Biafada people

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Biafada
ACTD004826 - O regulo beapada (%3F) Gallona e sua comitiva.jpg
Photo of a Biafada tribe. December 1891.
Regions with significant populations
Guinea-Bissau, Senegal and Gambia
Languages
Biafada language, Gool (in Geba River), Bubwas, Guinala (both in Quinara Region), Bagandada (Tombali) and French language
Religion
Islam (majority religion) and Christians (Catholics) or animists (minority religion)

The Biafada people is an ethnic group of Guinea-Bissau, Senegal and Gambia. This group is often considered as a subgroup of the Tenda people. They are also known as Biafara, Beafada, Biafar, Bidyola, Dfola, Dyola, Fada, and Yola. [1]

Contents

Demography

In Guinea Bissau, the Biafada are divided into four groups. A small group lives on the north bank of the Geba River and speaks the Gool dialect. Two large groups reside in Quinara Region, the southwestern part of the country, and they speak the Bubwas and Guinala dialects. The fourth group live in the southern province of Tombali, on the border with Guinea Conakry, and speaks the dialect Bagandada. [2]

History

They were once grouped into three kingdoms: Biguda, Guinala and Bissege. [3]

The Biafada speak the Biafada language, which belongs to the Niger-Congo languages family.

Economy

Like most West Africans, the Biafada are farmers. The staple crops for these people are cassava and rice. However, due to globalization, they also raise other crops that originated in other parts of the world: maize, squash, melons, potatoes, peppers and tomatoes. Devoted to livestock, the Biafadas raise sheep and goats for meat, as they do not drink milk from those animals. This reduces the importance of the hunting. [2]

Biafada women adorned with ornaments in the city of Fulacunda, Guinea Bissau (60s). Photo by A. B. Geraldo DC - CI No 71 - Raparigas beafadas com adornos - Fulacunda.jpg
Biafada women adorned with ornaments in the city of Fulacunda, Guinea Bissau (60s). Photo by A. B. Geraldo

Culture

A ceremony celebrates as each child prepares to enter puberty. One characteristic of these ceremonies is the practice of circumcision. Normally, this applies to males, but sometimes also to females.

In more conservative families it is forbidden for a woman to become pregnant outside of marriage. If this happens, the woman and the man are subject to heavy punishment known as "di minjer justisa" (literally:' justice for women"). This was banned by Guinea Bissau in the 1970s. However, actually, Polygamy is common.

The majority of Biafadas are Sunni Muslims. However, some are Catholics or animists who believe that objects have spirits. The Biafadas mix Islam with animistic rites. About a dozen Biafada are Protestants, most resident in Biafada. Other Biafadas are Catholics in the capital. [2]

Related Research Articles

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Portuguese language Romance language

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Jola people

The Jola or Diola are an ethnic group found in Senegal, the Gambia, and Guinea-Bissau. Most Jola live in small villages scattered throughout Senegal, especially in the Lower Casamance region. The main dialect of the Jola language, Fogni, is one of the six national languages of Senegal.

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Balanta people

The Balanta are an ethnic group found in Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Senegal and The Gambia. They are the largest ethnic group of Guinea-Bissau, representing more than one-quarter of the population. Despite their numbers, they have remained outside the colonial and postcolonial state because of their social organisation. The Balanta can be divided into 7 clans: Nhacra, Ganja, Naga, Mane, Patch, Sofa and Kentohe. The largest of which are the Balanta Kentohe.

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Nalu is an Atlantic language of Guinea and Guinea-Bissau, spoken by the Nalu people, a West African people who settled the region before the arrival of the Mandinka in the 14th or 15th centuries. It is spoken predominantly by adults. It is estimated to be spoken by a range of 10,000 to 25,000 people, whereas Wilson (2007) reports that there are around 12,000 speakers. It is considered an endangered language due to its dwindling population of speakers.

Mafa people

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References

  1. Cultures of West Africa
  2. 1 2 3 The Joshuaproject: Biafada people. Retrieved March 5, 2013, to 02: 18 pm.
  3. ORIGEN EN AFRICA DE ALGUNOS APELLIDOS (in Spanish: African origin of some surnames). Retrieved in March 05, 2013, to 12:39 pm