You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Dutch. (June 2010)Click [show] for important translation instructions.
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This article's lead section contains information that is not included elsewhere in the article.(September 2022) |
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All 150 seats in the House of Representatives 76 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Turnout | 75.40% ( 4.95pp) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.
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General elections were held in the Netherlands on Wednesday 9 June 2010. This was triggered by the fall of Prime Minister Jan Peter Balkenende's fourth cabinet on 20 February with Queen Beatrix accepting the resignation of the Labour Party (PvdA) ministers on 23 February. [1] The conservative-liberal People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD), led by Mark Rutte, won the largest number of seats in the House of Representatives while the social-democratic PvdA, led by Job Cohen, came a narrow second. The election was also noted for the rise of the Party for Freedom (PVV), which came third, led by controversial politician Geert Wilders. On the other hand, Balkenende's Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) saw a poor result, losing half its seats (along with popular support) and dropping from first to fourth place. The Socialist Party (SP) also lost seats. Notably, the 31 seats won by the VVD was its most since 1998, and the one-seat margin between the VVD and PvdA is the closest on record. [2]
After the election, the formation of a new government took 127 days. Both the VVD and the PvdA hoped to have a leading role. VVD talks with the PvdA and other left-wing parties (trying to form a so-called Purple Coalition without Christian parties) broke down; however, Rutte was able to form a right-wing coalition of the VVD and CDA, with the PVV formally making an agreement (gedoogakkoord) to support the government but without holding any cabinet seats. It was the first coalition government not to be led by a Christian democratic or socialist party in 92 years, as well as the first to be led by the VVD. Rutte was sworn in as Prime Minister on 14 October, becoming the first liberal to hold that post since 1918.
The 150 seats of the House of Representatives (Tweede Kamer der Staten-Generaal) were contested, and were filled using party-list proportional representation for a nominal four-year term.
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (June 2010) |
The election follows the PvdA's withdrawal in February from the coalition over the contribution of Dutch soldiers to the War in Afghanistan. [3] According to the Dutch constitution new elections had to be held within 83 days.
The first radio debate was held on 21 May 2010. The first television debate, held on 23 May was, according to instant polls, won by Mark Rutte on 36%, with Job Cohen second on 24%, and Geert Wilders and Jan Peter Balkenende third, on 18%. [4]
Party | 2006 | Politieke Barometer [5] | Peil.nl [6] | TNS-NIPO [7] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% | Seats (150) | 8-6-2010 | Exit polls (21.00 hrs) | 7-6-2010 | Exit polls | 31-5-2010 | Exit polls | |
CDA | 26.5 | 41 | 24 | 21 | 25 | 24 | 21 | 21 |
PvdA | 21.2 | 33 | 30 | 31 | 30 | 30 | 31 | 29 |
SP | 16.6 | 25 | 14 | 15 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 15 |
VVD | 14.7 | 22 | 33 | 31 | 36 | 34 | 37 | 36 |
PVV | 5.9 | 9 | 17 | 23 | 18 | 18 | 17 | 18 |
GL | 4.6 | 7 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 11 | 8 | 10 |
CU | 4.0 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 9 | 6 |
D66 | 2.0 | 3 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 10 | 11 |
PvdD | 1.8 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
SGP | 1.6 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 |
ToN/Trots* | – | – | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Others | 1.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – |
* Trots op Nederland is the party formed by Rita Verdonk after she split from the VVD in 2007 and became an independent representative. |
Polls indicated that the elections were too close to call. [8]
Turnout was reported to be over 5% less than the previous elections [9] allegedly due to heavy rain and stormy weather. [10]
Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
People's Party for Freedom and Democracy | 1,929,575 | 20.49 | 31 | +9 | |
Labour Party | 1,848,805 | 19.63 | 30 | −3 | |
Party for Freedom | 1,454,493 | 15.45 | 24 | +15 | |
Christian Democratic Appeal | 1,281,886 | 13.61 | 21 | −20 | |
Socialist Party | 924,696 | 9.82 | 15 | −10 | |
Democrats 66 | 654,167 | 6.95 | 10 | +7 | |
GroenLinks | 628,096 | 6.67 | 10 | +3 | |
Christian Union | 305,094 | 3.24 | 5 | −1 | |
Reformed Political Party | 163,581 | 1.74 | 2 | 0 | |
Party for the Animals | 122,317 | 1.30 | 2 | 0 | |
Trots op Nederland | 52,937 | 0.56 | 0 | New | |
Party for Human and Spirit | 26,196 | 0.28 | 0 | New | |
Pirate Party | 10,471 | 0.11 | 0 | New | |
List 17 / Feijen List | 7,456 | 0.08 | 0 | New | |
Partij één | 2,042 | 0.02 | 0 | New | |
New Netherlands | 2,010 | 0.02 | 0 | New | |
Heel NL | 1,255 | 0.01 | 0 | New | |
Evangelical Party Netherlands | 924 | 0.01 | 0 | New | |
Total | 9,416,001 | 100.00 | 150 | 0 | |
Valid votes | 9,416,001 | 99.71 | |||
Invalid/blank votes | 26,976 | 0.29 | |||
Total votes | 9,442,977 | 100.00 | |||
Registered voters/turnout | 12,524,152 | 75.40 | |||
Source: Kiesraad |
Province | VVD | PvdA | PVV | CDA | SP | D66 | GL | CU | SGP | PvdD | Others |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Drenthe | 19.2 | 26.2 | 13.0 | 13.8 | 9.8 | 5.2 | 5.9 | 4.3 | 0.5 | 1.1 | 1.0 |
Flevoland | 24.5 | 19.0 | 16.2 | 10.6 | 8.6 | 5.5 | 5.6 | 4.9 | 2.5 | 1.4 | 1.2 |
Friesland | 15.5 | 24.8 | 11.4 | 18.2 | 11.5 | 4.7 | 6.2 | 5.1 | 0.6 | 1.1 | 0.9 |
Gelderland | 19.4 | 18.7 | 13.5 | 15.7 | 9.7 | 6.6 | 6.6 | 4.2 | 3.4 | 1.1 | 1.1 |
Groningen | 14.5 | 27.6 | 11.4 | 11.1 | 11.7 | 6.5 | 8.3 | 6.1 | 0.5 | 1.5 | 0.8 |
Limburg | 15.5 | 15.6 | 26.8 | 16.0 | 12.9 | 4.7 | 5.3 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 1.3 | 1.2 |
North Brabant | 21.0 | 16.1 | 17.4 | 16.2 | 13.4 | 6.5 | 5.5 | 1.0 | 0.4 | 1.1 | 1.4 |
North Holland | 23.5 | 23.6 | 13.5 | 9.0 | 8.4 | 8.9 | 8.6 | 1.5 | 0.2 | 1.6 | 1.2 |
Overijssel | 16.9 | 19.1 | 12.6 | 20.4 | 9.3 | 5.9 | 5.4 | 6.2 | 2.5 | 0.9 | 0.8 |
South Holland | 22.4 | 18.6 | 16.9 | 11.2 | 8.2 | 7.4 | 6.4 | 3.6 | 2.7 | 1.5 | 1.1 |
Utrecht | 23.2 | 18.1 | 12.5 | 12.0 | 7.1 | 9.2 | 8.9 | 4.6 | 2.2 | 1.2 | 1.0 |
Zeeland | 17.5 | 17.4 | 15.0 | 16.3 | 9.2 | 4.3 | 4.8 | 4.3 | 8.6 | 1.4 | 1.2 |
Prime Minister Jan Peter Balkenende stepped down from his position in the CDA and resigned his parliamentary seat on the evening of the election, saying he was taking "political responsibility" for the unsatisfactory election results of his party and that "The voter has spoken, the outcome is clear." [12]
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2010) |
Expectations were that the formation of a new government would take some time. [13] The international media also read this as a slim victory for the "austerity-minded" Liberals amidst the 2010 European sovereign debt crisis. [14]
On 14 October, Mark Rutte was sworn in as prime minister. [15] Rutte's government resigned on 24 April 2012 over austerity measures.
Some international media speculated that "for the first time in this nation's history, a Jewish man, albeit a secular one, is on the verge of becoming the next prime minister ... Job Cohen, who was until recently the Mayor of Amsterdam, and represents the top of the ticket for the PvdA ... is at the end of a long battle to run the country that began in February when the PvdA backed out of the ruling coalition government because it did not want to send Dutch troops back to Afghanistan." [3]
The People's Party for Freedom and Democracy is a conservative-liberal political party in the Netherlands. The VVD, whose forerunner was the Freedom Party, is a party of the centre-right, which promotes private enterprise and economic liberalism.
The Labour Party is a social-democratic political party in the Netherlands.
The politics of the Netherlands take place within the framework of a parliamentary representative democracy. A constitutional monarchy, the country is organised as a decentralised unitary state. The Netherlands can be described as a consociational state. Dutch politics and governance are characterised by a common striving for broad consensus on important issues, within both of the political community and society as a whole.
The Christian Democratic Appeal is a Christian-democratic and socially conservative political party in the Netherlands. It was originally formed in 1977 from a confederation of the Catholic People's Party, the Anti-Revolutionary Party and the Christian Historical Union; it has participated in all but three cabinets since it became a unitary party.
Democrats 66 is a social liberal political party in the Netherlands, which positions itself in the centre of the political spectrum. It is a member of the Liberal International (LI) and the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE).
The second Balkenende cabinet was the executive branch of the Government of the Netherlands from 27 May 2003 until 7 July 2006. The cabinet was formed by the Christian-democratic Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA), the conservative-liberal People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD), and the social-liberal Democrats 66 (D66) after the election of 2003. The cabinet was a centre-right coalition and had a slim majority in the House of Representatives with Christian Democratic Leader Jan Peter Balkenende serving as Prime Minister. Liberal Leader Gerrit Zalm, a former Minister of Finance, served as Deputy Prime Minister and returned as Minister of Finance, while former Progressive-Liberal Leader Thom de Graaf served as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister without Portfolio for the Interior.
General elections were held in the Netherlands on 22 January 2003.
General elections were held in the Netherlands on 22 November 2006, following the fall of the Second Balkenende cabinet. The election proved relatively successful for the governing Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) which remained the largest party with 41 seats, a loss of only three seats. The largest increase in seats was for the Socialist Party (SP), which went from nine to 25 seats. The main opposition party, the social democratic Labour Party (PvdA) lost nine of its 42 seats, while the right-liberal People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) and the progressive liberal Democrats 66 lost a considerable portion of their seats, six of 28 and three of six, respectively. New parties, such as the right-wing Party for Freedom (PVV) of former VVD MP Geert Wilders and the animal rights party Party for the Animals (PvdD) were also successful, with the PVV winning nine seats and the PvdD winning two, thereby becoming the first animal rights group to enter a European parliament.
Mark Rutte is a Dutch politician who has served as prime minister of the Netherlands since 2010. He was also the leader of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) from 2006 through 2023. He is currently acting in a demissionary capacity, and will not return to politics following the installation of a new cabinet, after the 2023 Dutch general election.
Following the 2006 Dutch general election, held on November 22, a process of cabinet formation started, involving negotiations about which coalition partners to form a common programme of policy and to divide the posts in cabinet. On February 22, 2007 it resulted in the formation of the Fourth Balkenende cabinet.
The first Rutte cabinet, also called the Rutte–Verhagen cabinet was the executive branch of the Government of the Netherlands from 14 October 2010 until 5 November 2012. The cabinet was formed by the conservative-liberal People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) and the Christian-democratic Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) after the election of 2010. The cabinet was a right-wing coalition and had a minority in the House of Representatives but had confidence and supply from the Party for Freedom (PVV) for a slim majority with Liberal Leader Mark Rutte serving as Prime Minister. Christian Democratic Leader Maxime Verhagen served as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Economic Affairs, Agriculture and Innovation.
Early general elections were held in the Netherlands on 12 September 2012 after Prime Minister Mark Rutte handed in his government's resignation to Queen Beatrix on 23 April. The 150 seats of the House of Representatives were contested using party-list proportional representation. The People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) received a plurality of the votes, followed by the Labour Party (PvdA).
General elections were held in the Netherlands on Wednesday 15 March 2017 to elect all 150 members of the House of Representatives.
Provincial elections were held in the Netherlands on Wednesday 18 March 2015. Eligible voters elected the members of the States-Provincial in the twelve provinces. These elections also indirectly determined the members of the Senate, since the 566 members of the twelve States-Provincial will elect the Senate's 75 members in the Senate election on 26 May 2015. These provincial election were held on the same day as the 2015 Dutch water boards elections.
General elections were held in the Netherlands from 15 to 17 March 2021 to elect all 150 members of the House of Representatives. Following the elections and lengthy coalition formation talks, the sitting government remained in power.
The third Rutte cabinet was the cabinet of the Netherlands from 26 October 2017 until 10 January 2022. It was formed by a coalition government of the political parties People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD), Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA), Democrats 66 (D66) and Christian Union (CU) after the general election of 2017.
Early general elections were held in the Netherlands on 22 November 2023 to elect the members of the House of Representatives. The elections had been expected to be held in 2025 but a snap election was called after the fourth Rutte cabinet collapsed on 7 July 2023 due to immigration policy disagreements between the coalition parties. The incumbent prime minister Mark Rutte announced that he would not lead his party into the election and that he would retire from politics.
A process of cabinet formation took place following the 2021 Dutch general election, leading to the formation of the Fourth Rutte cabinet in 2022. The coalition consisted of People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD), Democrats 66 (D66), Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) and Christian Union (CU), the same parties that formed the preceding Third Rutte cabinet. At 299 days, it was the longest formation in Dutch history.
In the run-up to the 2023 Dutch general election, various organisations carried out opinion polling to gauge voting intentions in the Netherlands. Results of such polls are displayed in this list.
A process of cabinet formation is taking place following the Dutch general election of 22 November 2023.
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