Yellow cardinal

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Yellow cardinal
Gubernatrix cristata - Yellow cardinal (male); Ibera marshes, Corrientes, Argentina.jpg
CITES Appendix II (CITES) [2]
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Thraupidae
Genus: Gubernatrix
Lesson, 1837
Species:
G. cristata
Binomial name
Gubernatrix cristata
(Vieillot, 1817)
Gubernatrix cristata map.svg

The yellow cardinal (Gubernatrix cristata) is a species of South American bird in the tanager family Thraupidae. It is the only member of its genus, Gubernatrix. It is very rare and can only be found in South America.

Contents

Taxonomy

The yellow cardinal was formally described in 1817 by the French ornithologist Louis Pierre Vieillot under the binomial name Coccothraustes cristata. [3] [4] The specific epithet is from the Latin cristatus meaning "crested" or "plumed". [5] The species was moved to its own genus Gubernatrix by the French naturalist René Lesson in 1837. [6] The genus name is the Latin word for "governess". [7]

Although traditionally included in the family Emberizidae, a study published in 2011 found that the species was more closely related to the tanager family Thraupidae. [8] A comprehensive study of the tanagers published in 2014 found strong support for a sister relationship between the yellow cardinal and the diuca finch. [9] The two species are known to hybridize, however the yellow cardinal is monotypic and no subspecies are recognised. [10] [11]

Distribution and habitat

It is found in Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. Its natural habitats are dry savanna, temperate shrubland, subtropical or tropical moist shrubland, and temperate grassland. It is threatened by habitat loss and from pet trade trappers for sale as exotic pets. [12] Males are trapped at a higher rate than females, and the yellow cardinal is considered endangered due to the constant entrapment. [13] There was a study conducted that looked at the vocalization of the Yellow Cardinal in its habitat. It was found that there was some variation with the diuca finch.[ clarification needed ] [14]

Status

The current global population of Gubernatrix cristata is between 1000 and 2000. [15] Studies have shown that there are some genetic differences between different populations. [16] Another study has shown that the yellow cardinal presents plasticity in song production, with small differences in song among four different populations. [17]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tanager</span> Family of birds

The tanagers comprise the bird family Thraupidae, in the order Passeriformes. The family has a Neotropical distribution and is the second-largest family of birds. It represents about 4% of all avian species and 12% of the Neotropical birds.

<i>Saltator</i> Genus of birds

Saltator is a genus of passerine birds in the tanager family Thraupidae that are found in Central and South America. They have thick bills, relatively long tails and strong legs and feet. Before the introduction of molecular genetic methods in the 21st century these species were placed in the cardinal family Cardinalidae.

<i>Tachyphonus</i> Genus of birds

Tachyphonus is a genus of birds in the tanager family Thraupidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Black-goggled tanager</span> Species of bird

The black-goggled tanager is a species of bird in the family, Thraupidae. It is the only member of the genus Trichothraupis. It is found at low levels in forest and woodland in a large part of eastern and southern Brazil, eastern Paraguay and far north-eastern Argentina, with a disjunct population along the East Andean slope in Peru, Bolivia and far north-western Argentina. While generally common and widespread, and consequently considered to be of least concern by BirdLife International and IUCN, the population associated with the Andes is relatively local and uncommon.

<i>Phrygilus</i> Genus of birds

Phrygilus is a genus of mainly Andean seed-eating tanagers commonly known as sierra finches. Phrygilos means finch in Ancient Greek. Traditionally classified in the bunting and American sparrow family Emberizidae, more recent studies have shown them to belong in the Thraupidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Slender-billed finch</span> Species of bird

The slender-billed finch is a species of bird in the tanager family Thraupidae. It is the only member of the genus Xenospingus.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Inca finch</span> Genus of birds

The Inca finches form the genus Incaspiza, of finch-like birds in the tanager family Thraupidae. They were traditionally placed in the family Emberizidae, but molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that they are closely related to the Thraupidae. Both their scientific and common name refer to the Incan civilization.

<i>Camarhynchus</i> Genus of birds

Camarhynchus is a genus of birds in the tanager family Thraupidae. All species of Camarhynchus are endemic to the Galápagos Islands, and together with related genera, they are collectively known as Darwin's finches. Formerly classified in the bunting and American sparrow family Emberizidae, more recent molecular genetic studies have shown it to belong in the tanager family.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Grey-headed tanager</span> Species of bird

The grey-headed tanager is a widely distributed species of small Neotropical bird in the tanager family Thraupidae. It is the only member of the genus Eucometis.

<i>Geospiza</i> Genus of birds

Geospiza is a genus of bird in the tanager family Thraupidae. All species in the genus are endemic to the Galápagos Islands. Together with related genera, they are collectively known as Darwin's finches. Although in the past, they were classified in the bunting and American sparrow family Emberizidae, more recent studies have shown they belong in the tanager family.

<i>Loxigilla</i> Genus of birds

Loxigilla is a genus of passerine birds in the tanager family Thraupidae. The two species are both endemic to the Lesser Antilles.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yellow-shouldered grassquit</span> Species of bird in the family Thraupidae.

The yellow-shouldered grassquit is a species of bird in the tanager family Thraupidae that is endemic to Jamaica. It is the only member of the genus Loxipasser. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest, subtropical or tropical moist montane forest, and heavily degraded former forest.

<i>Melanospiza</i> Genus of birds

Melanospiza is a genus of Neotropical birds in the tanager family Thraupidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Flame-crested tanager</span> Species of bird

The flame-crested tanager is a species of bird in the family Thraupidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical dry shrubland. Ten subspecies are currently recognized.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Blue-and-yellow tanager</span> Species of bird

The blue-and-yellow tanager is a species of bird in the tanager family Thraupidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Black-backed bush tanager</span> Species of bird

The black-backed bush tanager, also known as the black-backed bush-finch, is a species of bird in the family Thraupidae. It is the only member in the genus Urothraupis. It is found in Colombia and Ecuador. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

<i>Poospizopsis</i> Genus of birds

Poospizopsis is a genus of warbler-like tanagers. They are found in highland forest in South America.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Warbler-finch</span> Genus of birds

The warbler-finches are a genus Certhidea of birds in the tanager family Thraupidae that are endemic to the Galápagos Islands. Together with related genera, they are collectively known as Darwin's finches.

<i>Asemospiza</i> Genus of birds

Asemospiza is a genus of South American birds in the tanager family Thraupidae.

<i>Microspingus</i> Genus of birds

Microspingus is a genus of warbler-like birds in the tanager family Thraupidae. They are found in highland forest in South America.

References

  1. ↑ BirdLife International (2018). "Gubernatrix cristata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018: e.T22721578A131888081. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22721578A131888081.en . Retrieved 15 November 2021.
  2. ↑ "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
  3. ↑ Vieillot, Louis Pierre (1817). Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc (in French). Vol. 13. Paris: Deterville. p. 531. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.20211.
  4. ↑ Paynter, Raymond A. Jr, ed. (1970). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 13. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 210.
  5. ↑ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 122. ISBN   978-1-4081-2501-4.
  6. ↑ Lesson, René (1837). Histoire Naturelle Générale et Particulière des Mammifères et des Oiseaux Décoverts Depuis la Mort de Buffon (in French). Vol. 8 Oiseaux. Paris: Pourrat Frères. p. 295.
  7. ↑ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 180. ISBN   978-1-4081-2501-4.
  8. ↑ Campagna, L.; Geale, K.; Handford, P.; Lijtmaer, D.A.; Tubaro, P.L.; Lougheed, S.C. (2011). "A molecular phylogeny of the Sierra-Finches (Phrygilus, Passeriformes): Extreme polyphyly in a group of Andean specialists". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 61 (2): 521–533. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.07.011. hdl: 11336/68885 . PMID   21807104.
  9. ↑ Burns, K.J.; Shultz, A.J.; Title, P.O.; Mason, N.A.; Barker, F.K.; Klicka, J.; Lanyon, S.M.; Lovette, I.J. (2014). "Phylogenetics and diversification of tanagers (Passeriformes: Thraupidae), the largest radiation of Neotropical songbirds". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 75: 41–77. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.02.006. PMID   24583021.
  10. ↑ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2020). "Tanagers and allies". IOC World Bird List Version 10.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 20 October 2020.
  11. ↑ "Common Diuca-Finch x Yellow Cardinal (hybrid)". Avibase. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
  12. ↑ Barilla, James. "Zoopolis." My Backyard Jungle: The Adventures of an Urban Wildlife Lover Who Turned His Yard into Habitat and Learned to Live with It. New Haven: Yale UP, 2014. 296-97. Print.
  13. ↑ Domínguez, Marisol; Tiedemann, Ralph; Reboreda, Juan C.; Segura, Luciano; Tittarelli, Fabián; Mahler, Bettina (2017-10-01). "Genetic structure reveals management units for the yellow cardinal (Gubernatrix cristata), endangered by habitat loss and illegal trapping". Conservation Genetics. 18 (5): 1131–1140. Bibcode:2017ConG...18.1131D. doi:10.1007/s10592-017-0964-4. ISSN   1572-9737. S2CID   3948404.
  14. ↑ Domínguez, Marisol; Reboreda, Juan Carlos; Mahler, Bettina (2016). "Effects of fragmentation and hybridization on geographical patterns of song variation in the endangered Yellow Cardinal Gubernatrix cristata". Ibis. 158 (4): 738–746. doi:10.1111/ibi.12388. hdl: 11336/61397 . ISSN   1474-919X.
  15. ↑ BirdLife International (2019) Species factsheet: Gubernatrix cristata. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 13/04/2019
  16. ↑ Domínguez, M., Tiedemann, R., Reboreda, J.C. et al. Conserv Genet (2017) 18: 1131. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-017-0964-4
  17. ↑ Domínguez, M. , Reboreda, J. C. and Mahler, B. (2016), Effects of fragmentation and hybridization on geographical patterns of song variation in the endangered Yellow Cardinal Gubernatrix cristata. Ibis, 158: 738-746. doi:10.1111/ibi.12388


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