barbara Marks, 22, San Diego, California.
  4. ↑ Bettmann (January 1, 1956). "Winners Of Wampas Baby Stars Of 1956". Getty Images. Retrieved 19 July 2023. Left to right, front row, are Dawn Richard, 18, Los Angeles; Doreen Stevens, 21, Atlantic City, New Jersey; Barbara Marks, 22, San Diego; Second Row, Barbara Huffman, 21, Tucson; Jewell Lain, 24, Indianapolis; Fay Spain, 21, Phoenix; Jolene Brand, 21, Baldwin Park; Lita Milan, 21, New York; Third Row, Violet Rensing, 24, Berlin, Germany; Donna Cooke, 19, Los Angeles; Norma Nillson, 18, Los Angeles; Roxanne Arlen, 21, Detroit; Rear, Del-Fin Thursday, 20, Honolulu; Phyllis Applegate, 22, Los Angeles; and Ina Poindexter, 23, Covington, Tennessee.
  5. ↑ Chuck Anderson. "1956 lineup". B-westerns.com. Retrieved 2012-01-06.
  6. ↑ Bernstein, Adam (August 1, 2018). "Mary Carlisle, a perpetual ingenue in dozens of 1930s films, dies at 104". Los Angeles Times . Archived from the original on August 2, 2018.
  7. ↑ Liebman 2000, p. 21.
  8. ↑ Liebman 2000, p. 83.
  9. 1 2 Liebman 2000, p. 121.
  10. ↑ Liebman 2000, p. 124.
  11. ↑ Liebman 2000, p. 127.
  12. ↑ Liebman 2000, p. 130.
  13. 1 2 Liebman 2000, p. 136.
  14. ↑ Liebman 2000, p. 148.
  15. ↑ Liebman 2000, p. 151.
  16. ↑ Liebman 2000, p. 164.
  17. ↑ Liebman 2000, p. 183.
  18. ↑ Liebman 2000, p. 202.
  19. 1 2 3 4 Liebman 2000, p. 221.
  20. 1 2 3 4 Liebman 2000, p. 7.
  21. ↑ Liebman 2000, p. 266.
  22. 1 2 3 4 Liebman 2000, p. 220.
  23. ↑ Liebman 2000, pp. 86–87.
  24. ↑ Liebman 2000, p. 110.
  25. ↑ Liebman 2000, p. 118.
  26. ↑ Liebman 2000, p. 135.
  27. ↑ Liebman 2000, pp. 163–164.
  28. ↑ Liebman 2000, pp. 179–180.
  29. ↑ Liebman 2000, p. 34.
  30. ↑ Liebman 2000, pp. 92–93.
  31. ↑ Liebman 2000, pp. 94–95.
  32. ↑ Liebman 2000, p. 98.
  33. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Liebman 2000, p. 8.
  34. ↑ Liebman 2000, p. 146.
  35. ↑ Liebman 2000, p. 155.
  36. ↑ Liebman 2000, pp. 156–158.
  37. ↑ Liebman 2000, p. 174.
  38. ↑ Liebman 2000, p. 194.
  39. ↑ Liebman 2000, p. 14.
  40. ↑ Liebman 2000, p. 32.
  41. ↑ Liebman 2000, p. 54.
  42. ↑ Liebman 2000, p. 94.
  43. ↑ Liebman 2000, pp. 105–106.
  44. ↑ Liebman 2000, pp. 107–108.
  45. ↑ Liebman 2000, p. 116.
  46. ↑ Liebman 2000, pp. 141–143.
  47. ↑ Liebman 2000, p. 147.
  48. 1 2 3 4 5 Liebman 2000, p. 219.
  49. ↑ Liebman 2000, pp. 171–173.
  50. ↑ Liebman 2000, pp. 189–190.
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  85. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Bettmann (1931). "A Bumper Beauty Crop". Getty Images. Retrieved 19 July 2023. Here are the thirteen lucky girls selected as the 1931 Wampas Baby Stars of Hollywood. Selection by the Wampas has many times led to stardom in the past. Left to right: Joan Blondell, First National; Constance Cummings, Columbia; Francis Dade, an independent player; Frances Dee, Paramount; Karen Morley, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer; Marion Shilling, Pathe; Marian Marsh, Warner Brothers; Barbara Weeks, United Artists. Front row: Anita Louise, Universal; Joan Marsh, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer; Sidney Fox, Universal; Rochelle Hudson, Radio; Judith Wood, Paramount.
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  89. ↑ Liebman 2010, p. 10.
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  91. ↑ Liebman 2000, pp. 197–198.
  92. ↑ Liebman 2000, pp. 206–207.
  93. ↑ Liebman 2000, p. 13.
  94. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Bettmann (December 15, 1932). "Thirteen of the fifteen budding moving pictures stars pictured in their first get-together since their selection as Wampas baby stars by Hollywood publicity agents". Getty Images. Retrieved 19 July 2023. This year the publicity men selected fifteen girls instead of the usual thirteen. These are the girls who, in the opinion of the agents are most likely to achieve stardom in the films. Left to right front row: Dorothy Wilson, Mary Carlisle, Lona Andre, Eleanor Holm and Dorothy Layton. Rear row left to right Toshia Mori, the first Oriental girl chosen as a Wampas star; Ruth Hall, Gloria Stuart, Patricia Ellis, Ginger Rogers, Lilian Bond, Evalyn Knapp and Marion Shockley.
  95. ↑ Liebman 2000, pp. 32–33.
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  104. ↑ Liebman 2000, pp. 176–179.
  105. 1 2 Mank 2015, p. 140.
  106. ↑ Bettmann (March 30, 1934). "Wampas Baby Star Candidates Parade at Writers Club". Getty Images. Retrieved 19 July 2023. Thirty-eight beautiful young motion picture actresses parade before more than 100 Hollywood press agents at the Writers Club. From this number, 13 will be chosen to comprise the 1934 edition of the Wampas Baby stars. Results of the ballotting will be announced later. The entrants were chosen from the ranks of hundreds of youthful actresses who aspire to a career in the films.
  107. 1 2 Liebman 2000, p. 12.
  108. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Bettmann (March 30, 1934). "Wampas Baby Star Layout". Getty Images. Retrieved 19 July 2023. In this array of Wampas baby stars can be seen Judith Arlen; Betty Bryson; Katherine Williams; Gi Gi Parrish; Hazel Hayes; Jean Carmen; Jean Gale; Dorothy Drake; Lu Anne Meredith; Ann Hovey; Helen Cohan; Jacqueline Wells and Lucille Lund.
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