Xerocomus

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Xerocomus
Boletus subtomentosus.jpg
Xerocomus subtomentosus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Fungi
Division:
Basidiomycota
Class:
Agaricomycetes
Order:
Boletales
Suborder:
Boletineae
Family:
Boletaceae
Genus:
Xerocomus

Quél. (1887)
Type species
Xerocomus subtomentosus
(L.) Quél. (1888)

Xerocomus is a genus of poroid fungi related to Boletus . Many mycologists did not originally recognize the distinction between the two genera and placed Xerocomus taxa in genus Boletus. However, several molecular phylogenetic studies have demonstrated that Xerocomus is a heterogeneous genus of polyphyletic origin, [1] which has resulted in further division of Xerocomus into Xerocomellus and Hemileccinum . [2] The members of the genus Xerocomellus are more closely related to Boletus than true Xerocomus is, which is relatively distantly related to Boletus and more closely related to Phylloporus . Other former Xerocomus species have since been moved to Aureoboletus , Imleria , Hortiboletus and Rheubarbariboletus . [3] [4] [5]

Contents

Ladurner and Simonini published a monograph on Xerocomus in 2003, [6] but this predated the taxonomical revisions based on phylogenetic inferences. In 2008, Hills included 18 species found in Britain, not including some species sometimes treated as Xerocomus, and including Boletus pulverulentus and Boletus impolitus ., [7] currently placed in genera Cyanoboletus and Hemileccinum , respectively. More recent phylogenies have confirmed Xerocomus as monophyletic in its new restricted arrangement. [8]

Most members of Xerocomus are edible, though of mediocre gastronomical value and inferior to the sought-after porcini.

Species

Description

Morphological features of xerocomoid boletes [2] [19] [20] "
Boletus s.str. Hemileccinum Xerocomellus Xerocomus s.str.
Spore SurfaceSmoothSmoothLongitudinally striated or smooth, never bacillateBacillate
Hymenophoral tramaBoletoid type with gelatinous lateral strataBoletoid type with gelatinous lateral strataIntermediate between boletoid and phylloporoid when fully developed with distinct but weakly gelatinous lateral strataPhylloporoid type with nongelatinous lateral strata
PileipellisTrichoderm, sometimes collapsing, rarely ixotrichoderm or otherInitially trichoderm but collapses with ageInitially palisadoderm, typically encrustedInitially a trichoderm, never encrusted
Lateral stipe stratumFrequently gelatinous, 60-90 μM thick, thicker than that of Xerocomellus Similar to that of Leccinum species, ornamented with stipe scabrousities up to 400-640 μM thickFrequently not present, reduced to no more than 30-40 μM thick, not gelatinousLateral stipe stratum never gelatinous and 80-200 μM thick

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Boletaceae</span> Family of fungi

The Boletaceae are a family of mushroom-forming fungi, primarily characterised by small pores on the spore-bearing hymenial surface, instead of gills as are found in most agarics. Nearly as widely distributed as the agarics, the family is renowned for hosting some prime edible species highly sought after by mushroom hunters worldwide, such as the cep or king bolete . A number of rare or threatened species are also present in the family, that have become the focus of increasing conservation concerns. As a whole, the typical members of the family are commonly known as boletes.

<i>Xerocomellus chrysenteron</i> Species of fungus

Xerocomellus chrysenteron, formerly known as Boletus chrysenteron or Xerocomus chrysenteron, is a small, edible, wild mushroom in the family Boletaceae. These mushrooms have tubes and pores instead of gills beneath their caps. It is commonly known as the red cracking bolete.

<i>Xerocomus subtomentosus</i> Species of fungus

Xerocomus subtomentosus, commonly known as suede bolete, brown and yellow bolete , boring brown bolete or yellow-cracked bolete, is a species of bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae. The fungus was initially described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753 and known for many years as Boletus subtomentosus. It is edible, though not as highly regarded as other bolete mushrooms.

<i>Aureoboletus</i> Genus of fungi

Aureoboletus is a genus of bolete fungi in the family Boletaceae. It was circumscribed by Czech mycologist Zdeněk Pouzar in 1957. A taxonomic monograph was published in 2010 by Wolfgang Klofac.

<i>Boletellus</i> Genus of fungi

Boletellus is a genus of fungi in the family Boletaceae. The genus has a widespread distribution, especially in subtropical regions, and contains about 50 species. The genus was first described by American mycologist William Alphonso Murrill in 1909. The genus name means "small Boletus".

<i>Phylloporus</i> Genus of fungi

Phylloporus is a genus of fungi in the family Boletaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution, and contains about 50 species, mostly in tropical areas.

<i>Aureoboletus mirabilis</i> Species of fungus

Aureoboletus mirabilis, commonly known as the admirable bolete, the bragger's bolete, and the velvet top, is an edible species of fungus in the Boletaceae mushroom family. The fruit body has several characteristics with which it may be identified: a dark reddish-brown cap; yellow to greenish-yellow pores on the undersurface of the cap; and a reddish-brown stem with long narrow reticulations. Aureoboletus mirabilis is found in coniferous forests along the Pacific Coast of North America, and in Asia. Unusual for boletes, A. mirabilis sometimes appears to fruit on the wood or woody debris of Hemlock, suggesting a saprobic lifestyle. Despite occasional appearances to the contrary, Aureoboletus mirabilis is mycorrhizal, and forms close mutualistic associations with hemlock roots.

<i>Rubroboletus rhodoxanthus</i> Species of fungus

Rubroboletus rhodoxanthus is a species of bolete in the family Boletaceae, native to Europe. Previously known as Boletus rhodoxanthus, it was transferred in 2014 to the newly erected genus Rubroboletus, based on DNA data.

<i>Xerocomus illudens</i> Species of fungus

Xerocomus illudens is a species of bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae. Described as new to science in 1898, it is found in Asia and North America, where it grows in a mycorrhizal association with oak.

<i>Aureoboletus projectellus</i> Species of fungus

Aureoboletus projectellus is a species of bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae. Found in North America, and recently in Europe, it grows in a mycorrhizal association with pine trees.

<i>Xerocomellus</i> Genus of fungi

Xerocomellus is a genus of fungi in the family Boletaceae. The genus, as it was described in 2008, contained 12 species. However X. rubellus and X. engelii were transferred to the new genus Hortiboletus and X. armeniacus was transferred to the new genus Rheubarbariboletus in 2015. Molecular analysis supports the distinction of Xerocomellus species from Boletus and Xerocomus, within which these species were formerly contained. Xerocomellus in fact is only distantly related to Xerocomus and is most closely related to Tylopilus, Boletus sensu stricto, Porphyrellus, Strobilomyces, and Xanthoconium.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Boletineae</span> Suborder of fungi

The Boletineae are a suborder of the fungal order Boletales. Families in the Boletineae include the Boletaceae and the Paxillaceae.

<i>Hemileccinum subglabripes</i> Species of fungus

Hemileccinum subglabripes is a fungus of the family Boletaceae native to North America. It was first described by Charles Horton Peck in 1887 as Boletus subglabripes. In 2015 it was transferred to Hemileccinum based on DNA evidence.

<i>Rheubarbariboletus armeniacus</i> Species of fungus

Rheubarbariboletus armeniacus is a small mushroom in the family Boletaceae native to Europe. It was formerly placed in the genera Boletus, Xerocomus, and Xerocomellus. It acquired its current name when it was transferred to genus Rheubarbariboletus in 2015.

<i>Hemileccinum</i> Genus of fungi

Hemileccinum is a genus of fungi in the family Boletaceae. It was erected in 2008 by Josef Šutara to contain two species united by a number of shared morphological features: H. depilatum and the type H. impolitum. In 2014, Wu et al. found it to be distinct from other bolete genera in a molecular phylogenetic study and found it to be most closely related to Corneroboletus. In 2015, H. subglabripes was transferred to Hemileccinum from Boletus based on DNA evidence, while subsequent studies further confirmed the monophyly of the genus.

<i>Xerocomellus pruinatus</i> Species of fungus

Xerocomellus pruinatus, commonly known as the matte bolete and formerly known as Boletus pruinatus or Xerocomus pruinatus, is a mushroom in the family Boletaceae native to Europe.

<i>Hemileccinum impolitum</i> Species of fungus

Hemileccinum impolitum is a basidiomycete fungus of the family Boletaceae, native to Europe. It is commonly referred to as the iodine bolete, because its fruit bodies tend to emit an iodine odour when cut, more detectable in the stem base or overripe specimens.

<i>Aureoboletus auriporus</i> Species of fungus

Aureoboletus auriporus, is a species of bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae that is found in Europe and North America. It was originally described in 1872 by American mycologist Charles Horton Peck, who called it Boletus auriporus. Zdenek Pouzar transferred it to the genus Aureoboletus in 1957.

References

  1. 1 2 Nuhn ME, Binder M, Taylor AF, Halling RE, Hibbett DS (2013). "Phylogenetic overview of the Boletineae". Fungal Biology. 117 (7–8): 479–511. doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2013.04.008. PMID   23931115.
  2. 1 2 Šutara J. (2008). "Xerocomus s.l. in the light of the present state of knowledge" (PDF). Czech Mycology. 60 (1): 29–62. doi:10.33585/cmy.60104.
  3. ↑ Klofac W. (2010). "Die Gattung Aureoboletus, ein weltweiter Überblick. Ein Beitrag zu einer monographischen Bearbeitung" [The genus Aureoboletus, a world-wide survey. A contribution to a monographic treatment]. Österreichische Zeitschrift für Pilzkunde (in German). 19: 133–174 (see pp. 142–3).
  4. ↑ Vizzini A. (12 June 2014). "Nomenclatural novelties" (PDF). Index Fungorum (147): 1. ISSN   2049-2375.
  5. ↑ Vizzini A. (26 June 2015). "Nomenclatural novelties" (PDF). Index Fungorum: 1. ISSN   2049-2375.
  6. ↑ Ladurner H, Simonini G (2003). Xerocomus s.l. Fungi Europaei. Vol. 8. Alassio: Edizioni Candusso. ISBN   978-88-901057-2-2.
  7. ↑ Hills AE. (2008). "The genus Xerocomus: A personal view, with a key to the British species". Field Mycology. 9 (3): 77–96. doi: 10.1016/S1468-1641(10)60416-1 .
  8. ↑ Loizides M, Bellanger JM, Assyov B, Moreau PA, Richard F (2019). "Present status and future of boletoid fungi (Boletaceae) on the island of Cyprus: cryptic and threatened diversity unraveled by 10-year study". Fungal Ecology. 41 (13): 65–81. doi:10.1016/j.funeco.2019.03.008.
  9. 1 2 Ortiz-Santana B, Lodge DJ, Baroni TJ, Both EE (2007). "Boletes from Belize and the Dominican Republic" (PDF). Fungal Diversity. 27: 247–416 (see p. 379).
  10. 1 2 3 Husbands DR, Henkel TW, Bonito G, Vilgalys R, Smith ME (2013). "New species of Xerocomus (Boletales) from the Guiana Shield, with notes on their mycorrhizal status and fruiting occurrence". Mycologia. 105 (2): 422–35. doi:10.3852/12-146. PMID   23080024.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 6 McNabb RFR. (1968). "The Boletaceae of New Zealand". New Zealand Journal of Botany. 6 (2): 137–76. doi: 10.1080/0028825X.1968.10429056 . Open Access logo PLoS transparent.svg
  12. ↑ De AB. (2006). "Two new additions to Indian Boletaceae". Journal of Natural History (India). 2 (1): 11–6. ISSN   0973-6166.
  13. ↑ Sagar A, Lakhanpal TN (1991). "Fleshy fungi Of N.W. Himalayas XIV. Species of Boletus new to India". Indian Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology. 21 (3): 262–3. ISSN   0303-4097.
  14. ↑ Yan WJ, Li TH, Zhang M, Li T (2013). "Xerocomus porophyllus sp. nov., morphologically intermediate between Phylloporus and Xerocomus". Mycotaxon. 124: 255–62. doi: 10.5248/124.255 .
  15. ↑ "International Institute for Species Exploration". Archived from the original on May 28, 2008. Retrieved May 27, 2008.
  16. ↑ Arora, D. (1986). Mushrooms Demystified: A Comprehensive Guide to the Fleshy Fungi (2nd ed.). Berkeley, California: Ten Speed Press. pp.  517–18. ISBN   0-89815-169-4.
  17. ↑ Nilson, S.; Persson, O. (1977). Fungi of Northern Europe 1: Larger Fungi (Excluding Gill-Fungi). Penguin. p. 106. ISBN   0-14-063005-8.
  18. ↑ Halling RE, Fechner N, Nuhn M, Osmundson T, Soytong K, Arora D, Binder M, Hibbett D (2015). "Evolutionary relationships of Heimioporus and Boletellus (Boletales), with an emphasis on Australian taxa including new species and new combinations in Aureoboletus, Hemileccinum and Xerocomus". Australian Systematic Botany. 28 (1): 1–22. doi:10.1071/SB14049.
  19. ↑ Šutara, J. (1989). "The delimitation of the genus Leccinum". Ceská Mykologie. 43: 1–12.
  20. ↑ Šutara J. (1991). "Pseudoboletus, a new genus of Boletales". Ceská Mykologie. 45 (1–2): 1–9.
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