Yirgou massacre

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Yirgou massacre
Part of Jihadist insurgency in Burkina Faso
Burned house in Yirgou 2019.jpg
Burned house in Yirgou
LocationYirgou, Barsalogho Department, Burkina Faso
other villages in Barsalogho department
DateDecember 31, 2018 - January 2, 2019 (initial attack)
January 2 - June 22 (reprisal attacks)
Deaths46 (per Burkinabe government)
210 (per CISC and locals)
216 (per US State Department)
PerpetratorKoglweogo

On the night between December 31, 2018, and January 1, 2019, alleged Ansarul Islam jihadists attacked the village of Yirgou, in Barsalogho Department, Burkina Faso. While initial reports claimed the attack killed six people, including the village chief and his son, later reports and investigations showed up to 210 people were killed.

Contents

After the attack, fighters from the civilian-based ethnic Mossi militia Koglweogo launched reprisal attacks in ethnic Fulani areas in Barsalogho department, killing dozens of civilians and further intensifying the Fula-Mossi conflict.

Prelude

Since 2015, northern Burkina Faso has been embroiled in a jihadist insurgency with three main jihadist groups - Ansarul Islam, Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin (JNIM), and Islamic State in the Greater Sahara (ISGS). [1] From 2015 to 2018, many attacks were low-level ambushes in the north, with larger attacks in the Burkinabe capital of Ouagadougou. [2] After the Loroni ambush  [ fr ] on December 27, 2018, President Roch Marc Christian Kaboré launched a state of emergency. [2]

Massacre

The first attack began on the night of December 31, when unknown armed fighters only described as "terrorists" by the Burkinabe government attacked the town of Yirgou. [2] In the attack, the terrorists arrived in Yirgou on motorcycles, firing shots into the air before killing twelve people, including the village chief and his son. [3] [4] The attackers then retreated north, towards the province of Soum. [3]

The violence in Yirgou was quickly followed by reprisal attacks from members of the Koglweogo, a Mossi militia group. [5] The Koglweogo attacked Fulani herdsmen and villagers, accusing them of aiding the jihadists. [5] According to the Collective Against the Impunity and Stigmatization of Communities, a Burkinabe human rights organization, seventeen villages were attacked by the Koglweogo in the reprisal attacks. [4] Residents of Yirgou speaking to Voice of America claimed that the Koglweogo returned to Yirgou, and began burning the homes of Fulani civilians and then killing them. [6]

The reprisal killings began on January 2, and most towns were around the outside of Barsalogho city. [7] In the attacks, the Burkinabe government alleged 46 civilians were killed, although locals and the CISC claim that the real death toll is around 210–216. [4] [7] The attacks displaced dozens of thousands of civilians by April 2019, and most Burkinabe army attempts to mitigate the killings only ended up aiding the Koglweogo. [8] The first town affected by the reprisals was Koulpagre, where a man named Diallo Alaye was kidnapped and tortured by the Koglweogo on January 28. [9] The Koglweogo then killed 22 others in the town. [9] Biguel-Kassaye was affected secondly, with nineteen civilians killed and much of the town fleeing towards the capital of Barsalogho. [10] Other villages included Sagho and Guiendbila, where eighteen civilians were killed, Boundussi, where 13 were killed, Madou, where 7 were killed, Dakhan, where 17 were killed, Sago a second time, killing nine, Kougri Koulga, killing 19, Toekedogo, killing 19, Taate, killing fifteen, Boundossi again, killing five, Wiliwissou, killing 11, and Margou, Palal Sambo, and Talelgo, killing one each. [4] [9]

These reprisal attacks continued until June 22, 2019. [11]

Related Research Articles

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Burkina Faso is a landlocked country in West Africa. It covers an area of 274,223 km2 (105,878 sq mi), bordered by Mali to the northwest, Niger to the northeast, Benin to the southeast, Togo and Ghana to the south, and Ivory Coast to the southwest. As of 2021, the country had an estimated population of 23,674,480. Previously called Republic of Upper Volta (1958–1984), it was renamed Burkina Faso by President Thomas Sankara. Its citizens are known as Burkinabè, and its capital and largest city is Ouagadougou.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jihadist insurgency in Burkina Faso</span> Ongoing insurgency in Burkina Faso (2015–present)

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On January 10, 2019, Ansarul Islam militants killed 20 civilians in Gasseliki, Burkina Faso. The attack came in the wake of a massacre perpetrated by the Koglweogo in Yirgou, in Barsalogho department, just days earlier.

On April 8, 2022, unknown jihadists ambushed a Burkinabe military base near the town of Namissiguima, in Sanmatenga Province, Burkina Faso.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2022 Boala attack</span>

On December 7, 2022, ten Volunteers for the Defense of the Homeland militants, a Burkinabe civilian militia, were killed at a market in Boala Department, Centre-Nord Region, Burkina Faso. A second attack on December 10 killed seven civilians.

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On December 30, 2022, dozo militants affiliated with the Volunteers for the Defense of the Homeland (VDP) killed over 88 civilians in Nouna, Burkina Faso.

Between April 29 and 30, 2017, French forces launched an offensive against jihadists from Ansarul Islam and Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin based in the Foulsaré forest in southern Mali. The operation was dubbed Operation Bayard by the French.

Boureima Dicko, nom de guerre Ibrahim Malam Dicko, was a Burkinabe jihadist and the founder of Ansarul Islam.

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On January 11, 2023, unknown jihadists killed nine civilians at a mosque in Goulgountou, Burkina Faso.

On January 28, 2023, suspected Islamic State jihadists attacked Burkinabe soldiers and Volunteers for the Defense of the Homeland (VDP) militiamen in the city of Falagountou, Burkina Faso.

On May 30, 2020, unknown militants ambushed an aid convoy escorted by Burkinabe gendarmes near the town of Barsalogho as it was returning from delivering food to civilians in Sanmatenga Province, Burkina Faso. Thirteen people were killed and forty were wounded in the attack.

Between November 2019 and June 2020, the bodies of over 180 civilians were discovered in and around the city of Djibo, Burkina Faso. Most of the killings targeted Fulani, and were committed by Burkinabe Armed Forces, Volunteers for the Defense of the Homeland (VDP), and Defense and Security Forces (FDS). Several mass graves were made for the victims in March and April 2020.

References

  1. ↑ "Burkina Faso's war against militant Islamists". BBC News. 2017-04-03. Retrieved 2023-03-24.
  2. 1 2 3 "Burkina Faso : le bilan de l'attaque de Yirgou s'alourdit et passe de 13 à 46 morts – Jeune Afrique". JeuneAfrique.com (in French). Retrieved 2023-03-24.
  3. 1 2 "Burkina: représailles communautaires après les attaques de groupes armés". RFI (in French). 2019-01-03. Retrieved 2023-03-27.
  4. 1 2 3 4 LEPAYS, Editions (2019-02-04). "DRAME DE YIRGOU". Editions Le Pays (in French). Retrieved 2023-03-27.
  5. 1 2 "Burkina Faso: Witness testimony confirms armed group perpetrated mass killings". Amnesty International. 2020-03-20. Retrieved 2023-03-27.
  6. ↑ "Nouveau bilan d'au moins 48 morts dans les violences intercommunautaires". VOA (in French). Retrieved 2023-03-28.
  7. 1 2 "2019 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Burkina Faso". United States Department of State. 2020. Retrieved March 28, 2023.
  8. ↑ "Burkina Faso, part 1: Spreading violence triggers an 'unprecedented' crisis". The New Humanitarian. 2019-04-17. Retrieved 2023-03-28.
  9. 1 2 3 Morin (2019-02-01). "Yirgou: C'est donc plus de 200 morts!". Wakat Séra (in French). Retrieved 2023-03-28.
  10. ↑ rtb.bf (2019-01-16). "Région du Centre-Nord: Le bilan humain de l'attaque terroriste et des violences communautaires meurtrières connu dans sa répartition géographique (communiqué)". Radiodiffusion Télévision du Burkina (in French). Retrieved 2023-03-28.
  11. ↑ "Burkina Faso: Witness testimony confirms armed group perpetrated mass killings". Amnesty International. 2020-03-20. Retrieved 2023-03-28.

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