Walter Wobmann | |
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| Member of the National Council | |
| Assumed office 1 December 2003 | |
| Constituency | Solothurn |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 21 November 1957 Entlebuch,Switzerland |
| Political party | Swiss People's Party |
Walter Wobmann (born 21 November 1957) is a Swiss politician for the Swiss People's Party.
Wobmann has held an MP position at the National Council of Switzerland since 2003. He is a member of the Campaign for an Independent and Neutral Switzerland. [1]
Wobmann has campaigned against minarets in Switzerland as president of the committee in support of the Swiss minaret ban referendum in 2009. [2] In 2016,Wobmann has introduced legislation to disallow the wearing of the hijabs in passport photos;this proposal was likened to the French ban on face covering. [3] [4] This would change current Swiss law,which allows the wearing of religious headscarves in photographs taken for Swiss passports and driver's licenses,so long as the face is identifiable. [3]
In modern usage,hijab generally refers to various head coverings conventionally worn by many Muslim women. It is similar to the tichel or snood worn by Orthodox Jewish women,certain headcoverings worn by some Christian women,such as the mantilla,apostolnik and wimple,as well as the dupatta worn by many Hindu and Sikh women. While a hijab can come in many forms,it often specifically refers to a headscarf,wrapped around the head,covering the hair,neck and ears,but leaving the face visible. The use of the hijab has been on the rise worldwide since the 1970s and is viewed by many Muslims as expressing modesty and faith. There is a consensus among Islamic religious scholars that covering the head is either required or preferred,though some Muslim scholars and activists argue that it is not mandated.
A burqa or a burka is an enveloping outer garment worn by some Muslim women which fully covers the body and the face. Also known as a chadaree or chaadar in Afghanistan and Pakistan,or a paranja in Central Asia,the Arab version of the burqa is called the boshiya and is usually black. The term burqa is sometimes conflated with the niqāb even though,in more precise usage,the niqab is a face veil that leaves the eyes uncovered,while a burqa covers the entire body from the top of the head to the ground,with a mesh screen which only allows the wearer to see in front of her. The burqa should also not be confused with the hijab,a garment which covers the hair,neck and all or part of the chest,but does not cover the face.
The French law on secularity and conspicuous religious symbols in schools bans wearing conspicuous religious symbols in French public primary and secondary schools. The law is an amendment to the French Code of Education that expands principles founded in existing French law,especially the constitutional requirement of laïcité:the separation of state and religious activities.
Islamic clothing is clothing that is interpreted as being in accordance with the teachings of Islam. Muslims wear a wide variety of clothing,which is influenced not only by religious considerations,but also by practical,cultural,social,and political factors. In modern times,some Muslims have adopted clothing based on Western traditions,while others wear modern forms of traditional Muslim dress,which over the centuries has typically included long,flowing garments. Besides its practical advantages in the climate of the Middle East,loose-fitting clothing is also generally regarded as conforming to Islamic teachings,which stipulate that body areas which are sexual in nature must be hidden from public view. Traditional dress for Muslim men has typically covered at least the head and the area between the waist and the knees,while women's islamic dress is to conceal the hair and the body from the ankles to the neck. Some Muslim women also cover their face. However,other Muslims believe that the Quran does not mandate that women need to wear a hijab or a burqa.
A niqāb or niqaab,also called a ruband,is a garment,usually black,that covers the face but not the eyes,worn by some Muslim women as a part of an interpretation of hijab. Muslim women who wear the niqab do so in places where they may encounter non-mahram (un-related) men. Somewhat controversial in some parts of the world,the niqab is most often worn in its region of origin:the Arab countries of the Arabian Peninsula –Saudi Arabia,Yemen,and the United Arab Emirates,where it is common and considered as culturally belonging to the region,though not compulsory.
Sunni Islam is,by far,the most widely practiced religion in Tajikistan. Sunni Islam of the Hanafi school is the recognized religious tradition of Tajikistan since 2009. According to a 2009 U.S. State Department release,the population of Tajikistan is 98% Muslim,,with some Sufi orders.
Islam in Switzerland has mostly arrived via immigration since the late 20th century. Numbering below 1% of total population in 1980,the fraction of Muslims in the population of permanent residents in Switzerland has quintupled in thirty years,estimated at just above 5% as of 2013. A majority is from Former Yugoslavia;an additional 20% is from Turkey. This is due to the fact that in the 1960s and 1970s,Switzerland encouraged young men from Yugoslavia and Turkey to come as guest workers. Initially these young men were only planning on staying in Switzerland temporarily,however,revised Swiss immigration laws in the 1970s permitted family regrouping. Consequently,these men ended up staying in Switzerland as these new laws allowed the wives and children of these young men into the country. Since this time period,most of the Muslim immigration to Switzerland stems from asylum seekers arriving primarily from Eastern Europe.
In France,there is an ongoing social,political,and legal debate concerning the wearing of the hijab and other forms of Islamic coverings in public. The cultural framework of the controversy can be traced to France's history of colonization in North Africa,but escalated into a significant public debate in 1989 when three girls were suspended from school for refusing to remove their headscarves. That incident,referred to in France as l'affaire du foulard or l'affaire du voile,initially focused the controversy on the wearing of the hijab in French public schools. Because of the wide-ranging social debates caused by the controversy,l'affaire du foulard has been compared to the Dreyfus affair in its impact on French culture.
Hijab and burka controversies in Europe revolve around the variety of headdresses worn by Muslim women,which have become prominent symbols of the presence of Islam in especially Western Europe. In several countries,the adherence to hijab has led to political controversies and proposals for a legal partial or full ban in some or all circumstances. Some countries already have laws banning the wearing of masks in public,which can be applied to veils that conceal the face. Other countries are debating similar legislation,or have more limited prohibitions. Some of them apply only to face-covering clothing such as the burqa,boushiya,or niqab;some apply to any clothing with an Islamic religious symbolism such as the khimar,a type of headscarf. The issue has different names in different countries,and "the veil" or hijab may be used as general terms for the debate,representing more than just the veil itself,or the concept of modesty embodied in hijab.
A burkini is a style of swimsuit for women. The suit covers the whole body except the face,the hands,and the feet,while being light enough for swimming. This type of swimwear was designed with the intention of creating swimwear for Muslims who observe hijab in this way. The amount of skin covered is about the same as the person wearing a wetsuit and a swimming cap.
The federal popular initiative "against the construction of minarets" was a successful popular initiative in Switzerland to prevent the construction of minarets on mosques. In a November 2009 referendum,a constitutional amendment banning the construction of new minarets was approved by 57.5% of the participating voters. Only three of the twenty Swiss cantons and one half canton,mostly in the French-speaking part of Switzerland,opposed the initiative.
Eight referendums were held in Switzerland during 2009. The first was held on 8 February on extending the freedom of movement for workers from Bulgaria and Romania. The next two were held on 17 May 2009 on introducing biometric passports and the "Future with complementary medicine" proposal. A further two were held on 27 September on increasing VAT and the introduction of public initiatives. The final three were held on 29 November on banning the construction of new minarets,exporting weapons and the use of aviation fuel taxation.
Various styles of head coverings,most notably the khimar,hijab,chador,niqab,paranja,yashmak,tudong,shayla,safseri,carşaf,haik,dupatta,boshiya and burqa,are worn by Muslim women around the world,where the practice varies from mandatory to optional or restricted in different majority Muslim and non-Muslim countries.
Sylvia Flückiger-Bäni is a Swiss politician,a member of the Swiss People's Party.
The French ban on face covering is an act of parliament passed by the Senate of France on 14 September 2010,resulting in the ban on the wearing of face-covering headgear,including masks,helmets,balaclavas,niqābs and other veils covering the face in public places,except under specified circumstances. This ban does not apply to the hijab,as it does not cover the face. The ban also applies to the burqa,a full-body covering,if it covers the face. Consequently,full body costumes and zentais were banned. The bill had previously been passed by the National Assembly of France on 13 July 2010. In April 2011,France became the first European country to impose a ban on full-face veils in public areas.
Daniel Streich is a Swiss military instructor,community council member and a former member of Swiss People's Party. A Protestant who converted to Catholicism and then to Islam,Streich left the Swiss People's Party over the campaign for the national ban on the construction of new minarets.
Mariah Idrissi is a British model,public speaker,and online personality. Idrissi initially gained recognition as the first Muslim hijab-wearing model when she appeared in multinational retailer,H&M's "Close the Loop" campaign in 2015;after which,Idrissi became a leading authority on "modest fashion" appearing on domestic and international news programmes on the subject. In 2016,Idrissi signed to Select modelling agency in 2016 and signed with Insanity Group Management in 2017.
Hijabophobia is a type of religious and cultural discrimination against Muslim women who wear the hijab. The discrimination has had manifestations in public,working and educational places.
Federal referendums were held in Switzerland on 7 March,13 June,26 September,and 28 November 2021. Swiss referendums take three forms:popular initiatives,which are citizen proposals to create a new law and require 100,000 valid signatures on a petition to get on the ballot;facultative or optional referendums,which are citizen proposals to approve or reject a piece of existing law and require 50,000 valid signatures on a petition to get on the ballot;and mandatory referendums,which are required to revise the constitution,join an international organisation or introduce emergency federal legislation for over a year.
The burqa is worn by women in various countries. Some countries have banned it in government offices,schools,or in public places and streets.
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