Chincha Alta

Last updated

Chincha Alta
Town
Plaza Mayor de Chincha Baja.jpg
Boulevard en Chincha Alta.jpg
Esglesia de Santo Domingo de Chincha durant el festichincha 2017.jpg
Coliseo Mauro Mina de Chincha de nit.jpg
Facana de l'Esglesia de Cristo Rey de Pueblo Nuevo, Chincha des de la Plaza de Armas.jpg
Plaza de Armas de Pueblo Nuevo durant el passacarrers del Festichincha.jpg
Bandera de Chincha alta.png
Escudo de Chincha alta.png
Nickname: 
"Cuna de campeones" (Cradle of Champions)
Peru location map.svg
Red pog.svg
Chincha Alta
Location of the city of Chinca Alta in Peru
Coordinates: 13°27′S76°08′W / 13.450°S 76.133°W / -13.450; -76.133
CountryFlag of Peru.svg  Peru
Region Ica
Province Chincha
Government
   Mayor Armando Huamán Tasayco
Area
  Total2,988 km2 (1,154 sq mi)
Elevation
97 m (318 ft)
Population
  Estimate 
(2015) [1]
177,219
Demonym Chinchano/a
Time zone UTC-5 (PET)
  Summer (DST) UTC-5 (PET)
Website www.munichincha.gob.pe
main squaire of Chincha with the Santo Domingo Church in down town Chincha, Summer 2014 Chincha Plaza de Armas e Iglesia.jpg
main squaire of Chincha with the Santo Domingo Church in down town Chincha, Summer 2014

Chincha Alta is a Peruvian city located in the Ica Region. A major port at the mouth of the Chincha River, it is the capital of Chincha Province. The city has a population of about 233,000, making it the 17th largest city in Peru.

Contents

Geography

The City of Chincha Alta is located 200 kilometers south of Lima, in the Chincha Province of the Ica Region of Peru. The city covers an area of 2988 km2 and has a population of 56,085. [2]

History

Pre-Chincha era

The first inhabitants of the area arrived at the beginning of the ninth century. These people are known as the "Pre-Chincha". The historian Luis Cánepa Pachas puts the date of the arrival of the Pre-Chincha at sometime in the tenth century. The rudimentary Pre-Chincha culture was centered on fishing and shell gathering. The origin of the Pre-Chincha people is still uncertain.

Chincha era

In the eleventh century, a more advanced and warlike people known as the Chincha arrived in the coastal area. The Chincha had developed systems of architecture, agriculture and irrigation. The Chincha came to dominate the original inhabitants of the area. Some aspects of the original Pre-Chincha culture were absorbed by the newcomers. The word Chincha is derived from "Chinchay" or "Chinchas" or "Cinca" which means "ocelot" in Chincha Quechua. The Chincha worshiped an ocelot god, and believed themselves to be descended from ocelots, who gave them their warlike and dominating tendencies. The Chincha fertilized their fields with dead birds and guano, and this knowledge was passed on to later peoples. The Chincha learned seafaring skills from the Pre-Chincha, and may have traveled as far as Central America by boat.

A bay in Chincha, 1863 Chincha muelle.JPG
A bay in Chincha, 1863

Inca era

Between 1458 and 1460, the Chincha were conquered by the armies of the Inca Empire led by Tupac Inca Yupanqui during the reign of his father, Pachacuti. The Chincha area became an important part of the Inca Empire, and the Inca valued the Chincha for their agricultural knowledge, military skill and trade routes.

Colonial era

The Chincha region was then conquered by the Spanish, the area suffered a 99 percent decline in population in the first 85 years of Spanish rule and many places regressed into wilderness, Africans brought by the Spanish began to settle in the region en masse, some of the Chincha's surrounding areas became a haven for fugitive African slaves known by the Spanish as Cimarrones.

Modern era

In the early 19th Century, Chincha was known to British mariners as Chinca [3] or Chinka. In late 1806, the British privateers Port au Prince and Lucy collaborated in capturing some Spanish vessels off the coast there and engaged in some inconclusive battles with the Spanish frigate Astraea.

The Chincha Islands, which are off the coast of Peru near Chincha and Pisco, were the focal point of the Chincha Islands War between Peru and Spain between 1864 and 1866.

2007 earthquake

The city, along with others near the Pacific coast, was damaged during the 2007 Peru earthquake.

Culture

African art and music

Drummers playing the Cajon Cajoneros en El Carmen Chincha.jpg
Drummers playing the Cajón

Afro-Peruvian culture has thrived in Chincha Alta, and the Afro-Peruvian residents of El Carmen district practice many traditional dances. The use of the Cajón drum, maracas and other traditional instruments figure prominently in Afro-Peruvian music, which is popular throughout the region. Traditional dances are performed during the Christmas season.

Afro-Peruvian folk culture

During February the "Verano Negro" (literally "Black Summer") festival is held, celebrating Afro-Peruvian food, music, culture and dance. The cuisine of the Chincha Alta area is considered distinct from other parts of Peru, because of its African background.

Climate

Climate data for Chincha Alta (elevation 71 m (233 ft), 1991–2020 normals)
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)27.4
(81.3)
28.5
(83.3)
28.1
(82.6)
26.5
(79.7)
23.6
(74.5)
21.2
(70.2)
20.2
(68.4)
19.8
(67.6)
20.7
(69.3)
21.6
(70.9)
23.1
(73.6)
25.2
(77.4)
23.8
(74.9)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)19.9
(67.8)
20.6
(69.1)
20.1
(68.2)
18.0
(64.4)
15.7
(60.3)
14.7
(58.5)
14.4
(57.9)
14.4
(57.9)
14.6
(58.3)
14.9
(58.8)
15.7
(60.3)
17.7
(63.9)
16.7
(62.1)
Average precipitation mm (inches)0.6
(0.02)
0.8
(0.03)
0.6
(0.02)
0
(0)
0.3
(0.01)
1.1
(0.04)
1.6
(0.06)
1.1
(0.04)
1.0
(0.04)
0.6
(0.02)
0.3
(0.01)
0.4
(0.02)
8.4
(0.31)
Source: National Meteorology and Hydrology Service of Peru [4]

Anthem

It was composed in 1984 by Mrs. Ana Maria del Solar and Manolo Andrade Avalos, creators of the music and lyrics respectively, and approved by Municipal Resolution No. 1440 on 30 October of the same year. It has a chorus and three verses which commend and exalt the beauty of the Chincha region as well as the courage and heroism of its people.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Demographics of Peru</span> Demographics of country

This is a demography of the population of Peru including population density, ethnicity, education level, the health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nazca</span> Archaeological site and modern city in Peru

Nazca is a city and system of valleys on the southern coast of Peru. The city of Nazca is the largest in the Nazca Province. The name is derived from the Nazca culture, which flourished in the area between 100 BC and AD 800. This culture was responsible for the Nazca Lines and the ceremonial city of Cahuachi. They also constructed additional underground aqueducts, named puquios, in a regional system that still functions today. The first puquios are believed to have been built by the preceding Paracas culture.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Moyobamba</span> Place in San Martín, Peru

Moyobamba or Muyupampa is the capital city of the San Martín Region in northern Peru. Called "Santiago of eight valleys of Moyobamba" or "Maynas capital". There are 50,073 inhabitants, according to the 2017 census. Some 3,500 species of orchids are native to the area, which has led to the city's nickname of The City of Orchids. The city is the capital of both Moyobamba Province and Moyobamba District.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Puno</span> City in south-eastern Peru

Puno is a city in southeastern Peru, located on the shore of Lake Titicaca. It is the capital city of the Puno Region and the Puno Province with a population of approximately 140,839. The city was established in 1668 by viceroy Pedro Antonio Fernández de Castro as capital of the province of Paucarcolla with the name San Juan Bautista de Puno. The name was later changed to San Carlos de Puno, in honor of king Charles II of Spain. Puno has several churches dating back from the colonial period; they were built to service the Spanish population and evangelize the Quechua people.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Department of Ica</span> First-level administrative division on the southwestern coast of Peru

Ica is a department and region of Peru. It borders the Pacific Ocean on the west; the Lima Region on the north; the Huancavelica and Ayacucho regions on the east; and the Arequipa Region on the south. Its capital is the city of Ica.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ica, Peru</span> Place in Ica, Peru

Ica is a city and the capital of the Department of Ica in southern Peru. While the area was long inhabited by varying cultures of indigenous peoples, the Spanish conquistador Jerónimo Luis de Cabrera claimed its founding in 1563.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Moquegua</span> City in Peru

Moquegua is a city in southern Peru, located in the Department of Moquegua, of which it is the capital. It is also capital of Mariscal Nieto Province and Moquegua District. It is located 1144 kilometers south of the capital city of Lima.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Huánuco</span> Place in Peru

Huánuco is a city in central Peru. It had a population of 196,627 as of 2017 and in 2015 it had a population of 175,068. It is the capital of the Huánuco Region and the Huánuco District. It is the seat of the diocese of Huánuco. The metropolitan city of Huanuco is 170,000 hab. It has three districts, Huanuco (head), Amarilis, and Pillco Marca. In this city, the Higueras river meets the Huallaga river, one of the largest rivers in the country.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tumbes, Peru</span> Town in Tumbes, Peru

Tumbes is a city in northwestern Peru, on the banks of the Tumbes River. It is the capital of the Tumbes Region, as well as of Tumbes Province and Tumbes District. Located near the border with Ecuador, Tumbes has 111,595 inhabitants as of 2015. It is served by the Cap. FAP Pedro Canga Rodriguez Airport. It is located on the Gulf of Guayaquil along with Zorritos.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jaén, Peru</span> Town in Cajamarca, Peru

Jaén, founded as San Leandro de Jaén and then known as Jerez de la Frontera and finally as Jaén de Bracamoros since April 1549, is a city which is the capital of the Jaén Province in the Cajamarca Region in Peru, located in the high jungle of northern Peru. It is the seat of the Catholic Apostolic Vicariate of St. Francis Xavier, also known as Apostolic Vicariate of Jaén en Peru.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sullana</span> Place in Piura, Peru

Sullana is a city in Peru and the capital of the Sullana Province, Piura, in the north-western coastal plains of Peru on the Chira valley. The city is home to 162,500 people and is one of the most important cities in the Department of Piura.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chincha culture</span> Native American culture

The Chincha culture was the culture of a Native Peruvian people living near the Pacific Ocean in south west Peru. The Chincha Kingdom and their culture flourished in the Late Intermediate Period, also known as the regional states period of pre-Columbian Peru. They became part of the Inca Empire around 1480. They were prominent as sea-going traders and lived in a large and fertile oasis valley. La Centinela is an archaeological ruin associated with the Chincha. It is located near the present-day city of Chincha Alta.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Black Peruvians</span> Peruvian of African descent

Black Peruvians or Afro-Peruvians are Peruvians of mostly or partially African descent. They mostly descend from enslaved Africans brought to Peru after the arrival of the conquistadors.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Andahuaylas</span> Place in Apurímac, Peru

Andahuaylas, founded in 1533 as San Pedro de Andahuaylas «La Grande de la Corona», is a Peruvian city. It is the capital of the Andahuaylas Province in the Apurímac Region. It is known as the pradera de los celajes. Its approximate population of 42,268 inhabitants makes it the largest city in the region.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Peruvians</span> People identified with the country of Peru

Peruvians are the citizens of Peru. What is now Peru has been inhabited for several millennia by cultures such as the Caral before the Spanish conquest in the 16th century. Peruvian population decreased from an estimated 5–9 million in the 1520s to around 600,000 in 1620 mainly because of infectious diseases carried by the Spanish. Spaniards and Africans arrived in large numbers in 1532 under colonial rule, mixing widely with each other and with Native Peruvians. During the Republic, there has been a gradual immigration of European people. Chinese and Japanese arrived in large numbers at the end of the 19th century.

Chincha may refer to:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ferreñafe</span> Place in Lambayeque, Peru

Ferreñafe is a town in Northern Peru, capital of the province Ferreñafe in the region Lambayeque.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">San Juan Bautista District, Ica</span> District in Ica, Peru

San Juan Bautista District is one of fourteen districts of the Ica Province of the Ica Region of Peru. The District 'seat' is the town of San Juan Bautista.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chancay</span> Place in Lima, Peru

Chancay is a small city located 78 km (48 mi) north of Lima. Its population is 63,378. The Chancay culture was a pre-Columbian archaeological culture, later part of the Inca Empire.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Moche, Trujillo</span> Place in La Libertad Region, Peru

Moche is a Peruvian city, the capital of Moche District in Trujillo Province of La Libertad Region in northern Peru. It is located in the Moche Valley and was the center of development of the ancient Moche or Mochica culture. Now it is a major tourist destination of the Moche Route tourist circuit and It is part of the integrated area of Trujillo city.

References

  1. Perú: Población estimada al 30 de junio y tasa de crecimiento de las ciudades capitales, por departamento, 2011 y 2015. Perú: Estimaciones y proyecciones de población total por sexo de las principales ciudades, 2012–2015 (Report). Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática. March 2012. Retrieved 3 June 2015.
  2. "Aspectos Metodológicos" (PDF). Migración Interna Reciente y el Sistema de Ciudades, 2002–2007 (in Spanish). cional de Estadística e Informática. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 October 2013. Retrieved 14 June 2013.
  3. "Chinca", Encyclopaedia Britannica , vol. II (1st ed.), Edinburgh: Colin Macfarquhar, 1771.
  4. "Normales Climaticás Estándares y Medias 1991-2020". National Meteorology and Hydrology Service of Peru. Archived from the original on 21 August 2023. Retrieved 6 November 2023.

13°27′S76°08′W / 13.450°S 76.133°W / -13.450; -76.133