"Warszawianka" | |
---|---|
Song | |
Language | Polish, Russian |
English title | Whirlwinds of Danger March Song of the Workers The Song of Warsaw Hostile Whirlwinds The Varsovian |
Written | between 1879 and 1883 |
Published | 15 September 1883 |
Genre | Revolutionary song |
Songwriter(s) | Wacław Święcicki Douglas Robson (1st English version) Randall Swingler (2nd English version) |
Composer(s) | Józef Pławiński |
Whirlwinds of Danger (original Polish title: Warszawianka) is a Polish socialist revolutionary song written some time between 1879 and 1883. [1] The Polish title, a deliberate reference to the earlier song by the same title, could be translated as either The Varsovian, The Song of Warsaw (as in the Leon Lishner version [2] ) or "the lady of Warsaw". To distinguish between the two, it is often called "Warszawianka 1905 roku" ("Warszawianka of 1905"), after the song became the anthem of worker protests during the Revolution in the Kingdom of Poland (1905–1907), when 30 workers were shot [3] during the May Day demonstrations in Warsaw in 1905.
According to one version, Wacław Święcicki wrote the song in 1879 while serving a sentence in the Tenth Pavilion of the Warsaw Citadel for socialist activity. Another popular version has it written in 1883, immediately upon Święcicki's return from exile in Siberia. [4] [5] By the beginning of the next decade the song became one of the most popular revolutionary anthems in Russian-held Poland. [6] The music was written by composer Józef Pławiński, who was imprisoned together with Święcicki, inspired partially by the January Uprising song "Marsz Żuawów". [7]
Its Russian version with altered lyrics, which removed any mention of Warsaw from the song, the "Varshavianka" (Варшавянка), once experienced considerable popularity. Gleb Krzhizhanovsky is usually reported as the author of the Russian version and the moment of writing the text is thought to be 1897, when Krzhizhanovsky was imprisoned.
In East Germany, a German translation was created and used as a common piece of marching music by the Army; whilst France's 1st Parachute Hussar Regiment adopted the same music using different lyrics.
In 1924, Isadora Duncan composed a dance routine called Varshavianka to the tune of the song. [8]
An English version of the lyrics, originally titled "March Song of the Workers", but known more widely as "Whirlwinds of Danger", was written by Douglas Robson, a member of the Industrial Workers of the World [9] in the 1920s. A London recording of this version by "Rufus John" Goss, made ca. 1925, is available online. [10] It was notably sung by Paul Robeson (only the first stanza) [11] and Leon Lishner (full version, but with modified lyrics). [2] A different version, which kept Robson's first stanza, but with the second and third completely rewritten by Randall Swingler, was published in 1938. [12] However, this version never achieved major popularity.
In 1936, Valeriano Orobón Fernández adapted "Warszawianka" in Spanish as "A las Barricadas", which became one of the most popular songs of the Spanish anarchists during the Spanish Civil War.
In the early 2010s, Zin Lin, a Burmese student activist, wrote a Burmese version of the song based on the Spanish version.
Original Polish lyrics (Socialist version) |
---|
Śmiało podnieśmy sztandar nasz w górę! |
Modified Polish lyrics (Communist version) |
---|
Śmiało podnieśmy sztandar nasz w górę! |
English literal translation of the Communist lyrics |
---|
Let us raise boldly our banner, |
English literal translation of the Socialist lyrics |
---|
Let us raise boldly our banner, |
Douglas Robson version [9] |
---|
Whirlwinds of danger are raging around us, |
Modernized version [13] |
---|
Whirlwinds of danger are raging around us, |
Russian version |
---|
Вихри враждебные веют над нами, |
German version |
---|
Feindliche Stürme durchtoben die Lüfte, |
Faroese version |
---|
Hungur og neyð alt ov leingi vit kendu, |
Chinese version |
---|
仇恨的風在頭上咆哮怒吼, |
Japanese version |
---|
暴虐の雲 光を覆い |
Romanized Japanese |
---|
Bōgyaku no Kumo Hikari wo o-oi |
Hungarian version |
---|
Rontása tört ránk a dúló viharnak, |
Norwegian version |
---|
Fiendens stormvinder mot oss seg kaster, |
Danish version |
---|
Stormene glammer så vildt over lande, |
Dutch version |
---|
Donkere stormen staan op in de wolken, |
Italian version |
---|
La classe operaia, compagni, è all'attacco, |
Swedish version |
---|
Oss alla unga som längta och strida, |
French version |
---|
En rangs serrés, l'ennemi nous attaque, |
Chinese version |
---|
敵人的烽火在頭上吼叫,黑暗的勢力還在咆哮。 |
Finnish version |
---|
Riistäjät ruoskaa nyt selkäämme soittaa, |
Greek version |
---|
Θύελλες, άνεμοι γύρω μας πνέουν |
Romanised Greek |
---|
Thýelles, ánemoi gýro mas pnéoun |
Estonian version |
---|
Vaenlusetormid meist tuiskavad üle, |
Bengali version |
---|
ঝঞ্ঝা ঝড় মৃত্যু ঘিরে আজি চারিদিক |
Icelandic version |
---|
Uppreisnin breiðist svo ótt yfir landið. |
Burmese version |
---|
အရက်စက်ဆုံးအင်အားသုံး ဖိနှိပ်ကာနေသလေ။ |
Slovene version |
---|
Vihre sovražne pode se nad nami, |
"Poland Is Not Yet Lost", also known as the "Dąbrowski's Mazurka", and the "Song of the Polish Legions in Italy", is the national anthem of Poland.
Józef Klemens Piłsudski was a Polish statesman who served as the Chief of State (1918–1922) and first Marshal of Poland. In the aftermath of World War I, he became an increasingly dominant figure in Polish politics and exerted significant influence on shaping the country's foreign policy. Piłsudski is viewed as a father of the Second Polish Republic, which was re-established in 1918, 123 years after the final partition of Poland in 1795, and was considered de facto leader (1926–1935) of the Second Republic as the Minister of Military Affairs.
Rosa Luxemburg was a Polish and naturalised-German revolutionary socialist, orthodox Marxist, and anti-War activist during the First World War. She became a key figure of the revolutionary socialist movements of Poland and Germany during the late 19th and early 20th century, particularly the Spartacist uprising.
Eugeniusz Bodo was a film director, producer, and one of the most popular Polish actors and comedians of the interwar period. He starred in some of the most popular Polish film productions of the 1930s, including His Excellency, The Shop Assistant, Czy Lucyna to dziewczyna?, and Pieśniarz Warszawy.
"A las Barricadas" was one of the most popular songs of the Spanish anarchists during the Spanish Civil War. "A las Barricadas" is sung to the tune of "Whirlwinds of Danger" ("Warszawianka"), composed by Józef Pławiński. The lyrics written by Valeriano Orobón Fernández in 1936 were partly based on the original Polish lyrics by Wacław Święcicki.
Randall Carline Swingler MM was an English poet, writing extensively in the 1930s in the communist interest.
"Warszawianka 1831 roku", "La Varsovienne" is a Polish patriotic song written by Casimir François Delavigne with music by Karol Kurpiński.
Socialist realism in Poland was a socio-political and aesthetic doctrine enforced by the pro-Soviet communist government in the process of Stalinization of the post-war Polish People’s Republic. The official policy was introduced in 1949 by a decree of the Polish United Workers' Party minister Włodzimierz Sokorski. As in all Soviet-dominated Eastern Bloc countries, Socialist realism became the main instrument of political control in the building of totalitarianism in Poland. However, the trend never became truly dominant. Following Stalin's death, and especially from 1953 on, critical opinions were heard with increasing frequency. Finally, as part of the Gomułka political thaw from within the Polish United Workers' Party, the entire doctrine was officially given up in 1956. Following Bierut's death on March 12, 1956, and the subsequent De-Stalinization of all People's Republics, Polish artists, writers and architects started abandoning it around 1956.
The University of Warsaw is a public research university in Warsaw, Poland. Established in 1816, it is the largest institution of higher learning in the country, offering 37 different fields of study as well as 100 specializations in humanities, technical, and the natural sciences.
Gleb Maksimilianovich Krzhizhanovsky was a Soviet scientist, statesman, revolutionary, Old Bolshevik, and state figure as well as a geographer and writer.
Anarchism in Poland first developed at the turn of the 20th century under the influence of anarchist ideas from Western Europe and from Russia.
Hostile Whirlwinds is a 1953 Soviet historical film directed by Mikhail Kalatozov based on a screenplay by Nikolai Pogodin.
Warszawianka may refer to:
Siedlce pogrom refers to the events of September 8–10 or 11, 1906, in Siedlce, (Congress) Kingdom of Poland. It was part of a wave of pogroms in Russia and controlled territories, in the larger context of the widespread unrest. The pogrom in Siedlce was organized by the Russian secret police (Okhrana). There were 26 fatalities among the Jewish populations.
Wacław Święcicki (1848–1900) was a Polish poet and socialist. He was the author of the revolutionary song Whirlwinds of Danger, the music to which was written by Józef Pławiński.
Lilpop, Rau i Loewenstein was a Polish engineering company. Established in 1818 as an iron foundry, with time it rose to become a large holding company specialising in iron and steel production, as well as all sorts of machinery and metal products.
The Palmiry massacre was a series of mass executions carried out by Nazi German forces, during World War II, near the village of Palmiry in the Kampinos Forest northwest of Warsaw.
Józef Pławiński was a Polish composer and socialist activist.