1982 Commonwealth Games

Last updated

XII Commonwealth Games
1982 Commonwealth Games logo.svg
Host city Brisbane, Australia
MottoThe Friendly Games
Nations46
Athletes1,583
Events141 events in 12 sports
Opening30 September 1982
Closing9 October 1982
Opened by Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh
Athlete's Oath Tracey Wickham
Queen's Baton Final Runner Raelene Boyle
Main venue QEII Stadium
  XI
XIII  

The 1982 Commonwealth Games was held in Brisbane, Australia, from 30 September to 9 October 1982. The Opening Ceremony was held at the QEII Stadium (named after Elizabeth II), in the Brisbane suburb of Nathan. The QEII Stadium was also the athletics and archery events venue. [1] Other events were held at the purpose-built Sleeman Sports Complex in Chandler.

Contents

The Chairman of the 1982 Commonwealth Games was Sir Edward Williams. [2] The 1982 Commonwealth Games Logo was designed by Paulo Ferreira, who was the winner of a nationwide competition held in 1982. [3] [4] [5] The symbol is derived from the form of a bounding kangaroo. The three bands, forming stylized A's (for Australia), and a bicycle frame representing Cycling they are in colours which are common to flags of many Commonwealth countries.

The mascot for the games was a cartoon kangaroo called Matilda. [6] A 13-metre-high (42.65 feet) mechanical kangaroo travelled around the stadium and winked at the crowd.

The event was officially opened by The Duke of Edinburgh and closed by Elizabeth II.

Host selection

Bidding for the XII Commonwealth Games was held in Montreal, Canada, at the 1976 Montreal Summer Olympics. Lagos, Brisbane, Kuala Lumpur, and Birmingham were the bidding cities. On 14 July 1976, it was announced that Brisbane had won the rights to stage the Games [7] after the other candidate cities withdrew bids. Sixteen years after the Brisbane Games, Kuala Lumpur hosted the 1998 Commonwealth Games, while Birmingham hosted the 2022 Commonwealth Games.

Brisbane was awarded the Games by default after being the only candidate city left at the bid election after Birmingham reversed its decision to submit an application. [7] Nigeria's boycott of the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal made Lagos' bid lobbying impractical. [8] The 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal were plagued with cost overruns, and bidding on a sports festival anywhere in the world was not good politically. [9]

Participating teams

Countries and places which competed at the 1982 games Commonwealth games 1982 countries map.PNG
Countries and places which competed at the 1982 games

Forty-six Commonwealth nations and territories took part in the 1982 Commonwealth Games. [10] A total of 1,583 athletes and 571 officials participated in the event. [11] The Griffith University student dormitories in Gold Coast and the adjoining Nathan Campus were used as athletes' villages. [12]

Participating Commonwealth countries and territories
Debuting Commonwealth countries and territories

^  Note: The Falkland Islands debut at the games was partially poignant coming less than four months after the Falklands War .

Sports

Sports contested during the 1982 Commonwealth Games included athletics, archery, badminton, lawn bowls, boxing, cycling, shooting, swimming, diving, weightlifting and wrestling. [13]

Table tennis and Australian rules football were demonstration sports, [14] with the latter being demonstrated at a 6 October rematch at the Gabba of that year's VFL Grand Final, which took place just 11 days before at the Melbourne Cricket Ground. Richmond won the demonstration rematch with a score of 28.16 (184) to Carlton's 26.10 (166). [15]

Venues

Standalone Venues

Highlights

Opening ceremony (30 September)

Opening ceremony of the 1982 Commonwealth Games in Brisbane with mascot Matilda winking to the crowd, 30 September 1982 Opening ceremony (8075978683).jpg
Opening ceremony of the 1982 Commonwealth Games in Brisbane with mascot Matilda winking to the crowd, 30 September 1982

The ceremony at the QEII Stadium was held on a fine but extremely windy day. The wind was so strong that skydivers who were going to descend into the stadium were cancelled. [11] Instead they made an entrance at the closing ceremony.

Day 1 (1 October)

The first event of the Games was 100 kilometres (62 mi) Road Trial in cycling. England won the Gold Medal in the event, and Australia won the Silver Medal—coming second to England by only six seconds.

Other sports which were contested on the first day of competition included swimming and diving, weightlifting, shooting and bowls.

Day 2 (2 October)

Sports contested included swimming, diving, weightlifting, shooting, cycling, bowls and archery.

The day was marred by both Australia and Canada being disqualified in the 4 × 100 metres relay in swimming, both problems occurring during change-overs. The medals awarded for this race went to England, Scotland and New Zealand.

Day 4 (4 October)

Sports contested included swimming, diving, cycling, athletics, archery, hammer throwing and shooting.

The day was marred when Canada was again disqualified, this time in the 4 × 200 metres freestyle relay. Canada protested against the winners, Australia, as well as against their own disqualification.

Closing ceremony

Her Majesty The Queen at the Closing Ceremony of the Games Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II at the Closing Ceremony of the XII Commonwealth Games, Brisbane.jpg
Her Majesty The Queen at the Closing Ceremony of the Games

Elizabeth II closed the Games during a colourful ceremony, which included parachute jumpers (who had originally been also intended as part of the Opening Ceremony display) jumping and landing in a special target area within the stadium and red, white and blue balloons. Matilda the Kangaroo also winked at the Queen. Following the closing of the Games, the Queen and the Duke left the stand to be driven from the stadium. However, nobody wanted the Games to end and the Australian team formed a 'guard of honour' and ran beside and behind the car in which Queen Elizabeth and Prince Philip were travelling, as it circled the stadium several times before finally leaving. [17] Team members from other countries also joined in running after the royal car.

Aboriginal movement protests

The Brisbane Commonwealth Games were also noted by large-scale protests by the Aboriginal rights movement in Australia, which brought to the centre of international media attention the lack of Indigenous land rights in Australia, poor living condition and suppression of personal and political rights in Queensland in particular, and in Australia as a whole. [18] One of the targets of the protests was Queensland's Aborigines Act 1971 , [19] which restricted and controlled the lives of Aboriginal people in Queensland. [20]

There were large marches on 26 September (2,000 people), 20 September (1000), and a sit-in of 104 people on 4 October. Also on that day, around 20 spectators held Aboriginal flags in the stadium during the entire program. On 7 October, about 500 people attended another protest, and 400 police arrested 260 people, including then Governor-General's daughter, Ann Stephen. [21] The protests were all peaceful, but police came out in force and blocked roads, making arrests under Queensland's Traffic Act. [22]

Activists taking part in the protests included Gary Foley [19] and Bob Weatherall (both leaders of the protest); Billy Craigie; [22] Lyall Munro Jnr; [23] Ross Watson; [21] Wayne Wharton; [24] and Selwyn Johnson and his family. Selwyn's brother Hedley Johnson was a musician, of the Brisbane group Mop and the Dropouts. Their song, "Brisbane Blacks", written by Mop Conlon, became a kind of anthem for the protests. [25] [26] [27]

Bob Weatherall, a Kamilaroi elder, is a lifelong activist, [28] a researcher in Aboriginal history, [29] and musical collaborator with Brisbane band Halfway [30]

The protests, which were followed by large-scale arrests, are a significant event in the history of the Australian Aboriginal rights movement. [31] [32] [33] When the Commonwealth Games returned to Australia in 2018 at the Gold Coast, it drew a series of peaceful protests. [21] [24]

The classic Australian film "Guniwaya Ngigu (We Fight)" documents the Aboriginal protest movement during the Commonwealth Games, and was directed by Madeline McGrady and Tracey Moffatt, and produced by Maureen Watson, Tiga Bayles and Madeline McGrady.

Legacy

In 2009 as part of the Q150 celebrations, the 1982 Commonwealth Games were announced as one of the Q150 Icons of Queensland for its role as a "Defining Moment". [34] Brisbane also bid for the 1992 Summer Olympics but lost to Barcelona. Queensland Premier Annastacia Palaszczuk announced on 9 December 2019 that the state will make an official bid for the 2032 Summer Olympics featuring venues across Brisbane, Gold Coast and Sunshine Coast. [35] [36]

Medals by country

This is the full table of the medal count of the 1982 Commonwealth Games. These rankings sort by the number of gold medals earned by a country. The number of silvers is taken into consideration next and then the number of bronze. If, after the above, countries are still tied, equal ranking is given and they are listed alphabetically. This follows the system used by the IOC, IAAF and BBC.

  *   Host nation (Australia)

RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia  (AUS)*393929107
2Flag of England.svg  England  (ENG)383832108
3Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada  (CAN)26233382
4Flag of Scotland.svg  Scotland  (SCO)861226
5Flag of New Zealand.svg  New Zealand  (NZL)581326
6Flag of India.svg  India  (IND)58316
7Flag of Nigeria.svg  Nigeria  (NGR)50813
8Flag of Wales (1959-present).svg  Wales  (WAL)4419
9Flag of Kenya.svg  Kenya  (KEN)42410
10Flag of the Bahamas.svg  Bahamas  (BAH)2226
11Flag of Jamaica.svg  Jamaica  (JAM)2114
12Flag of Tanzania.svg  Tanzania  (TAN)1225
13Flag of Hong Kong 1959.svg  Hong Kong  (HKG)1012
Flag of Malaysia 23px.svg  Malaysia  (MAS)1012
15Flag of Fiji.svg  Fiji  (FIJ)1001
Flag of Zimbabwe.svg  Zimbabwe  (ZIM)1001
17Ulster Banner.svg  Northern Ireland  (NIR)0336
18Flag of Uganda.svg  Uganda  (UGA)0303
19Flag of Zambia.svg  Zambia  (ZAM)0156
20Flag of Guernsey.svg  Guernsey  (GUE)0112
21Flag of Bermuda.svg  Bermuda  (BER)0011
Flag of Eswatini.svg  Eswatini  (SWZ)0011
Flag of Singapore.svg  Singapore  (SIN)0011
Totals (23 entries)143141154438

Medals by event

Aquatics

Archery

Athletics

Badminton

Bowls

Boxing

EventGoldSilverBronze
Light FlyweightMenFlag of Kenya.svg  Abraham Wachire  (KEN)Flag of England.svg  John Lyon  (ENG)Flag of Zambia.svg  Lucky Siame  (ZAM)
Flag of Eswatini.svg  Leonard Makhanya  (SWZ)
FlyweightMenFlag of Kenya.svg  Michael Mutua  (KEN)Flag of Scotland.svg  Joseph Kelly  (SCO)Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Grant Richards  (AUS)
Flag of Zambia.svg  Albert Musankabala  (ZAM)
BantamweightMenFlag of Nigeria.svg  Joe Orewa  (NGR)Ulster Banner.svg  Roy Webb  (NIR)Flag of England.svg  Ray Gilbody  (ENG)
Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Richard Reilly  (AUS)
FeatherweightMenFlag of Nigeria.svg  Peter Konyegwachie  (NGR)Flag of England.svg  Peter Hanlon  (ENG)Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Rodney Harberger  (AUS)
Flag of Zambia.svg  Winfred Kabunda  (ZAM)
LightweightMenFlag of Kenya.svg  Hussein Khalili  (KEN)Flag of England.svg  James McDonnell  (ENG)Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Brian Tink  (AUS)
Flag of the Bahamas.svg  Steve Larrimore  (BAH)
Light WelterweightMenFlag of Nigeria.svg  Christopher Ossai  (NGR)Flag of Kenya.svg  Charles Owiso  (KEN)Flag of England.svg  Clyde McIntosh  (ENG)
Flag of Zambia.svg  David Chibuye  (ZAM)
WelterweightMenFlag of England.svg  Chris Pyatt  (ENG)Flag of Zambia.svg  Laston Mukobe  (ZAM)Flag of Nigeria.svg  Charles Nwokolo  (NGR)
Flag of India.svg  Chenanda Machaiah  (IND)
Light MiddleweightMenFlag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Shawn O'Sullivan  (CAN)Flag of England.svg  Nick Croombes  (ENG)Flag of Nigeria.svg  Roland Omoruyi  (NGR)
Ulster Banner.svg  Tom Corr  (NIR)
MiddleweightMenFlag of England.svg  Jimmy Price  (ENG)Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Douglas Sam  (AUS)Flag of Nigeria.svg  Jeremiah Okoroduddu  (NGR)
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Kevin McDermott  (CAN)
Light HeavyweightMenFlag of Fiji.svg  Fine Sani  (FIJ)Flag of Uganda.svg  Jonathan Kirisa  (UGA)Flag of New Zealand.svg  Kevin Barry  (NZL)
Flag of Zambia.svg  Joseph Poto  (ZAM)
HeavyweightMenFlag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Willie DeWit  (CAN)Flag of England.svg  Harold Hylton  (ENG)Flag of Tanzania.svg  William Isangura  (TAN)
Flag of Kenya.svg  Mohammed Abdallah  (KEN)

Cycling

Diving

Shooting

Pistol

EventGoldSilverBronze
50m Free PistolMen/OpenFlag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Tom Guinn  (CAN)553Flag of England.svg  Geoffrey Robinson  (ENG)543Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Phil Adams  (AUS)540
50m Free Pistol – PairsMen/OpenFlag of Australia (converted).svg  Phil Adams & John Tremelling  (AUS)1077Flag of New Zealand.svg  Barrie Wickins & Rex Hamilton  (NZL)1075Flag of England.svg  Geoffrey Robinson & Frank Wyatt  (ENG)1074
25m Centre-Fire PistolMen/OpenFlag of England.svg  John Cooke  (ENG)580Flag of Scotland.svg  James Cairns  (SCO)579Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Noel Ryan  (AUS)577
25m Centre-Fire Pistol – PairsMen/OpenFlag of Australia (converted).svg  Noel Ryan & Alexander Taransky  (AUS)1151Flag of India.svg  Mohinder Lal & Ashok Pandit  (IND)1138Flag of England.svg  John Cooke & John Gough  (ENG)1131
25m Rapid-Fire PistolMen/OpenFlag of Hong Kong 1959.svg  Lee Kui Nang  (HKG)583Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Jim Timmerman  (CAN)583Flag of England.svg  John Cooke  (ENG)582
25m Rapid-Fire Pistol – PairsMen/OpenFlag of Australia (converted).svg  Peter Heuke & Alexander Taransky  (AUS)1160Flag of Scotland.svg  James Cairns & Hugh Hunter  (SCO)1152Flag of India.svg  Sharad Chauran & Ramakrishnan Vijay  (IND)1151
10m Air PistolMen/OpenFlag of England.svg  George Darling  (ENG)576Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Phil Adams  (AUS)573Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Tom Guinn  (CAN)571
10m Air Pistol – PairsMen/OpenFlag of Australia (converted).svg  Phil Adams & Gregory Colber  (AUS)1128Flag of England.svg  Geoffrey Robinson & George Darling  (ENG)1126Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Jim Timmerman & Tom Guinn  (CAN)1125

Rifle

EventGoldSilverBronze
50m Rifle ProneMen/OpenFlag of Australia (converted).svg  Alan Smith  (AUS)1184Flag of England.svg  Malcolm Cooper  (ENG)1184Flag of Wales (1959-present).svg  Bill Watkins  (WAL)1177
50m Rifle Prone – PairsMen/OpenFlag of England.svg  Malcolm Cooper & Mike Sullivan  (ENG)1187Flag of Wales (1959-present).svg  Colin Harris & Bill Watkins  (WAL)1183Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Patrick Vamplew & Ernest Sopsich  (CAN)1180
50m Rifle Three PositionsMen/OpenFlag of Scotland.svg  Alister Allan  (SCO)1146Flag of England.svg  Malcolm Cooper  (ENG)1145Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Guy Lorion  (CAN)1144
50m Rifle Three Positions – PairsMen/OpenFlag of England.svg  Malcolm Cooper & Barry Dagger  (ENG)2301Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Guy Lorion & Jean-François Sénécal  (CAN)2279Flag of Scotland.svg  Alister Allan & Bill MacNeill  (SCO)2277
Full Bore RifleMen/OpenFlag of Scotland.svg  Arthur Clarke  (SCO)387Flag of Wales (1959-present).svg  Lord John Swansea  (WAL)385Flag of Guernsey.svg  Charles Trotter  (GGY)384
Full Bore Rifle – PairsMen/OpenFlag of Australia (converted).svg  Keith Affleck & Geoffrey Ayling  (AUS)572Flag of England.svg  John Bloomfield & Dick Rosling  (ENG)570Ulster Banner.svg  David Calvert & Hazel Mackintosh  (NIR)563
10m Air RifleMen/OpenFlag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Jean-François Sénécal  (CAN)574Flag of Guernsey.svg  Matthew Guille  (GGY)572Flag of England.svg  Malcolm Cooper  (ENG)570
10m Air Rifle – PairsMen/OpenFlag of Scotland.svg  Alister Allan & Bill MacNeill  (SCO)1137Flag of England.svg  Malcolm Cooper & Barry Dagger  (ENG)1126Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Norbert Jahn & Anton Wurfel  (AUS)1123

Shotgun

EventGoldSilverBronze
TrapMen/OpenFlag of England.svg  Peter Boden  (ENG)191Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Terry Rumbel  (AUS)190Flag of England.svg  Peter Croft  (ENG)190
Trap – PairsMen/OpenFlag of Australia (converted).svg  Jim Ellis & Terry Rumbel  (AUS)190Flag of England.svg  Peter Croft & Peter Boden  (ENG)186Flag of Scotland.svg  James Young & Martin Girvan  (SCO)183
SkeetMen/OpenFlag of New Zealand.svg  John Woolley  (NZL)197Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Ian Hale  (AUS)196Flag of England.svg  Wally Sykes  (ENG)195
Skeet – PairsMen/OpenFlag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Brian Gabriel & Fred Altmann  (CAN)191Flag of England.svg  Jim Sheffield & Wally Sykes  (ENG)190Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Alex Crikis & Ian Hale  (AUS)190

Swimming

Weightlifting

EventGoldSilverBronze
Flyweight – OverallMenFlag of Australia (converted).svg  Nick Voukelatos  (AUS)207.5Flag of India.svg  Grunadan Kambiah  (IND)200Flag of Nigeria.svg  Lawrence Tom  (NGR)192.5
Bantamweight – OverallMenFlag of England.svg  Geoff Laws  (ENG)235Flag of India.svg  Bijay Kumar Satpathy  (IND)227.5Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Lorenzo Orsini  (AUS)222.5
Featherweight – OverallMenFlag of England.svg  Dean Willey  (ENG)267.5Flag of India.svg  M Tamil Selvan  (IND)245Flag of Singapore.svg  Chua Koon Siang  (SIN)242.5
Lightweight – OverallMenFlag of Wales (1959-present).svg  David Morgan  (WAL)295Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Bill Stellios  (AUS)285Flag of Nigeria.svg  Patrick Bassey  (NGR)277.5
Middleweight – OverallMenFlag of England.svg  Steve Pinsent  (ENG)312.5Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Tony Pignone  (AUS)305Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Jacques Demers  (CAN)302.5
Light Heavyweight – OverallMenFlag of England.svg  Newton Burrowes  (ENG)325Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Guy Greavette  (CAN)320Flag of Nigeria.svg  Cosmas Idioh  (NGR)317.5
Middle Heavyweight – OverallMenFlag of Australia (converted).svg  Robert Kabbas  (AUS)337.5Flag of England.svg  Peter Pinsent  (ENG)335Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Mike Sabljak  (AUS)325
Sub Heavyweight – OverallMenFlag of Nigeria.svg  Oliver Orok  (NGR)350Flag of England.svg  Gary Langford  (ENG)350Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Kevin Roy  (CAN)340
Heavyweight – OverallMenFlag of Wales (1959-present).svg  John Burns  (WAL)347.5Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Joe Kabalan  (AUS)325Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Mario Leblanc  (CAN)315
Super Heavyweight – OverallMenFlag of Australia (converted).svg  Dean Lukin  (AUS)377.5Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Bob Edmond  (AUS)347.5Flag of Nigeria.svg  Bassey Ironbar  (NGR)320

Wrestling

EventGoldSilverBronze
Light FlyweightMenFlag of India.svg  Ram Chander Sarang  (IND)Flag of New Zealand.svg  Steve Reinsfield  (NZL)Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Maldwyn Cooper  (CAN)
FlyweightMenFlag of India.svg  Mahabir Singh  (IND)Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Ray Takahashi  (CAN)Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Ken Hoyt  (AUS)
BantamweightMenFlag of England.svg  Brian Aspen  (ENG)Flag of India.svg  Ashok Kumar  (IND)Flag of New Zealand.svg  Chris Maddock  (NZL)
FeatherweightMenFlag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Bob Robinson  (CAN)Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Cris Brown  (AUS)Flag of Nigeria.svg  Augustine Atasie  (NGR)
LightweightMenFlag of India.svg  Jagminder Singh  (IND)Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Zsigmund Kelevitz  (AUS)Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Lloyd Renken  (CAN)
WelterweightMenFlag of India.svg  Rajinder Singh  (IND)Flag of New Zealand.svg  Ken Reinsfield  (NZL)Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Brian Renken  (CAN)
MiddleweightMenFlag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Chris Rinke  (CAN)Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Wally Koenig  (AUS)Flag of India.svg  Jai Parkash Kangar  (IND)
Light HeavyweightMenFlag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Clark Davis  (CAN)Flag of India.svg  Kartar Singh  (IND)Flag of New Zealand.svg  Nigel Sargeant  (NZL)
HeavyweightMenFlag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Richard Deschatelets  (CAN)Flag of India.svg  Satpal Singh  (IND)Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Murray Avery  (AUS)
Super HeavyweightMenFlag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Wyatt Wishart  (CAN)Flag of India.svg  Rajinder Singh  (IND)Flag of Scotland.svg  Albert Patrick  (SCO)

See also

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">2018 Commonwealth Games opening ceremony</span>

The opening ceremony for the 2018 Commonwealth Games took place on the evening of Wednesday 4 April in the Carrara Stadium, Gold Coast. As mandated by the Commonwealth Games Charter, the proceedings of the ceremony combined the formal opening of the sporting event with an artistic performance to showcase the host nation's culture. The 2018 Games were formally opened by Charles, Prince of Wales. Jack Morton Worldwide was given the contract to produce the opening and closing ceremonies of the 2018 Commonwealth Games. The theme of the opening ceremony was Hello Earth and directed by David Zolkwer.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bids for the 2032 Summer Olympics</span> Selection of the host for the 2032 Summer Olympics

The selection of the host for the 2032 Summer Olympics saw a new process being introduced from 2019. The bidding process saw Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, chosen as the preferred and expected host that was officially certified by the IOC on the eve of the 2020 Summer Olympics on 21 July 2021 in Tokyo, Japan.

Brisbane 2032 is a successful bid for the 2032 Summer Olympics by the city of Brisbane and the Australian Olympic Committee. On 10 June 2021, the bid won IOC board approval and is expected to host the 2032 Summer Olympics. Brisbane officially received the rights to host the Olympics on 21 July 2021. Brisbane became the first host city to win the bid unopposed since 1984.

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Other sources

Preceded by
Edmonton
Commonwealth Games
Brisbane
XII Commonwealth Games
Succeeded by
Edinburgh

27°33′30″S153°3′44″E / 27.55833°S 153.06222°E / -27.55833; 153.06222