Part of a series on the |
Israelportal |
Far-right politics in Israel encompasses ideologies such as ultranationalism, Jewish supremacy, Jewish fascism, Jewish fundamentalism, Anti-Arabism, [1] anti-Palestinianism, and ideological movements such as Kahanism
In recent times, the term "far-right" is mainly used to describe advocates of policies such as the expansion of Israeli settlements in the West Bank, opposition to Palestinian statehood, and imposition of Israeli sovereignty over the Gaza Strip, the West Bank, and all of Jerusalem.
In association with the 2023 Israeli judicial reform the Likud-led Thirty-seventh government of Israel was frequently described as "Fascist" or "Dictatorial". [2] [3] [4] Bezalel Smotrich repeatedly, flippantly, described himself as a fascist. [5]
Also during 2023 (but almost always separately), many people expressed concern that the policies and actions of the Israeli far right would lead to a "third intifada". Such as Haaretz journalist Amos Harel. [6] But this commentary went largely unnoticed outside of Israel and the middle east. [7]
In 2024, many individuals and groups on the far-right in Israel are advocating for the reoccupation of Gaza following the Israel-Hamas war. [8]
Several journalists and human rights groups such as B'Tselem, Amnesty International, and Human Rights Watch claim that the ideology advocated by the Israeli far-right are fascist and racist towards Palestinians, Arab citizens of Israel and immigrants. They see it as a danger to democracy, and claim that it uses violence and encourages violation of human rights. [9] [10] [11] [12] President of the United States Joe Biden said Benjamin Netanyahu's government contained "some of the most extreme" members he had ever seen. [13]
During 2022 and 2023, the Likud-led far right coalition was frequently described in authoritarian terms, such as "Fascist", "a dictatorship", and "Stalinist" (for Stalinism's authoritarian aspects). [14]
Prior to the establishment of Israel, far-right Jewish groups were based on Revisionist Zionism, which promoted the Jewish right to sovereignty over all of Mandatory Palestine through the use of armed struggle. [15]
Revisionist Zionism's ideological and cultural roots were influenced by Italian fascism. Ze'ev Jabotinsky, the founder of Revisionist Zionism, believed that Britain could no longer be trusted to advance Zionism, and that Fascist Italy, as a growing political challenger to Britain, was therefore an ally. [16] [17]
Ze'ev Jabotinsky was a secular Zionists and an extremist nationalist. [18] He was exiled from the British Mandate for supporting armed struggle against the British. [18]
In 1923, Jabotinsky established the Revisionist Zionist youth movement Betar at a meeting in Riga, Latvia. [19] 2 years later in 1925, the Revisionist "Hatzohar" Party was established, [20] [21] as a movement that existed separate from the main Zionist movement, the World Zionist Organization. [22] The term "revisionist" referred to a revision of the World Zionist Organization's policies at the time. The Irgun, a Revisionist Zionist paramilitary organization, established by Avraham Tehomi in 1931, opposed British rule over Palestine, and was engaged in acts of terrorism against British officers and Arabs, in an attempt to expel them from the land and achieve Jewish sovereignty. [23] [24] [25] [26] The Irgun joined forces with Betar and Hatzohar in 1937. [27]
Revisionist Maximalism was a short-lived right-wing militant political ideology that was a part of the Brit HaBirionim faction of the Zionist Revisionist Movement created by Abba Ahimeir.[ citation needed ] Abba Ahimier was born in Russia in 1897 and migrated to Palestine at the age of fifteen. In 1928 Ahimier joined Jabotinsky's Revisionist movement and became one of the movement's important activists. [28] [ verification needed ]
In 1930, Brit HaBirionim under Ahimeir's leadership publicly declared their desire to form a fascist state. [29] The Revisionist Maximalist movement borrowed principles from totalitarianism and fascism and it also drew inspiration from Józef Piłsudski's Poland and Benito Mussolini's Italy. [30] Revisionist Maximalists strongly supported the Italian fascist regime of Benito Mussolini and wanted the creation of a Jewish state based on fascist principles. [31]
The goal of the Maximalists was to "extract Revisionism from its liberal entrapment", because they wanted Ze'ev Jabotinsky's status to be elevated to the status of a dictator, [32] and desired to forcably assimilate the population of Palestine into Hebrew society. [33] The Maximalists believed that authoritarianism and national solidarity was necessary to have the public collaborate with the government, and to create total unity in Palestine. [33]
This section is in a state of significant expansion or restructuring. You are welcome to assist in its construction by editing it as well. If this section has not been edited in several days , please remove this template. If you are the editor who added this template and you are actively editing, please be sure to replace this template with {{ in use }} during the active editing session. Click on the link for template parameters to use. This article was last edited by Quebec99 (talk | contribs) 3 hours ago. (Update timer) |
The Lehi, also known as the Stern Gang , was a Revisionist Zionist militant group, founded by Avraham Stern in Mandatory Palestine in 1940. The group split from the Irgun, and sought a similar alliance with Fascist Italy. [27] Lehi also believed that Nazi Germany was less of an enemy of the Jews than Britain was, and attempted to form an alliance with the Nazis, proposing a Jewish state based on "nationalist and totalitarian principles, and linked to the German Reich by an alliance". [35] [36] [ verification needed ] Avraham Stern, then commander of the Lehi, objected to the White Paper of 1939, British plans to restrict Jewish immigration and Jewish land purchase in Palestine, and proposed the creation of a binational Jewish-Arab Palestine. calling for an armed struggle against the British instead. [37] [38]
The White Paper's publication also intensified the conflict between the Zionist militias and the British Army; a Jewish general strike was called, attacks were launched against Arabs and British police, telephone services and power lines were sabotaged, and violent speeches of protest were held for several months. [39] A week after the publication of the White Paper of 1939, the Irgun planted an explosive device in the Rex cinema in Jerusalem, injuring 18 people, including 13 Arabs and 3 British police officers. On that same day, 25 Irgun members attacked the Arab village Biyar 'Adas, forced their way into 2 houses, and shot 5 Arab civilians to death. [40]
In the aftermath of the 1967 Six-Day War, Israel captured the Golan Heights, the West Bank, the Sinai Peninsula, and the Egyptian-occupied Gaza Strip. [41] This victory resulted in the revival of "territorial maximalism", with aspirations to annex and settle these new territories. [42] leading some Israeli political leaders to argue for the redefinition of the country's borders in accordance with the vision of Greater Israel. [43] The Movement for Greater Israel, which emerged about a month after the Six-Day War ended, advocated for the control over all of the territories captured during the war, including the Sinai Peninsula, West Bank, and Golan Heights. The members of the movement demanded immediate imposition of Israeli sovereignty over the territories. The supporters of the movement were united by a territorial maximalist ideology. [43] During the summer of 1967, far-right nationalists began to establish settlements in the occupied West Bank to establish a Jewish presence on the land. [44] Menachem Begin's agreement to return the Sinai Peninsula to Egypt, as well as his initiation of the Autonomy Plan, caused parts of the political right to radicalise and adopt far-right political ideologies. [45]
The Kach party, founded by Meir Kahane in 1971, was a far-right Orthodox Jewish, Religious Zionist political party in Israel. The party's ideology, known as Kahanism, advocated the transfer of the Arab population from Israel, and the creation of a Jewish theocratic state, in which only Jews have voting rights. [46] Kach additionally argued that Israel should annex the 1967 Israeli-occupied territories because of their religious significance. [47] [48] The party's motto, "Rak Kach" lit. 'Only thus', was derived from the motto of the Irgun, a Zionist militant organization active in the 1940s. [47] [49] In the 1973 Israeli legislative election, Kach won 0.81% of the total votes, falling short to pass the electoral threshold, which was 1% at the time. In the next elections in 1977, Kach failed once again to win enough votes for parliamentary presence. [50] Kach earned a single seat in the Knesset in the 1984 Israeli legislative election. [51] [52]
Shortly after Meir Kahane was sworn in as a member of the Knesset, he made his first media-oriented provocation by announcing his plan to open an emigration office in the Arab village of Umm al-Fahm. He stated that his plan was to offer residents of the village financial incentives to leave their homes and the country. [53] The town declared a general strike shortly after, and roughly 30,000 people, including liberal Jews, arrived at Umm-al-Fahm to prevent Kahane from entering the town. The Israel Police initially decided to accompany Kahane with 1000 police officers as he marched, but later decided to cancel Kahane's march altogether, in concern of negative consequences. [54]
Kach activists frequently entered Arab localities in Israel, distributing propaganda leaflets in demonstrations, provocatively raising the Israeli flag, making Arabs sign the Israeli Declaration of Independence, threatening them against moving to majority-Jewish towns, and convincing Arabs to leave the country. [55] Some of Meir Kahane's legislative initiatives were mostly related to the "Arab problem" in Israel, intending to separate Jews and Arabs in public swimming pools, banning romantic relations between Jews and Arabs, and revoking the citizenship of Arabs in Israel. [56] In his book, "They Must Go", Kahane wrote: "There is only one path for us to take: the immediate transfer of Arabs from Eretz Yisrael. For Arabs and Jews in Eretz Yisrael there is only one answer: separation, Jews in their land, Arabs in theirs. Separation. Only separation." [57]
One bill which he proposed required the imposition of a mandatory death penalty on any non-Jew who either harmed or attempted to harm a Jew, as well as the automatic deportation of the perpetrator's family and the perpetrator's neighbors from Israel and the West Bank. [58] The Supreme of Israel struck down his initiatives, on the grounds that there was no precedent and provision for them in the Basic Laws of Israel. [59] To limit the potential influence of anti-democratic parties such as Kach, the Knesset, in 1985, proposed a new amendment to exclude parties that negate the democratic character of Israel. [59] Kach was later barred from the 1988 elections, and its appeal was denied by the Supreme Court. [59] 1994, following Baruch Goldstein's massacre of 29 Palestinians at the Cave of the Patriarchs, Israel designated Kach, for which Goldstein previously stood as a Knesset Candidate, [60] as a terror organization. [61] <ref [62]
The far-right in Israel opposed the Oslo Accords, with Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin being assassinated in 1995 by a right-wing Israeli extremist for signing them. [63] Yigal Amir, Rabin's assassin, had opposed Rabin's peace process, particularly the signing of the Oslo Accords, because he felt that an Israeli withdrawal from the West Bank would deny Jews their "biblical heritage which they had reclaimed by establishing settlements". [44] Rabin was also criticized by right-wing conservatives and Likud leaders who perceived the peace process as an attempt to forfeit the occupied territories and a surrender to Israel's enemies. [64] [65] After the murder, it was revealed that Avishai Raviv, a well-known right-wing extremist at the time, was a Shin Bet agent and informant. [66] Prior to Rabin's murder, Raviv was filmed with a poster of Israeli prime minister Yitzhak Rabin in an SS uniform. [67] [68] [69] His mission was to monitor the activities of right-wing extremists, and he allegedly knew of Yigal Amir's plans to assassinate Rabin. [70]
The Israeli disengagement from Gaza, headed by Ariel Sharon, included the removal of all Jewish settlements in the Gaza Strip as well as several West Bank settlements, and resulted in protests and riots from Jewish settlers. [71] [72] [73] Posters covering the streets stated that "Ariel Sharon had no right to give up parts of the Land of Israel". The settlers managed to secure the support of Ovadia Yosef, then-leader of Shas party, who instructed Shas members of the Knesset to vote against the disengagement plan. [74] [75] Three settlers burned themselves alive in protest of the disengagement. [76] [77] [78] By September 12, 2005, the eviction of all settlers from the Gaza Strip and demolition of their houses was completed, [79] [80] bringing Israel's 38 years of military rule over the Gaza Strip to a halt.
Otzma Yehudit (Hebrew: עוצמה יהודית, English: "Jewish Power") was founded in 2012 by Michael Ben-Ari, a former member of Kach. In the 2021 Israeli legislative election, Itamar Ben-Gvir, a follower of Kach, was elected to the Knesset as a representative of the Otzma Yehudit party. [81] Since 2022, Ben-Gvir has served as a Minister of National Security, and the party presently holds six seats in the Knesset. Lehava, one of the largest far-right organizations in Israel, advocates for the segregation and oppression of Palestinians. It has also been involved in acts of violence against Palestinians, LGBT individuals, and Christians. Both the United States and the United Kingdom have imposed sanctions on Lehava. [82] [83]
Noam (Hebrew : נעם, lit. 'Pleasantness'; officially known as Lazuz) [84] [85] is a far-right Orthodox Jewish, Religious Zionist political party in Israel, officially established in July 2019 by a very conservative faction in the Religious Zionist community inspired by Rabbi Zvi Thau and his Har Hamor Yeshiva. The party's main goal is to advance policies against LGBT rights, and against what its backers call "the destruction of the family". [84] Avi Maoz, the party's leader, was elected to the Knesset in 2021, and is the party's sole representative. [86] [87]
The Likud party, founded by Menachem Begin, and led by Benjamin Netanyahu, is the right-wing major party in Israeli politics. So, within Israel, in relative terms, they are centre-right, and nominally liberal. However, by international standards, and according to their international critics, they are "far right". [88]
The 37th Cabinet of Israel, formed on December 29, 2022, following the Knesset election on November 1, 2022, has been described as the most right-wing government in Israeli history, [89] [90] [91] [92] as well as Israel's most religious government. [93] [94] The coalition government consists of seven parties—Likud, United Torah Judaism, Shas, Religious Zionist Party, Otzma Yehudit, Noam, and National Unity—and is led by Benjamin Netanyahu. [95]
This section is in a state of significant expansion or restructuring. You are welcome to assist in its construction by editing it as well. If this section has not been edited in several days , please remove this template. If you are the editor who added this template and you are actively editing, please be sure to replace this template with {{ in use }} during the active editing session. Click on the link for template parameters to use. This article was last edited by Quebec99 (talk | contribs) 3 hours ago. (Update timer) |
In 2023, as part of a campaign for judicial reform, a bill known as the "reasonableness" bill was passed in Israel. This controversial law limited the power of the Supreme Court to declare government decisions unreasonable. [96] In one instance, more than 80,000 Israeli protesters rallied in Tel Aviv against the far-right government's plans to overhaul the judicial system. [97] In early 2024, the Supreme Court of Israel struck down the reform [98] on the grounds that it would deal a "severe and unprecedented blow to the core characteristics of the State of Israel as a democratic state". [99]
In early 2023 many people expressed concern that the policies and actions of the Israeli far right would lead to a "third intifada" (although the term "third intifada]]" was already used for the 2014 Jerusalem unrest). Due to events such as the Huwara rampage and Ben Gvir's activities at Al-Aqsa (see details below). Such as Haaretz journalist Amos Harel, "Will far-right minister Itamar Ben-Gvir’s chutzpah trigger a third intifada?", [6] and his other commentary on Ben Gvir and other members of the Likud-led far-right coalition. [100]
In March 2023 Yoav Gallant warned that something like 7 October attacks was looming, and was almost fired by Netanyahu for doing so. [101]
This article or section is in a state of significant expansion or restructuring. You are welcome to assist in its construction by editing it as well. If this article or section has not been edited in several days , please remove this template. If you are the editor who added this template and you are actively editing, please be sure to replace this template with {{ in use }} during the active editing session. Click on the link for template parameters to use. This article was last edited by Quebec99 (talk | contribs) 3 hours ago. (Update timer) |
The Al-Aqsa mosque compound [lower-alpha 1] (which Israelis refer to as the "Temple Mount") is one of the holiest sites in Islam and a Palestinian national symbol. [102] A substantial proportion of Al-Qassam's stated reasons for the 7 October attacks related to increased hostility at Al-Aqsa. [103] [104] [105] They called the initial attack, and their role in the subsequent war "Al-Aqsa Flood". [105]
Before October 2023, National Security Minister Itamar Ben-Gvir led a groups of up to a thousand ultra nationalist Israeli settlers to the Al-Aqsa compound in East Jerusalem at least four times. [102]
On 26 February 2023, in retaliation for the shooting of two settlers the same day by an unidentified attacker, [106] [107] hundreds of Israeli settlers went on a violent late-night rampage in Huwara and other Palestinian villages in the Israeli-occupied West Bank, leaving one civilian dead and 100 other Palestinians injured, four critically, and the town ablaze. [107] [108] It was the worst attack stemming from Israeli settler violence in the northern West Bank in decades. [109] [110] [111]
Israeli soldiers were in the area while the rampage by the settlers unfolded and did not intervene. [108] The rampage was called a pogrom by an Israeli commander in charge of the area. [112]
Israeli and Palestinian officials issued a joint declaration in Aqaba, Jordan to counter the recent round of Israeli–Palestinian violence. [109] [110] [113]
In the rampage's aftermath, Israeli Finance Minister Bezalel Smotrich, a settler leader in charge of the administration of the West Bank, [114] [114] called for Huwara to be "wiped out" by the Israeli army. [115] [116] Condemnations from the United States, European Union, and Arab countries led to Smotrich retracting his comments and claiming they were said in the heat of the moment. [112] [117]
On the 6 October 2023 the United Nations issued a statement condemning the escalating violence in the West Bank, this followed many others.
Despite the 7 October attacks eminating from the Gaza Strip, most of the reasons Mohammed Deif gave for the attack were events in the West Bank and Jerusalem, such as Israeli settler violence and the expansion of the Israeli settlements. [104] [105] [103]
"The Israeli occupation has seized thousands of dunums of Palestinian territory and uprooted Palestinian citizens from their homes and lands to build illegal settlements while providing cover for colonial settlers to rampage through Palestinian towns villages and attack and terrorise the Palestinian citizens." - Mohammed Deif, October 7, 2023. [104] [105]
The 7 October 2023 speech and written statement from Mohammed Deif announcing "Operation Al-Aqsa Flood" included a very long list of objections to recent actions by Israel. [105] [121] [103] He did not name individuals or political parities, but referred to events and actions that had escalated the conflict, many of which had been previously identified as provocative. [104] [103]
Many of Israel's political leaders made extremist statements about the war agsinst Palestine.
Defence minister Yoav Galant, who is usually regarded as a moderate member of Likud, made extremist statents at the onset of the war, that were precieved by many as incitement to war crimes, or even genocidal. On 9 October 2023 Yoav Galant made a speech which many have described as genocidal. [122] [123]
“I have ordered a complete siege on the Gaza Strip. There will be no electricity, no food, no fuel, everything is closed. We are fighting human animals and we are acting accordingly,” [124] [125]
In a piece for Jewish Currents, Raz Segal (an associate professor of Holocaust and genocide studies at Stockton University and the endowed professor in the study of modern genocide) [126] described the assault on Gaza can also be understood in other terms: as "a textbook case of genocide". [127]
Israel's far-right ministers have made controversial comments during the 2023 Israel–Hamas war.
In May 2024, many individuals and groups on the far-right in Israel are advocating for the reoccupation of Gaza following the Israel-Hamas war. [135]
This article or section is in a state of significant expansion or restructuring. You are welcome to assist in its construction by editing it as well. If this article or section has not been edited in several days , please remove this template. If you are the editor who added this template and you are actively editing, please be sure to replace this template with {{ in use }} during the active editing session. Click on the link for template parameters to use. This article was last edited by Quebec99 (talk | contribs) 3 hours ago. (Update timer) |
This section is in a state of significant expansion or restructuring. You are welcome to assist in its construction by editing it as well. If this section has not been edited in several days , please remove this template. If you are the editor who added this template and you are actively editing, please be sure to replace this template with {{ in use }} during the active editing session. Click on the link for template parameters to use. This article was last edited by Quebec99 (talk | contribs) 3 hours ago. (Update timer) |
In July 2015, after the Jerusalem LGBT pride stabbing, Bezalel Smotrich called the Jerusalem gay pride parade a "Beast Parade", and refused to retract his homophobic remarks. [136] [137]
This section needs to be updated.(May 2024) |
In 2015, Bezalel Smotrich, a Knesset member from the Orthodox-religious Jewish Home party, referred to LGBT people as "abnormal", stating: "At home, everyone can be abnormal, and people can form whatever family unit they want. But they can't make demands from me, as the state." In the same discussion, he told the audience, "I am a proud homophobe". [138] He later apologized, and retracted his statement, saying: "Someone shouted from the crowd, and I responded inattentively". [139] [140]
In August 2015, Smotrich accused LGBT organizations of controlling the media, claiming they use their control to gain public sympathy and silence those who share his conservative views. [141] An Israeli NGO, Ometz, filed a complaint with the Knesset Ethics Committee to intervene and investigate Smotrich's comments. [142]
In June 2019, Jerusalem city inspectors took down a Pride banner hung by the US embassy for LGBTQ Pride Month. Deputy mayor Aryeh King had ordered the removal. [143]
In July 2019, interim Education Minister Rafi Peretz attracted criticism from when he endorsed conversion therapy. Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu rejected Peretz's comments as unacceptable, saying that they "do not represent [his] government's position" and that "[he] made it clear to him that the Israeli educational system will continue to accept all Jewish children whoever they are and without any difference based on sexual orientation." Thousands of Israeli teachers signed a petition demanding his resignation,<ref [62] and more than a thousand people protested his comments in Tel Aviv and in Peretz's hometown, calling for his dismissal. [144] Days layer, Peretz backtracked from his comments, labelling conversion therapy "inappropriate", but added that "individuals with a homosexual orientation have the right to receive professional help". [145] [146] [44] [43] [59] [ excessive citations ]
On 20 February 2008, Shlomo Benizri, a Knesset member from the religious Shas party, a member of Prime Minister Ehud Olmert's ruling coalition, blamed earthquakes that had recently struck the Middle East on the activities of homosexuals. Benizri said in a Knesset plenary session, "Why do earthquakes happen? ... One of the reasons is the things to which the Knesset gives legitimacy, to sodomy." He recommended that instead of merely reinforcing buildings to withstand earthquakes, the Government should pass legislation to outlaw "perversions like adoptions by gay couples". Benizri stated that, "A cost-effective way of averting earthquake damage would be to stop passing legislation on how to encourage homosexual activity in the State of Israel, which anyways causes earthquakes." [147]
The far-right in Israel have used a variety of ways over the years to achieve their political goals. These include far-right parties such as Kach, Otzma Yehudit, and Eretz Yisrael Shelanu being represented in the Knesset, Israel's parliament. [148] Establishment of unauthorized Israeli outposts in the West Bank is also common among far-right extremist groups, such as the Hilltop Youth. [144] [146] [145] [149] Jewish extremist terrorism was carried out by extremists within Judaism, including the assassination of Palestinian mayors by the Jewish Underground group, the Cave of the Patriarchs massacre, the murder of the boy Mohammed Abu Khdeir, and the Duma arson attack. [150] [151] Further, "price tag attacks" have been committed in the occupied West Bank by extremist Israeli settler youths against Palestinian Arabs, and to a lesser extent against left-wing Israelis, Israeli Arabs, Christians, and Israeli security forces. [152] [153] Finally, political violence committed by far-right extremists, such as the murder of Emil Grunzweig, the attempted assassination of Zeev Sternhell, and the Assassination of Yitzhak Rabin. [154] [155]
Israeli settlements, also called Israeli colonies, are the civilian communities built by Israel throughout the Israeli-occupied territories. They are populated by Israeli citizens, almost exclusively of Jewish identity or ethnicity, and were built on lands occupied by Israel since the Six-Day War in 1967. The international community considers Israeli settlements to be illegal under international law, but Israel disputes this. The expansion of settlements often involves the confiscation of Palestinian land and resources, leading to displacement of Palestinian communities and creating a source of tension and conflict. Settlements are often protected by the Israeli military and are frequently flashpoints for violence against Palestinians. Further, the presence of settlements and Jewish-only bypass roads creates a fragmented Palestinian territory, seriously hindering economic development and freedom of movement for Palestinians.
The Israeli–Palestinian conflict is an ongoing military and political conflict about land and self-determination within the territory of the former Mandatory Palestine. Key aspects of the conflict include the Israeli occupation of the West Bank and Gaza Strip, the status of Jerusalem, Israeli settlements, borders, security, water rights, the permit regime, Palestinian freedom of movement, and the Palestinian right of return.
Baruch Kopel Goldstein was an American-Israeli mass murderer, religious extremist, and physician who perpetrated the 1994 Cave of the Patriarchs massacre in Hebron in the Israeli-occupied West Bank, an incident of Jewish terrorism. Goldstein was a supporter of the Kach, a religious Zionist party that the United States, the European Union and other countries designate as a terrorist organization.
The history of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict traces back to the late 19th century when Zionists sought to establish a homeland for the Jewish people in Ottoman-controlled Palestine, a region roughly corresponding to the Land of Israel in Jewish tradition. The Balfour Declaration of 1917, issued by the British government, endorsed the idea of a Jewish homeland in Palestine, which led to an influx of Jewish immigrants to the region. Following World War II and the Holocaust, international pressure mounted for the establishment of a Jewish state in Palestine, leading to the creation of Israel in 1948.
Revisionist Zionism is a form of Zionism characterized by territorial maximalism. Revisionist Zionism promoted expansionism and the establishment of a Jewish majority on both sides of the Jordan River.
Greater Israel is an expression with several different biblical and political meanings over time. It is often used, in an irredentist fashion, to refer to the historic or desired borders of Israel.
The Religious Zionist Party, known as Tkuma until 2021 and officially known as National Union–Tkuma, was a far-right, ultra-nationalist, Jewish supremacist, and religious Zionist political party in Israel. In all the elections since its founding in 1998, the party had joined other factions and competed as part of a united list. In 2023, the Religious Zionist Party and The Jewish Home agreed to merge to become National Religious Party–Religious Zionism.
Jewish extremist terrorism is terrorism, including religious terrorism, committed by extremists within Judaism.
Dov Lior is an Israeli Orthodox rabbi. He served as the Chief Rabbi of Hebron and Kiryat Arba in the southern West Bank until late 2014. He is the rosh yeshiva of the Kiryat Arba Hesder Yeshiva and heads the "Council of Rabbis of Judea and Samaria".
Jewish fascism is a term that is applied to Jewish political factions which are on the far-right wing of the political spectrum.
This is a timeline of the development of and controversy over Israeli settlements. As of January 30, 2022 the West Bank settlement population was 490,493 and the settler population in the Golan Heights was almost 27,000 and in East Jerusalem the settler population was around 220,000.
Otzma Yehudit or Jewish Power is a far-right, ultra-nationalist, Kahanist and anti-Arab political party in Israel. It is the ideological descendant of the anti-Arab, and outlawed, Kach party.
Orit Malka Strook is a far-right Israeli politician. She serves as the Minister of Settlements and National Missions in the thirty-seventh government, and is a member of the Knesset for the National Religious Party–Religious Zionism, and served as member of the Knesset for Tkuma between 2013 and 2015. Strook is also among the leaders of the Jewish settlement in Hebron, and she established the Israeli non-governmental organization Human Rights Organization of Judea and Samaria, which she headed between 2004 and 2012.
Kahanism is a religious Zionist ideology based on the views of Rabbi Meir Kahane, founder of the Jewish Defense League and the Kach party in Israel.
Politics in Israel are dominated by Zionist parties. They traditionally fall into three camps, the first two being the largest: Labor Zionism, revisionist Zionism, and religious Zionism. There are also several non-Zionist Orthodox religious parties and non-Zionist secular left-wing groups, as well as non-Zionist and anti-Zionist Israeli Arab parties.
Ben-Zion "Bentzi" Gophstein is a political activist affiliated with the far-right in Israel, a student of Meir Kahane, and founder and director of Lehava, an Israeli Jewish anti-assimilation organization. He was a member of the Council of Kiryat Arba, 2010–2013. In November 2019, he was indicted on charges of incitement to terrorism, violence, and racism. He was sanctioned by the United States Department of the Treasury and the European Union.
Bezalel Yoel Smotrich is an Israeli far-right politician and lawyer who has served as the Minister of Finance since 2022. The leader of the National Religious Party–Religious Zionism, he previously served as a Knesset member for Yamina.
Itamar Ben-Gvir is an Israeli far-right politician and lawyer who has served as the Minister of National Security since 2022. He is the leader of Otzma Yehudit, a Kahanist and anti-Arab party that won six seats in the 2022 Israeli legislative election, and is part of what has been called the most right-wing government in Israel's history.
Amihai Ben-Eliyahu, commonly known as Amihai Eliyahu, is an Israeli far-right politician and activist who has served as Minister of Heritage since 2022. Eliyahu also briefly served as a member of the Knesset for Otzma Yehudit following the 2022 Israeli legislative election.
Israel had dismantled its settlements in Gaza in its unilateral withdrawal from the area in 2005 after 28 years of occupation, and Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has stated that there is no current intention of permanently occupying Gaza or displacing any civilians living in the area. In the context of the Israel-Hamas war, however, some Israelis have proposed expulsion of or creating conditions leading to the exodus of Palestinians from the area and a new wave of resettlement of the Gaza Strip.
Donor: Boston Public Library
Between June 5 and June 10, Israel defeated Egypt, Jordan, and Syria and occupied the Sinai Peninsula, the Gaza Strip, the West Bank, East Jerusalem, and the Golan Heights
The Jew is forbidden to give up any part of the Land of Israel, which has been liberated. The land belongs to the G-d of Israel, and the Jew, given it by G-d, has no right to give away any part of it. All the areas liberated in 1967 will be annexed and made part of the State of Israel. Jewish settlement in every part of the land, including cities that today are sadly Judenrein, will be unlimited.
4 August: Security forces prevent thousands of Israeli protesters from marching into Gaza settlements
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)Israel has sworn in its most religious and right-wing parliament
Israel's most right-wing and religious government in its history
the most religious and hardline in Israel's history
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)Netanyahu's new government, deemed the most religious and right-wing in the country's history.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)Hamas justified its attack as a response to what it calls Israeli crimes against the Palestinian people. These include security raids on Islam's third holiest site - the al-Aqsa Mosque, in occupied East Jerusalem - and Jewish settlement activity in the occupied West Bank.
The Israeli occupation has seized thousands of dunums of Palestinian territory and uprooted Palestinian citizens from their homes and lands to build illegal settlements while providing cover for colonial settlers to rampage through Palestinian towns villages and attack and terrorise the Palestinian citizens.
A database of more than 500 statements showing Israeli incitement to genocide provides ample evidence of genocidal intent.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)