The United States National Security Council (NSC) is the principal forum used by the president of the United States for consideration of national security,military,and foreign policy matters. Based in the White House,it is part of the Executive Office of the President of the United States,and composed of senior national security advisors and Cabinet officials.
The Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs (APNSA),commonly referred to as the National Security Advisor (NSA),is a senior aide in the Executive Office of the President,based at the West Wing of the White House. The national security advisor serves as the principal advisor to the President of the United States on all national security issues.
William Anthony Kirsopp Lake is an American diplomat and political advisor who served as the 17th United States National Security Advisor from 1993 to 1997 and as the 6th Executive Director of UNICEF from 2010 to 2017.
Brent Scowcroft was a United States Air Force officer who was a two-time United States National Security Advisor,first under U.S. President Gerald Ford and then under George H. W. Bush. He served as Military Assistant to President Richard Nixon and as Deputy Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs in the Nixon and Ford administrations. He served as Chairman of the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board under President George W. Bush from 2001 to 2005,and advised President Barack Obama on choosing his national security team.
Joseph Samuel Nye Jr. is an American political scientist. He and Robert Keohane co-founded the international relations theory of neoliberalism,which they developed in their 1977 book Power and Interdependence. Together with Keohane,he developed the concepts of asymmetrical and complex interdependence. They also explored transnational relations and world politics in an edited volume in the 1970s. More recently,he pioneered the theory of soft power. His notion of "smart power" became popular with the use of this phrase by members of the Clinton Administration and the Obama Administration.
Paula Jon Dobriansky is an American diplomat,public official,and foreign policy expert who served as Under Secretary of State for Global Affairs (2001–2009) and the President's Envoy to Northern Ireland (2007–2009). A specialist in Central/East European affairs and the former Soviet Union,trans-Atlantic relations,and political-military affairs,Dobriansky held key senior roles in the administrations of five U.S. presidents.
The Scowcroft Group is an international business advisory firm managed by Brent Scowcroft,former National Security Advisor to U.S. President George H. W. Bush and Gerald Ford.
The Vulcans is a nickname used to refer to Republican presidential candidate George W. Bush's foreign policy advisory team assembled to brief him prior to the 2000 US presidential election.
Robert Michael Kimmitt was United States Deputy Secretary of the Treasury under President George W. Bush. He was nominated by President Bush on June 29,2005. The United States Senate unanimously confirmed him on July 29,2005,and he was sworn into office on August 16,2005. Kimmitt served through the end of the Bush administration,leaving office on January 20,2009.
Alexander Russell "Sandy" Vershbow is an American diplomat and former Deputy Secretary General of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
Esther Diane Brimmer is an American foreign policy expert and former Assistant Secretary of State for International Organization Affairs. In June 2013,she left her post as Assistant Secretary and returned to academia.
Catherine "Cathy" Bertini is an American public servant. She is the 2003 World Food Prize Laureate. She was the Executive Director of the United Nations World Food Program from 1992 to 2002. She served as the UN Under-Secretary for Management from 2003 to 2005. Currently she is a distinguished fellow at the Chicago Council on Global Affairs,the Chair of the Board of the Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN) and the Chair of the Executive Board of the Crop Trust.
Franklin Carroll Miller is a foreign policy and nuclear defense policy expert. Miller served 31 years in the U.S. government,including the Department of State,the Department of Defense and a Special Assistant to President George W. Bush. He is principal at the Washington-based international business advisory firm The Scowcroft Group.
Executive Schedule is the system of salaries given to the highest-ranked appointed officials in the executive branch of the U.S. government. The president of the United States appoints individuals to these positions,most with the advice and consent of the United States Senate. They include members of the president's Cabinet,several top-ranking officials of each executive department,the directors of some of the more prominent departmental and independent agencies,and several members of the Executive Office of the President.
In the United States,black conservatism is a political and social movement rooted in communities of African descent that aligns largely with the American conservative movement,including the Christian right. Black conservatism emphasizes social conservatism,traditionalism,patriotism,capitalism,and free markets. What characterizes a "black conservative" has changed over time,and proponents do not necessarily share the same political philosophy.
Robert David "Bob" Hormats is Vice Chairman of Kissinger Associates. Immediately prior he served as Under Secretary of State for Economic Growth,Energy,and the Environment from 2009 to 2013. Hormats was formerly Vice Chairman of Goldman Sachs (International),which he joined in 1982. He served as Senior Deputy Assistant Secretary,from 1977 to 1979,and Assistant Secretary of State,from 1981 to 1982,at the Bureau of Economic and Business Affairs. He was Ambassador and Deputy U.S. Trade Representative from 1979 to 1981. He served as a senior staff member for International Economic Affairs on the United States National Security Council from 1969 to 1977,where he was senior economic adviser to Henry Kissinger,General Brent Scowcroft and Zbigniew Brzezinski. He helped to manage the Nixon administration's opening of diplomatic relations with China's communist government. He was a recipient of the French Legion of Honor in 1982 and the Arthur S. Flemming Award in 1974.
Richard Greco Jr. is an American businessman,educator,former United States Government official,and long-standing trustee and benefactor of educational,cultural,and civic institutions. He was appointed by President George W. Bush of the United States and confirmed by the Senate as the nation's 19th Assistant Secretary of the Navy and served from 2004 to 2007. In this role,Greco was the chief financial officer of the Department of the Navy,responsible for an annual budget of more than $130 billion and a financial management workforce of 9000 professionals,including budgeters,analysts,auditors,fiscal lawyers,Congressional relations officers,and financial operations personnel. The Department of the Navy would be equivalent to the 7th largest corporation in the world based on revenues. He also served as chairman of the Department of the Navy audit committee,a member of the Acquisition Integrity Board,and the executive committee of the United States Naval Academy. For exceptional service Greco was twice awarded the Department of the Navy's Distinguished Public Service Medal,the highest civilian medal awarded by the Navy. In addition,Greco's Fiscal Year 2005 Department of the Navy Annual Financial Report was awarded the Gold Vision Award and was named one of the top 100 corporate annual reports in the world in the Overall category. During his tenure as Assistant Secretary,Greco also served for two years as National President of the American Society of Military Comptrollers,an association of 18,000 financial professionals. Greco's strategic vision for financial management at the Department of the Navy,entitled Transforming Today to Win Tomorrow,continued to guide the office of the Assistant Secretary for many years following his tenure and included long-term initiatives such as portfolio analysis and management,human capital development,private sector technology adoption,and many others.
G. Philip Hughes is an American diplomat who served as Ambassador of the United States to Barbados,Dominica,St Lucia,Antigua,St. Vincent,and St. Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla from 1990 to 1993,under George H. W. Bush. He is also an adjunct professor at the Institute of World Politics,teaching a course on "The Art of Diplomacy".
African-Americans in foreign policy in the United States catalogs distinguished African Americans who have and continue to contribute to international development,diplomacy,and defense through their work with the U.S. Department of State,the U.S. Agency for International Development,the U.S. Information Agency,and the U.S. Congress,and other notable agencies and non-governmental organizations. The creators acknowledge the presence of the interagency contributions to the foreign affairs realm,and welcome additional content to showcase the achievements of African-Americans in other relevant USG agencies.
