Bromley-by-Bow

Last updated

Bromley
Bromley by Bow, Arrow Road, E3 - geograph.org.uk - 765231.jpg
Arrow Road, a residential street in Bromley
Greater London UK location map 2.svg
Red pog.svg
Bromley
Location within Greater London
Population14,480 (2011 Census. Bromley Ward) [1]
OS grid reference TQ375825
  Charing Cross 4.7 mi (7.6 km)  W
London borough
Ceremonial county Greater London
Region
Country England
Sovereign state United Kingdom
Post town LONDON
Postcode district E3
Dialling code 020
Police Metropolitan
Fire London
Ambulance London
UK Parliament
London Assembly
List of places
UK
England
London
51°31′29″N0°01′01″W / 51.5246°N 0.0170°W / 51.5246; -0.0170

Bromley, commonly known as Bromley-by-Bow , is a district in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets in East London, located on the western banks of the River Lea, in the Lower Lea Valley in East London. It is an inner-city suburb located 4.7 miles (7.5 km) east of Charing Cross.

Contents

The area is distinct from Bow, which lies immediately north of the formal boundary between the two, which runs along Bow Road, or near the Lea, slightly to the south of the Road. The area has historically been known as both Bromley and Bromley-by-Bow. [2] In 1967, the latter name was chosen as the new name for Bromley tube station, a change designed to prevent confusion with Bromley railway station in the London Borough of Bromley.

The formal boundaries of the area were set when the area became a parish in 1537 when it split from Stepney. The boundaries of the new parish were based on those of much older pre-existing estates. [3] [4]

Bromley has a rich history, but many of its most historic buildings have been lost. It is connected to the London Underground and Docklands Light Railway.

Toponymy

In early records the name first appears as Brambele, Brambelegh, or Brembeley and is likely to be derived from the Saxon words Brembel a bramble, and lege a field. [5] The name Bromley-by-Bow has historic pedigree, appearing in the correspondence of Oliver Cromwell. [6] In 1967, the name was chosen as the new name for Bromley tube station to prevent confusion with Bromley railway station in the London Borough of Bromley.

Bow itself (also part of Stepney until the 18th century) was originally known as Stratforde, becoming Stratford-at-Bow when a medieval bridge was built, in the arched shape of a bow, to distinguish it from Stratford Langthorne on the other side of the River Lea.

History

Pre-conquest to the creation of the Parish

The oldest surviving written reference to the area, as Braembeleg, was from about the year 1000 [7] when it was referred to as one of the manors belonging to St Paul's Cathedral.

Bromley was home to St Leonard's Priory a Benedictine nunnery founded in the time of William the Conqueror and mentioned in the General Prologue to Geoffrey Chaucer's Canterbury Tales . It was destroyed at the time of the Dissolution in 1536, and the manor and lands passed to Sir Ralph Sadleir, who lived at Sutton House in Homerton and was privy councillor to Henry VIII. The exception was the priory chapel which was retained.

Bromley Hall dates from around 1485 and may be the oldest brick built house in London. Bromley Hall, Blackwall Tunnel Approach Road (geograph 2685275).jpg
Bromley Hall dates from around 1485 and may be the oldest brick built house in London.

The small Tudor period Bromley Hall was built in the late 15th century as the manor house of Lower Bromley. The house was radically remodeled soon after 1700 and over the following centuries served as a calico printing works, gentleman's seat, gunpowder factory, charity home and a carpet warehouse. [8] It is thought to be the oldest brick house in London.

From the creation of the parish (1537) to 1850

The priory chapel was turned into the parish church for a new parish, Bromley St Leonard, which split from the parish of Stepney and covered the area of two much older units, the Manor of Bromley and the estate of the Nunnery of St Leonard. [3] [4]

The area was part of the historic (or ancient) county of Middlesex, but military and most (or all) civil county functions were managed more locally, by the Tower Division (also known as the Tower Hamlets).

The role of the Tower Division ended when Bromley became part of the new County of London in 1889. The County of London was replaced by Greater London in 1965.

In 1606 a palace was built for James I facing the line of St Leonard's Street by John Thorpe. This was principally used as a hunting lodge but was a grand residence of 24 rooms, including a Stateroom, built along the lines of Hardwick Hall and Montacute House. Some of the stonework was quarried from the remains of the (now disused) priory. It remained in Royal use and was refurbished in the reigns of Charles II and James II and stables were added. During the 18th century, the frontage of the building was renewed and the palace was converted into two merchant houses. It went through a variety of uses, including a boarding school and a colour works.

The house was demolished at the end of the 19th century by the London School Board for construction of a new board school. Many of the original fittings remained in place and were said to be in fine condition. The house was sold piecemeal for £250 with the Stateroom, panelling and an oak doorway going to the Victoria and Albert Museum. [9]

Bromley was also known as Bromley-St Leonards, after St Leonard's Priory a Benedictine nunnery founded in the time of William the Conqueror and mentioned in the General Prologue to Geoffrey Chaucer's Canterbury Tales . It was destroyed at the time of the Dissolution in 1536, and the manor and lands passed to Sir Ralph Sadleir, who lived at Sutton House in Homerton and was privy councillor to Henry VIII. The priory chapel was retained and turned into the parish church for a new parish, Bromley St Leonard, split from the parish of Stepney.

The parishes that would evolve into the modern London Borough of Tower Hamlets Stepney Civil Parish Map 1870.png
The parishes that would evolve into the modern London Borough of Tower Hamlets
Bromley merged with Poplar and Bow to form the Metropolitan Borough of Poplar. The traditional areas retained their boundaries and identities as the basis of wards. Poplar Met. B Ward Map 1916.svg
Bromley merged with Poplar and Bow to form the Metropolitan Borough of Poplar. The traditional areas retained their boundaries and identities as the basis of wards.

1850–present

In 1868, the Poplar and Stepney Sick Asylum was opened on a site next to the present day Bromley-by-Bow tube station. It was renamed St Andrew's Hospital in 1921. It closed in 2006. [10] A new housing development, William Guy Gardens, now occupies the site. Henry Grattan Guinness founded the East London Missionary Training Institute (also called Harley College) at Harley House in Bromley-by-Bow in 1873, with Dr. Thomas Barnardo as co-director. The school outgrew the premises and relocated in 1883, eventually becoming Cliff College.

The Revd Richard Enraght, religious controversialist, [11] was the Curate of St Michael and All Angels Church in St Leonards Road from 1884 to 1888 and Rector of St Gabriel Church (now demolished), Chrisp Street (Poplar), from 1888 to 1895. Between 1899 and 1965 the parish of Bromley St Leonard formed part of the Metropolitan Borough of Poplar, within the County of London. [12]

On the other side of the River Lea, seven Victorian gasholders are is Grade II listed and have been named by the Victorian Society as a heritage building at risk of disrepair. [13]

Gandhi

In 1931, Gandhi was in London for talks with the British Imperial government on the future of India-then a part of the British Empire, the only time he left India between 1914 and his death in 1948. He declined the government's offer of accommodation in a West End hotel, preferring to stay in the East End, to live among working-class people, as he did in India.

He based himself at Kingsley Hall in Powis Road, Bromley-by-Bow, for the three-month duration of his stay and was enthusiastically received by East Enders. [14]

WWII and Post-war

The area suffered heavily in the Blitz and St Leonards Church was destroyed by enemy action in 1941. The area around Aberfeldy Street was heavily bombed and subsequently redeveloped into the Aberfeldy Estate in 1947. [15]

The ruins and much of the churchyard were swept away when the Blackwall Tunnel Approach Road was built through the area in the 1960s.

Governance

The area loosely approximates to three wards in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. The councillors elected in May 2018 were:

Geography

Extent

Approaching the Bromley-by-Bow gasholders, viewed from eastern Bromley. Entrance to Prologis Park (geograph 4687674).jpg
Approaching the Bromley-by-Bow gasholders, viewed from eastern Bromley.

Bromley-by-Bow is a part of the London Borough of Tower Hamlets and takes in parts of the E3 (in the north) and E14 (in the south) postal districts.

To the north is Bow, with the historic boundary running along Bow Road, or near the River Lea, slightly to the south of the Road – with Bow's parish church just south of the road, close to the Lea, a part of Bow. Stratford, West Ham and Canning Town are eastward, across the Lea, which is the boundary between the London Boroughs of Tower Hamlets and Newham. The historic Three Mills and the Bromley-by-Bow gasholders lies just over the border in Newham.

Mile End is located to the west of a historic boundary which runs through Tower Hamlets Cemetery Park and along parts of Bow Common Lane, though the small former open space which was known as Bow Common, on either side of part of that road, lay just on the other side of that boundary, wholly within Mile End. [16] Poplar lies to the south, though the line of the historic boundary from Upper North Street heading south-east to the Lea, by the Leamouth Roundabout, has been blurred by patterns of urbanisation which did not follow the historic estate, parish and (for a time) ward boundaries that defined these areas.

The area is bisected north to south by the Blackwall Tunnel Approach Road (A12). The land between that road and the Lea is undergoing extensive redevelopment.

Demographics

In 2001, according to the UK national census data, [17] there were 11,581 people living in the ward in 2188 households, giving an average of 2.8 people per household. Of these 51% were female, 30% were under the age of 16 and 40% were of Bangladeshi origin.

Tenure in Bromley-by-Bow ward was predominantly rented with only 15% of households being owner-occupiers. [18] Census data indicates that the proportion of households in rented tenure was higher than the average for the borough. 60% of males were economically active with total unemployment being around 16% compared to 11% for the borough as a whole.

Transport

Bromley-by-Bow tube station in 2009. Bromley-By-Bow Underground Station - geograph.org.uk - 1471288.jpg
Bromley-by-Bow tube station in 2009.

Bromley-by-Bow station is located in the centre of Bromley and has the London Underground District and Hammersmith & City lines serving it. The Metropolitan line ceased serving Bromley in 1990 British Rail London, Tilbury & Southend Railway services stopped at the station until 1962.

South Bromley railway station on the North London Railway between Bow and Poplar (East India Dock Road) stations opened in 1884, [19] the station lay just to the north of the current Langdon Park DLR station which opened in 2009.

London Buses routes 108, 309, 323, 488 and D8 operate within the area. Route 108 uses the Blackwall Tunnel, a source of severe delays which leads to the route often being cited as amongst the least reliable in London. [20]

The area is connected to the National Road Network by the north–south A12 (East Cross Route), also east-west B140 Devons Road and Devas Street as well as local road Bromley High Street provides further access.

The Lea Valley Walk on the River Lea Navigation and River Lea passes on the area eastern side for pedestrians and cyclists. To the south, the Limehouse Cut starts at the Bow Locks.

Community

Kingsley Hall is famous both for the visits of Mahatma Gandhi to the East End in 1931 and the therapeutic clinic run by the alternative psychologist R. D. Laing from 1965. Despite a severe fire in 1995, Kingsley Hall remains an active community centre. [21]

The Bromley-by-Bow Centre is known for it approach to integrated health care, with nursery care, training opportunities and a community centre. It has been cited as a model for the future development of community services and health care. [22]

Bromley By Bow Community Organisation (BBBCO) provides Youth Provisions and Community Engagement programmes for the area. [23] Its projects and services as a voluntary organisation provide the area with five football teams, a Girls Group, Youth Group and Elderly and Community Services.

Redevelopment

Broomfield Street in 1998, before regeneration Broomfield street before.JPG
Broomfield Street in 1998, before regeneration

The Spratt's Complex was redeveloped and split into studio workshops (live/work units) and sold by JJAK (Construction) Ltd for leaseholders to fit out. [24] The first building to be converted was Limehouse Cut, varying in size between 580 to 1,610 sq ft (54 to 150 m2). The building was featured in the Sunday Times in June 1986 [25] and again in 1989. [24]

The London Thames Gateway Development Corporation's aims for the Lower Lea Valley include providing 8,000 new homes and 2,500 new jobs in the Bromley-by-Bow area. [26] The section of land between the River Lea and the A11 is currently being redeveloped. Immediately adjacent to it, in Newham, is the 26 acres (11 ha) Sugar House Island development, led by Vastint. [27]

Education

The Bromley by Bow Centre offers adult educational training opportunities The Bromley-by-Bow Centre.jpg
The Bromley by Bow Centre offers adult educational training opportunities

Bow School is a comprehensive secondary school and sixth form for boys and girls. In September 2014 the school moved from the old site off Fairfield Road, in the neighbouring district of Bow to a new site in Bromley-by-Bow 1 mile to the south-east by Bow Locks, in a brand new building designed by van Heyningen and Haward Architects. [28]

Schools which are located near Bromley by Bow are Bow School secondary, Little House Nursery, Wellington Primary, Marner Primary, Old Palace Primary School, St Paul's Way Trust secondary, Phoenix primary and secondary and Central Foundation Girls' School secondary.

Bromley-by-Bow Centre also offers adult training opportunities in the area, such as nursing training or apprenticeships.

Arts and culture

Walford, the area where the BBC soap opera EastEnders is set is based on Bromley-by-Bow. Albert Square, the main community in the show is based on Fassett Square in nearby Hackney.

The CBeebies television series Apple Tree House began filming its episodes on the Devons Estate in 2017. [29]

Notable residents

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Poplar, London</span> Area of East London, England

Poplar is a district in East London, England and is in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. It is an inner-city suburb located five miles (8 km) east of Charing Cross and lays on the western bank of the River Lea and is part of the London Docklands.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stepney</span> Area of London, England

Stepney is an area in London, England located in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. It is in East London and part of the East End. Stepney is no longer officially defined, and is usually used to refer to a relatively small area. However, for much of its history the place name applied to a much larger manor and parish. Stepney Green is a remnant of a larger area of Common Land formerly known as Mile End Green.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Whitechapel</span> Human settlement in England

Whitechapel is an area in London, England, and is located in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. It is in east London and part of the East End. It is the location of Tower Hamlets Town Hall and therefore the borough town centre. Whitechapel is located 3.4 miles (5.5 km) east of Charing Cross.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">London Borough of Tower Hamlets</span> Borough in London, England

The London Borough of Tower Hamlets is a borough of London, England. Situated on the north bank of the River Thames and immediately east of the City of London, the borough spans much of the traditional East End of London and includes much of the regenerated London Docklands area. The 2019 mid-year population for the borough is estimated at 324,745.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Metropolitan Borough of Bethnal Green</span> Civil parish and metropolitan borough in London, England

Bethnal Green was a civil parish and a metropolitan borough of the County of London between 1899 and 1965, when it was merged with the Metropolitan Borough of Stepney and the Metropolitan Borough of Poplar to form the London Borough of Tower Hamlets.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Metropolitan Borough of Poplar</span> Former metropolitan borough of the County of London, in the United Kingdom

Poplar was a local government district in the metropolitan area of London, England. It was formed as a district of the Metropolis in 1855 and became a metropolitan borough in the County of London in 1900. It comprised Poplar, Millwall, Bromley-by-Bow and Bow as well as Old Ford, Fish Island and Cubitt Town.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Blackwall, London</span> Area of the East End of London, England

Blackwall is an area of Poplar, in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, East London. The neighbourhood includes Leamouth and the Coldharbour conservation area.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bow, London</span> Area of east London, England

Bow is a district in East London, England and is in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. It is an inner-city suburb located 4.6 miles (7.4 km) east of Charing Cross.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bethnal Green and Bow (UK Parliament constituency)</span> UK Parliament constituency in England since 1997-2024

Bethnal Green and Bow was a constituency in Greater London, represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament from 2010 until its abolition for the 2024 general election by Rushanara Ali of the Labour Party.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Leamouth</span> Human settlement in England

Leamouth is a locality in the Blackwall area of Poplar, in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. The area takes its name from the former Leamouth Wharf and lies on the west side of the confluence of the Bow Creek stretch of the Lea, at its confluence with the River Thames.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Parliamentary constituencies in London</span>

The region of Greater London, including the City of London, is divided into 75 parliamentary constituencies which are sub-classified as borough constituencies, affecting the type of electoral officer and level of expenses permitted. Since the general election of July 2024, 59 are represented by Labour MPs,9 by Conservative MPs, 6 by Liberal Democrat MPs, and 1 by an independent MP.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Old Ford</span> Human settlement in England

Old Ford is an area in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets that is named after the natural ford which provided a crossing of the River Lea.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Poplar and Limehouse (UK Parliament constituency)</span> Parliamentary constituency in the United Kingdom, 2010 onwards

Poplar and Limehouse is a constituency which was first created in 2010. It has been represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2019 by Apsana Begum, who was elected as a Labour Party MP. However, the whip was withdrawn on 23 July 2024, as a result of her voting to scrap the two child benefit cap, and she was suspended from the Parliamentary Labour Party. Begum now sits as an Independent MP until the whip is re-established.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tower Division</span> Historic Liberty of Middlesex, England

The Tower Division was a liberty in the ancient county of Middlesex, England. It was also known as the Tower Hamlets, and took its name from the military obligations owed to the Constable of the Tower of London. The term 'Hamlets' probably referred to territorial sub-divisions of the parish of Stepney – and its daughter parishes – rather than to the usual meaning of a small village.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Poplar (UK Parliament constituency)</span>

Poplar was a parliamentary constituency centred on the Poplar district of the East End of London. It returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tower Hamlets (UK Parliament constituency)</span> Parliamentary constituency in the United Kingdom, 1832–1885

Tower Hamlets was a parliamentary borough (constituency) in Middlesex, England from 1832 to 1885. It elected two Members of Parliament (MPs) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It was one of the first five of its type in the metropolitan area of London. It was enfranchised by the Reform Act 1832.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">East End of London</span> Area of London, England

The East End of London, often referred to within the London area simply as the East End, is the historic core of wider East London, east of the Roman and medieval walls of the City of London and north of the River Thames. It does not have universally accepted boundaries on its north and east sides, though the River Lea is sometimes seen as the eastern boundary. Parts of it may be regarded as lying within Central London. The term "East of Aldgate Pump" is sometimes used as a synonym for the area.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stepney (parish)</span>

Stepney was an ancient civil and ecclesiastical parish in the historic county of Middlesex to the east and north east of the City of London, England.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">St George in the East (parish)</span>

St George in the East, historically known as Wapping-Stepney, was an ancient parish, in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, England. The place name is no longer widely used.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stratford and Bow (UK Parliament constituency)</span> Parliamentary constituency in the United Kingdom, 2024 onwards

Stratford and Bow is a constituency of the House of Commons in the UK Parliament. Further to the completion of the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, it was first contested at the 2024 general election. It is currently represented in Parliament by Uma Kumaran of the Labour Party, who has served as MP since 2024..

References

  1. "Tower Hamlets Ward population 2011". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. Archived from the original on 21 October 2016. Retrieved 16 October 2016.
  2. "Survey of London: Volume 1, Bromley-By-Bow". British-History.ac.uk. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
  3. 1 2 "Bromley St. Leonard (1934)". Mernick.org.uk. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
  4. 1 2 "Stepney: Early Stepney - British History Online". British-history.ac.uk. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
  5. Bromley St Leonard's, The Environs of London: volume 2: County of Middlesex (1795), pp. 59-69 accessed: 19 May 2008.
  6. Oliver Cromwell's letters and speeches, with elucidations by T. Carlyle (1857), p.380. In c.1644, Oliver Cromwell writes 'to Mr Russell, at his Quarters, Bromley by Bow. accessed: 10 January 2022.
  7. Concise Oxford Dictionary of Place Names 4th Edition, Ekwall, 1990
  8. "Leaside Regeneration, the sustainable regeneration company for East London". 14 May 2006. Archived from the original on 14 May 2006. Retrieved 26 May 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  9. The Old Palace of Bromley, Survey of London : volume 1: Bromley-by-Bow (1900), pp. 33-40. Date accessed: 14 February 2009
  10. "Hospitals". Derelict London.
  11. Rev R.W. Enraght BA My Prosecution (1883), Anglicanhistory.org, accessed 17 May 2007
  12. F. A. Youngs, Guide to the Local Administrative Units of England, Vol.I, 1979
  13. "Victorian Society reveals top 10 buildings 'crying out' to be saved". BBC News. 12 September 2018.
  14. "Gandhi Visits the U.K. Archive film 61455". YouTube .
  15. "Aberfeldy Estate — Levitt Bernstein". www.levittbernstein.co.uk.
  16. A history of Bow Common, including historic boundaries https://d3hgrlq6yacptf.cloudfront.net/5f1ac279b080b/content/pages/documents/1467666641.pdf
  17. census data Archived 26 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine accessed 17 May 2007
  18. Summary 2001 census data for LAP6 Archived 26 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine accessed 17 May 2007
  19. Chronology of London Railways by H.V.Borley page 81
  20. Aldridge, John (July 2007). "Tunnel troubles provoke interesting reaction". Buses (628). Ian Allan Publishing: 21.
  21. David Baker. "Kingsley Hall Community Centre in East London". Kingsley-hall.co.uk. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
  22. A man with a microscope Archived 2011-07-08 at the Wayback Machine , Civil Service Live, 29 Jan 2009. Retrieved 1 Apr 2010.
  23. "Home". Bromley By Bow Community Organisation (BBBCO).
  24. 1 2 "Back to the workhouse". The Sunday Times. 19 February 1989.
  25. The Sunday Times: 38. 29 June 1986.{{cite journal}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  26. "New 'cut price' office space seeks to lure start-ups from Shoreditch". Evening Standard. Retrieved 3 June 2018.
  27. "Where young Londoners should look for new waterside homes without paying a Thames-side premium". Homes and Property. 1 May 2018. Retrieved 3 June 2018.
  28. Anna Silverman (8 July 2014). "Students thrilled with opening of new Bow School". East London Advertiser. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 8 July 2014.
  29. Brooke, Mike. "BBC films 'Apple Tree House' for CBeebies on Bromley-by-Bow housing estate". East London Advertiser. Retrieved 24 June 2020.
  30. "Six new non-party political peers". The Guardian. 15 February 2007. Retrieved 19 May 2008.