China Coast Guard

Last updated
China Coast Guard
中国人民武装警察部队海警总队
Emblem of China Coast Guard.svg
Emblem of China Coast Guard
China Coast Guard racing stripe.svg
Racing stripe
Common nameHaijing (海警)
China Coast Guard Bureau (中国海警局)
Agency overview
FormedJuly 2013;10 years ago (2013-07)
Employees16,296 personnel (2018)
Jurisdictional structure
Operations jurisdiction China
Constituting instrument
  • Coast Guard Law of the People's Republic of China《中华人民共和国海警法》
General nature
Specialist jurisdiction
  • Coastal patrol, marine border protection, marine search and rescue.
Operational structure
Headquarters1 Fuxingmen Outer Street, Beijing, China
Agency executives
Parent agency People's Armed Police
Facilities
Boats164 cutters
Multiple patrol boats (2018)
Aircraft Harbin Z-9
Harbin Y-12
Website
www.ccg.gov.cn OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
China Coast Guard
Simplified Chinese 中国海警局
Traditional Chinese 中國海警局

China Coast Guard (CCG) is the maritime security, search and rescue, and law enforcement service branch of the People's Armed Police of China. [2] [3] [4]

Contents

History

The China Coast Guard was formed in 2013 from the maritime branch of the People's Armed Police Border Security Force and the other maritime law enforcement agencies in China. [5] The unified Coast Guard is commanded by the Central Military Commission, and has been in operation since July 2013. [6] On July 1, 2018, the China Coast Guard was transferred from civilian control of the State Council and the State Oceanic Administration, to the People's Armed Police, ultimately placing it under the command of the Central Military Commission. [5] [7] [8]

In June 2018, the China Coast Guard was granted maritime rights and law enforcement akin civilian law enforcement agencies in order to carry out contrast of illegal activities, keep peace and order, as well as safeguarding security at sea, when performing duties related to the use of marine resources, protection of marine environment, regulation of fishery, and anti-smuggling. [9]

In 2019, the United States issued a warning to China over aggressive and unsafe action by their Coast Guard and maritime militia. [10]

The Coast Guard Law allows CCG ships to use lethal force on foreign ships that do not obey orders to leave Chinese waters. [11] It took effect on February 1, 2021. [11] In 2023, the Coast Guard used water cannons on Philippines military ships in contested waters. [12]

Function

The CCG is known to perform mostly coastal and oceanic search and rescue or patrols, including anti-smuggling operations. During wartime it may be placed under the operational control of the People's Liberation Army Navy.

Roles

Roles of the CCG are diverse but include:

Command

After the reform in 2018, CCG consists of three commands (sub-bureaus), subdivided into detachments (local bureaus). The name in the parentheses is for general use.

  • People's Armed Police Coast Guard Corps East China Sea Command (China Coast Guard East China Sea Subbureau) Sub-corps grade unit
    • Jiangsu Detachment (江苏支队) (Jiangsu Coast Guard Bureau)
    • Shanghai Detachment (上海支队) (Shanghai CGB)
    • Zhejiang Detachment 浙江支队 (Zhejiang CGB)
    • Fujian Detachment 福建支队 (Fujian CGB)
    • 1st Detachment 第一支队 (1st Directly Subordinate Bureau)
    • 2nd Detachment 第二支队 (2nd DB)
    • 1st Air Wing 第一航空大队
  • PAPCGC South China Sea Command (CCG South China Sea Subbureau)
    • Guangdong Detachment 广东支队 (Guangdong CGB)
    • Guangxi Detachment 广西支队 (Guangxi CGB)
    • Hainan Detachment 海南支队 (Hainan CGB)
    • 3rd Detachment 第三支队 (3rd DB)
    • 4th Detachment 第四支队 (4th DB)
    • 5th Detachment 第五支队 (5th DB)
    • 2nd Air Wing 第二航空大队
  • PAPCGC North China Sea Command (CCG North China Sea Subbureau)
    • Liaoning Detachment 辽宁支队 (Liaoning CGB)
    • Tianjin Detachment 天津支队 (Tianjin CGB)
    • Hebei Detachment 河北支队 (Hebei CGB)
    • Shandong Detachment 山东支队 (Shandong CGB)
    • 6th Detachment 第六支队 (6th DB)
    • 3rd Air Wing 第三航空大队

Training


The Chinese Coast Guard conducts periodic joint-training sessions with other navies, including the US Coast Guard service. [14] The Chinese Coast Guard has also participated in the annual North Pacific Coast Guard Agencies Forum in Alaska, along with US, Canadian, Japanese, South Korean, and Russian Coast Guards. As part of an exchange program, members of the Chinese Coast Guard service have been assigned to serve on U.S. Coast Guard cutters. [15]

Badge of China Coast Guard before 2013, when part of the PAP Border Security Force under the Ministry of Public Security. CHINA COAST GUARD badge.svg
Badge of China Coast Guard before 2013, when part of the PAP Border Security Force under the Ministry of Public Security.

Equipment

Vessels

China Coast Guard Shucha II-class Cutter Haijing 3306. Chinese Coast Guard ship during DiREx-15.jpg
China Coast Guard Shucha II-class Cutter Haijing 3306.

Chinese Coast Guard ships are painted white with blue stripe and wording China Coast Guard in English and Chinese.

Typical Coast Guard ships include the 130 ton Type 218 patrol boat (100 boats), armed with twin 14.5mm machine guns, assorted speedboats, and few larger patrol ships. Up until very recently,[ when? ] the largest ship in Chinese Coast Guard service was the 1,500 ton Type 718 cutter (31101 Pudong).

In March 2007, it was reported that the PLAN had transferred 2 Type 728 cutter (44102, ex-509 Changde; 46103, ex-510 Shaoxing) to the Coast Guard and re-numbered them as 1002 & 1003. At the time these ships were the largest vessels in the China Coast Guard inventory.

In May 2017, it was reported that China had deployed the 12,000 ton Zhaotou-class patrol cutter China Coast Guard (CCG) 3901 cutter No. 1123 to patrol its claimed islands in the disputed South China Sea. [16] [17] The CCG 3901 cutter is the world's biggest coast guard cutter, and is larger than the U.S. Navy's 9,800 ton Ticonderoga-class guided-missile cruisers and its 8,300-9,300 ton Arleigh Burke-class guided missile destroyers. [18] The CCG 3901 cutter is armed with 76mm H/PJ-26 rapid fire naval guns, two auxiliary guns, and two anti-aircraft guns.[ additional citation(s) needed ]

Between mid 2021 and January 2023, the Coast Guard received 22 coastal defense Type 056 corvettes transferred from the Chinese People's Liberation Army Navy. [19] CCG ships are named "Haijing-XX", where XX is a number.

Personnel

CCG ships are staffed by People’s Armed Police personnel. [20] China Coast Guard Academy is a dedicated institution that provides training for personnels to enter the CCG. [21]

See also

Related Research Articles

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References

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