Acts 22

Acts 22
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Acts 15:22–24 in Latin (left column) and Greek (right column) in Codex Laudianus, written about AD 550.
Book	Acts of the Apostles
Category	Church history
Christian Bible part	New Testament
Order in the Christian part	5

Acts 22 is the twenty-second chapter of the Acts of the Apostles in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It records the event leading to Paul's imprisonment in Jerusalem. The book containing this chapter is anonymous but early Christian tradition uniformly affirmed that Luke composed this book as well as the Gospel of Luke. ^[1]

Text

The original text was written in Koine Greek. This chapter is divided into 30 verses.

Textual witnesses

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter are:

• Codex Vaticanus (AD 325–350)
• Codex Sinaiticus (330–360)
• Codex Bezae (~400)
• Codex Alexandrinus (400–440)
• Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus (~450; extant verses 21–30)
• Codex Laudianus (~550)

Locations

Caesarea

Tarsus

Cilicia

Damascus

Nazareth

Cyprus

Jerusalem

Italy

Rome

Mediterranean Sea

Places mentioned in (blue) and related to (black) this chapter.

The events in this chapter took place in Jerusalem. Some other places are also mentioned in this chapter:

• Cilicia
• Damascus
• Nazareth
• Tarsus

Paul's Temple Speech (22:1–21)

This part contains the first in a series of Paul's apologetic speeches ('defence', 22:1; Gk. apologia). ^[2] Paul's opening words use the language and address designed to stress a commonalty with his audience (verses 1–2), and to emphasize that he, like them, is a 'zealot for God' (verse 3) with a 'strict seminary education rooted in Jerusalem'; both are consistent with Paul's own claims about his education in Galatians 1:13–14. ^[2]

Verse 3

[Paul said:] "I am indeed a Jew, born in Tarsus of Cilicia, but brought up in this city at the feet of Gamaliel, taught according to the strictness of our fathers’ law, and was zealous toward God as you all are today." ^[3]

• "This city": refers to Jerusalem. An argument, that 'this city' refers to Tarsus, does not match Paul's argument here. ^[2]

Verse 8

[Paul said:] "So I answered, 'Who are You, Lord?' And He said to me, 'I am Jesus of Nazareth, whom you are persecuting.'" ^[4]

The detailed record of Paul's conversion story here indicates that this account is important for Luke, even with some differences from the record in chapter 9, thus shedding 'an interesting light on Luke's practice as a narrator', who 'sees no difficulty in the fact that the retold story is slightly different each time'. ^[2]

Verse 12

[Paul said:] "Then a certain Ananias, a devout man according to the law, having a good testimony with all the Jews who dwelt there," ^[5]

• "Ananias": is given a little more background detail by Paul compared to the previous account in chapter 9, which is 'relevant to his claim to be working within a framework of observant Judaism'. ^[2]

Verse 16

[Paul retold that Ananias said to him:] "And now why are you waiting? Arise and be baptized, and wash away your sins, calling on the name of the Lord." ^[6]

• "Be baptized": In chapter 9, the significance of baptism was only alluded briefly without explanation, but here it is made explicit: 'it is to do with cleansing from sin, and calling on the name of Christ'. ^[2]

Paul the Roman (22:22–29)

When Paul mentioned about Gentiles, the audience was again stirred up and behaving riotous (verses 22–23), so the tribune decides to remove Paul for further interrogation in the barracks, that is 'the examination of witnesses by torture' (verse 24), which was a routine practice in both Greek and Roman judicial systems. ^[7] At the last moment, Paul reveals a little more of his citizenship status (verse 25) that 'produces consternation and dismay among the soldiers and minor officials into whose hands he has fallen' (verses 26–29). ^[7]

Verse 28

The commander answered, "With a large sum I obtained this citizenship."

And Paul said, "But I was born a citizen." ^[8]

The claim of Paul to be 'free-born' here means that his citizenship status 'goes back at least to his father's generation, possibly earlier, to the period of the civil wars, when Roman generals granted citizenship to a number of individuals and associations in the Greek East who had supported their cause'. ^[7] The citizenship status of the tribune (whose name is Claudius Lysias; cf. Acts 23:26) corresponds to the record of 'the growing laxity of citizenship grants, which were widely reported to be freely available for money' during the reign of Claudius Caesar (Dio Cassius, 60. 17.5–6). ^[7]

Paul to be brought before the Sanhedrin (22:30)

The tribune 'ordered' the Sanhedrin to meet, although only in an advisory capacity, to 'help him determine whether or not Paul had a case to answer in Jewish law'. ^[7]

See also

• Ananias of Damascus
• Cilicia
• Damascus
• Gamaliel
• Jesus of Nazareth
• Paul the Apostle
• Stephen
• Tarsus

• Related Bible parts: Acts 5, Acts 7, Acts 8, Acts 9, Acts 20, Acts 21, Acts 26, Acts 28

References

1. Holman Illustrated Bible Handbook. Holman Bible Publishers, Nashville, Tennessee. 2012.
2. Alexander 2007, p. 1055.
3. Acts 22:3 NKJV
4. Acts 22:8 NKJV
5. Acts 22:12 NKJV
6. Acts 22:16 NKJV
7. Alexander 2007, p. 1056.
8. Acts 22:28 NKJV

Sources

• Alexander, Loveday (2007). "62. Acts". In Barton, John; Muddiman, John (eds.). The Oxford Bible Commentary (first (paperback) ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 1028–1061. ISBN   978-0199277186 . Retrieved February 6, 2019.

External links

• Acts 22 King James Bible - Wikisource
• English Translation with Parallel Latin Vulgate
• Online Bible at GospelHall.org (ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English)
• Multiple bible versions at Bible Gateway (NKJV, NIV, NRSV etc.)