Indira Gandhi was an Indian politician who served as the third Prime Minister of India from 1966 to 1977 and again from 1980 until her assassination in 1984. She was India's first and,to date,only female prime minister,and a central figure in Indian politics as the leader of the Indian National Congress. Gandhi was the daughter of Jawaharlal Nehru,the first prime minister of India,and the mother of Rajiv Gandhi,who succeeded her in office as the country's sixth prime minister. Furthermore,Gandhi's cumulative tenure of 15 years and 350 days makes her the second-longest-serving Indian prime minister after her father. Henry Kissinger described her as an "Iron Lady",a nickname that became associated with her tough personality since her lifetime.
Rajiv Gandhi was an Indian politician who served as the 6th Prime Minister of India from 1984 to 1989. He took office after the assassination of his mother,then–prime minister Indira Gandhi,to become at the age of 40 the youngest Indian prime minister. He served until his defeat at the 1989 election,and then became Leader of the Opposition,Lok Sabha,resigning in December 1990,six months before his own assassination.
The Indian National Congress (INC),colloquially the Congress Party or simply the Congress,is a political party in India with deep roots in most regions of India. Founded on 28 December 1885,it was the first modern nationalist movement to emerge in the British Empire in Asia and Africa. From the late 19th century,and especially after 1920,under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi,the Congress became the principal leader of the Indian independence movement. The Congress led India to independence from the United Kingdom,and significantly influenced other anti-colonial nationalist movements in the British Empire.
Giani Zail Singh was an Indian politician from Punjab who served as the seventh president of India from 1982 to 1987 and 9th Chief Minister of Punjab. He was the first Sikh to become president.
Feroze Varun Gandhi is an Indian politician and a third-term Member of Parliament for Lok Sabha from the Pilibhit constituency. He is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party and was inducted into Rajnath Singh's team in March 2012 as General Secretary. He belongs to the Nehru–Gandhi family,which has occupied a prominent place in the politics of India since a time before the country's independence in 1947.
The Emergency in India was a 21-month period from 1975 to 1977 when Prime Minister Indira Gandhi had a state of emergency declared across the country.
Kamal Nath is an Indian politician who served as the 18th Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh for approximately 15 months and resigned after a political crisis. He was the Leader of the Opposition in the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly from March 2020 to April 2022.
Jagdish Tytler is an Indian politician and former Member of Parliament. He has held several government positions,the last being as Minister of State for Overseas Indian Affairs,a post from which he resigned after publication of a report by an official commission of inquiry,known as the Nanavati Commission. The commission had accused that he had a hand in organizing attacks on the Sikh community in Delhi after Sikh bodyguards assassinated the Prime Minister,Indira Gandhi,during the 1984 anti-Sikh riots. He has been charged with crimes related to those riots by CBI who filed a chargesheet against Jagdish Tytler on May 20,2023.
The Indian National Congress was established when 72 representatives from all over the country met at Bombay in 1885. Prominent delegates included Dadabhai Naoroji,Surendranath Banerjee,Badruddin Tyabji,Pherozeshah Mehta,W. C. Banerjee,S. Ramaswami Mudaliar,S. Subramania Iyer,and Romesh Chunder Dutt. The Englishman Allan Octavian Hume,a former British civil servant,was one of the founding members of the Indian National Congress.
Navnirman Andolan was a socio-political movement in 1974 in Gujarat by students and middle-class people against economic crisis and corruption in public life. It is the only successful agitation in the history of post-independence India that resulted in dissolution of an elected government of the state.
Sajjan Kumar is an Indian politician. He was elected to the Lok Sabha,the lower house of the Parliament of India from Outer Delhi as a member of the Indian National Congress but resigned from the primary membership of the party after he was convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment in a case relating to the 1984 anti-Sikh riots.
The Justice G.T. Nanavati commission was a one-man commission headed by Justice G.T. Nanavati,a retired Judge of the Supreme Court of India,appointed by the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) government in May 2000,to investigate the "killing of innocent sikhs" during the 1984 anti-Sikh riots. The commission was mandated to submit its report within six months,but it took five years. The report in two volumes was completed in February 2005.
General elections were held in India on 24,27 and 28 December 1984 soon after the assassination of previous Prime Minister,Indira Gandhi,though the vote in Assam and Punjab was delayed until 1985 due to ongoing insurgency.
Anarchism in India first emerged within the Indian independence movement,gaining particularly notoriety for its influence on Mohandas Gandhi's theory of Sarvodaya and his practice of nonviolent resistance. Anarchism was also an influence on the revolutionary movement,inspiring the works of Har Dayal,M. P. T. Acharya and Bhagat Singh,among others.
Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi was assassinated at 9:30 a.m. on 31 October 1984 at her residence in Safdarjung Road,New Delhi. She was killed by her Sikh bodyguards,Satwant Singh and Beant Singh,in the aftermath of Operation Blue Star by Indian Army between 1 and 8 June 1984 on the orders of Gandhi. The military operation was to remove Sikh militant Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale and other Sikh separatists from the Golden Temple of Harmandir Sahib in Amritsar,Punjab,the holiest site of Sikhism. The military action resulted in the death of many pilgrims as well as damage to the Akal Takht and the destruction of the Sikh Reference Library.
Harvinder Singh Phoolka,is a senior advocate of Delhi High Court,politician,human rights activist,and author. He served as the Leader of the Opposition in the Punjab Legislative Assembly.
The 1984 anti-Sikh riots,also known as the 1984 Sikh massacre,was a series of organised pogroms against Sikhs in India following the assassination of Indira Gandhi by her Sikh bodyguards. Government estimates project that about 2,800 Sikhs were killed in Delhi and 3,350 nationwide,whilst other sources estimate the number of deaths at about 8,000–17,000.
Guru Radha Kishan (1925-1996) was an Indian Independence activist and Communist politician.
General elections were held in India in 1984 soon after the assassination of previous Prime Minister,Indira Gandhi,though the vote in Assam and Punjab was delayed until 1985 due to ongoing fighting.
On September 5,1985,at 9:20 am member of the Delhi Metropolitan Council,close associate of Sanjay Gandhi,and Congress leader Arjun Dass was assassinated by 3 Sikhs in Delhi. The assassins were Harjinder Singh Jinda,Sukhdev Singh Sukha,and another member of Jinda's group. They killed Dass in revenge for his role in the 1984 anti-Sikh riots. Along with Arjun Dass his bodyguard,a constable,was killed and 6 others were injured.
