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A commodity market is a market that trades in the primary economic sector rather than manufactured products,such as cocoa,fruit and sugar. Hard commodities are mined,such as gold and oil. Futures contracts are the oldest way of investing in commodities. Commodity markets can include physical trading and derivatives trading using spot prices,forwards,futures,and options on futures. Farmers have used a simple form of derivative trading in the commodity market for centuries for price risk management.
The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is an independent agency of the United States federal government,created in the aftermath of the Wall Street Crash of 1929. The primary purpose of the SEC is to enforce the law against market manipulation.
The Standard and Poor's 500,or simply the S&P 500,is a stock market index tracking the stock performance of 500 of the largest companies listed on stock exchanges in the United States. It is one of the most commonly followed equity indices and includes approximately 80% of the total market capitalization of U.S. public companies,with an aggregate market cap of more than $43 trillion as of January 2024.
United States Steel Corporation,more commonly known as U.S. Steel,is an American integrated steel producer headquartered in Pittsburgh,Pennsylvania,with production operations primarily in the United States of America and in Central Europe. The company produces and sells steel products,including flat-rolled and tubular products for customers in industries across automotive,construction,consumer,electrical,industrial equipment,distribution,and energy. Operations also include iron ore and coke production facilities.
The Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) is a global derivatives marketplace based in Chicago and located at 20 S. Wacker Drive. The CME was founded in 1898 as the Chicago Butter and Egg Board,an agricultural commodities exchange. For most of its history,the exchange was in the then common form of a non-profit organization,owned by members of the exchange. The Merc demutualized in November 2000,went public in December 2002,and merged with the Chicago Board of Trade in July 2007 to become a designated contract market of the CME Group Inc.,which operates both markets. The chairman and chief executive officer of CME Group is Terrence A. Duffy,Bryan Durkin is president. On August 18,2008,shareholders approved a merger with the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX) and COMEX. CME,CBOT,NYMEX,and COMEX are now markets owned by CME Group. After the merger,the value of the CME quadrupled in a two-year span,with a market cap of over $25 billion.
Charles Christopher Cox is an American attorney and politician who served as chair of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission,a 17-year Republican member of the United States House of Representatives,and member of the White House staff in the Reagan Administration. Prior to his Washington service he was a practicing attorney,teacher,and entrepreneur. Following his retirement from government in 2009,he returned to law practice and currently serves as a director,trustee,and advisor to several for-profit and nonprofit organizations.
The Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT),established on April 3,1848,is one of the world's oldest futures and options exchanges. On July 12,2007,the CBOT merged with the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) to form CME Group. CBOT and three other exchanges now operate as designated contract markets (DCM) of the CME Group.
The New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX) is a commodity futures exchange owned and operated by CME Group of Chicago. NYMEX is located at One North End Avenue in Brookfield Place in the Battery Park City section of Manhattan,New York City.
The Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) is an independent agency of the US government created in 1974 that regulates the U.S. derivatives markets,which includes futures,swaps,and certain kinds of options.
The Securities Investor Protection Corporation is a federally mandated,non-profit,member-funded,United States government corporation created under the Securities Investor Protection Act (SIPA) of 1970 that mandates membership of most US-registered broker-dealers. Although created by federal legislation and overseen by the Securities and Exchange Commission,the SIPC is neither a government agency nor a regulator of broker-dealers. The purpose of the SIPC is to expedite the recovery and return of missing customer cash and assets during the liquidation of a failed investment firm.
Options Clearing Corporation (OCC) is a United States clearing house based in Chicago. It specializes in equity derivatives clearing,providing central counterparty (CCP) clearing and settlement services to 16 exchanges. It was started by Wayne Luthringshausen and carried on by Michael Cahill. Its instruments include options,financial and commodity futures,security futures,and securities lending transactions.
CME Group Inc. is a financial services company. Headquartered in Chicago,the company operates financial derivatives exchanges including the Chicago Mercantile Exchange,Chicago Board of Trade,New York Mercantile Exchange,and The Commodity Exchange. The company also owns 27% of S&P Dow Jones Indices. It is the world's largest operator of financial derivatives exchanges. Its exchanges are platforms for trading in agricultural products,currencies,energy,interest rates,metals,futures contracts,options,stock indexes,and cryptocurrencies futures.
John Francis Sandner was an American business executive and community leader. He served three stints as the chairman of the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME),now the CME Group,in the 1980s and 1990s.
ICE Clear Credit LLC,a Delaware limited liability company,is a Derivatives Clearing Organisation (DCO) previously known as ICE Trust US LLC which was launched in March 2009. ICE offers trade execution and processing for the credit derivatives markets through Creditex and clearing through ICE Trust™. ICE Clear Credit LLC operates as a central counterparty (CCP) and clearinghouse for credit default swap (CDS) transactions conducted by its participants. ICE Clear Credit LLC is a subsidiary of IntercontinentalExchange (ICE). ICE Clear Credit LLC is a wholly owned subsidiary of ICE US Holding Company LP which is "organized under the law of the Cayman Islands but has consented to the jurisdiction of United States courts and government agencies with respect to matters arising out of federal banking laws."
Terrence A. Duffy is an American businessman. He is the chairman and chief executive officer of CME Group,a derivatives marketplace based in Chicago,Illinois.
Securities market participants in the United States include corporations and governments issuing securities,persons and corporations buying and selling a security,the broker-dealers and exchanges which facilitate such trading,banks which safe keep assets,and regulators who monitor the markets' activities. Investors buy and sell through broker-dealers and have their assets retained by either their executing broker-dealer,a custodian bank or a prime broker. These transactions take place in the environment of equity and equity options exchanges,regulated by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC),or derivative exchanges,regulated by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC). For transactions involving stocks and bonds,transfer agents assure that the ownership in each transaction is properly assigned to and held on behalf of each investor.
The University of Notre Dame's annual commencement exercises are held each May,currently in the Notre Dame Stadium. The exercises award undergraduate and graduate degrees.
Robert Jack Birnbaum was an American financial executive who served as president of the American Stock Exchange and president of the New York Stock Exchange. He was the president of the NYSE during the Stock market crash of 1987,dubbed Black Monday. He contributed to the adoption of changes in the exchange's operations after the event,including circuit breakers as trade curbing mechanisms during periods of intense volatility. Birnbaum had earlier worked for the Securities Exchange Commission,where his studies recommended the introduction of the forerunner of the modern National Market System in securities trading.
References
- 1 2 3 Korey, Eileen (5 December 2022). "Turning Orange Power and Purpose Into a Lifetime of Civic Leadership". Syracuse University News. Retrieved 5 December 2022.
- ↑ Michael H. Schill (November 14, 2012). "William Brodsky, "The Multi-purpose JD: How my law degree helped me in my career in business"". University of Chicago Law School (Podcast). Retrieved 2022-01-19.
- 1 2 Witcover, Jules (5 October 2010). Joe Biden: A Life of Trial and Redemption. Harper Collins. pp. 40, 46. ISBN 978-0-06-201433-7 . Retrieved 5 December 2022.
- ↑ Kapos, Shia (2020-10-21). "Biden's Only Head-to-Head Loss ..." Politico . Illinois Playbook. Archived from the original on 2021-07-04. Retrieved 2021-07-04.
- ↑ McCall, Rosie (March 1, 2020). "Biden Victory in South Carolina His First Primary or Caucus Victory Ever in Three Runs For President". Newsweek .
- 1 2 "2015 Commencement - College of Law Commencement 2023". Syracuse University College of Law . Retrieved 5 December 2022.
- ↑ "About Us". www.cboe.com. Retrieved 2022-01-19.
- ↑ "Members: Committee on Capital Markets Regulation". www.capmktsreg.org. Retrieved 2022-01-19.
- ↑ Bomkamp, Samantha. "Brodsky named chairman of Navy Pier". Chicago Tribune . Retrieved 2020-02-20.
- ↑ "President Biden Announces Nominees for Ambassadors and Key Roles". The White House (Press release). 2022-01-19. Retrieved 2022-01-19.
- ↑ "SIPC Welcomes William J. Brodsky to Board of Directors". Securities Investor Protection Corporation. 2022-05-31. Retrieved 2022-06-07.
- ↑ "Joan Beth Breier Engaged to Wed William Brodsky; Junior at Syracuse and a Law Student There Will Be Married". The New York Times . 5 June 1966. Retrieved 19 April 2024.
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