Hackney North and Stoke Newington (UK Parliament constituency)

Last updated

Hackney North and Stoke Newington
Borough constituency
for the House of Commons
HackneyNorthStokeNewington2007Constituency.svg
Boundary of Hackney North and Stoke Newington in Greater London
County Greater London
Electorate 75,401 (2023) [1]
Current constituency
Created 1950
Member of Parliament Diane Abbott (Labour)
SeatsOne
Created from Hackney North; Stoke Newington

Hackney North and Stoke Newington is a constituency [n 1] represented in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom since 1987 by Diane Abbott, a member of the Labour Party who served as Shadow Home Secretary from 6 October 2016 to 5 April 2020. Abbott was one of the first three Black British MPs elected, and the first female Black British MP in the UK.

Contents

Constituency profile

The constituency has always elected Labour MPs since its creation in 1950. While well connected to Central London, including the City of London, the seat generally has moderate incomes rather than high, and a narrow majority of wards had a relatively high ranking when placed in the Index of Multiple Deprivation, compiled in 2000. [2] In line with most of Greater London since 2000 many parts, especially Stamford Hill, Upper Clapton, Lower Clapton [3] have become marginal in terms of local councillors and these districts, with to a lesser extent the eponymous Hackney and Stoke Newington, are in the process of becoming re-gentrified with ongoing increases in land value, proximity to the London 2012 venues and a council that successfully reduced the level of crime by about 30% within a four-year period. [4] Demographically, almost 60% of households are singletons and households have a higher than average level of unemployment. [4]

Through all these changes, under incumbent Diane Abbott, the seat has remained a safe seat for Labour.

History

Hackney North and Stoke Newington (UK Parliament constituency)
Map of boundaries 2010–2024

The seat was created in 1950 and has gone through many changes: in January 2006 the boundary moved again, this time to correspond with the local government ward boundaries.

Following major electoral reform at the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885, also known as the Third Reform Act, the seat of Hackney was divided into two and Hackney North was formed, this time to return only one Member of Parliament, commencing with the 1885 general election.

The Stoke Newington constituency was created at the 1918 general election by the division of the Hackney North constituency by the Representation of the People Act 1918, known generally as Fourth Reform Act; an Act most importantly remembered for the first time extending suffrage to women. The constituency was identical in area to the Metropolitan Borough of Stoke Newington.

Following a decrease in the population the two constituencies were merged by the Representation of the People Act 1948, retaining David Weitzman as MP and becoming the current constituency in the 1950 general election.

Political history

The seat's narrowest majority of 18.3% was in 1979 and its greatest, 62.4%, was in 2017. The 2015 result made the seat the 18th safest of Labour's 232 seats by percentage of majority and seventh safest in London. [5]

In the 2016 referendum to leave the European Union, the constituency voted remain by 79.1%. This was the third highest support for remain for a constituency. [6]

Boundaries

Historic

Stoke Newington & Hackney North in London, 1950-55 StokeNewingtonHackneyN1950.png
Stoke Newington & Hackney North in London, 1950–55
Stoke Newington & Hackney North in London, 1955-74 StokeNewingtonHackneyN1955.png
Stoke Newington & Hackney North in London, 1955–74

1950–1955: The Metropolitan Borough of Hackney wards of Leaside, Maury, Southwold, Springfield, and Stamford, and the Metropolitan Borough of Stoke Newington.

1955–1974: The Metropolitan Borough of Hackney wards of Northfield, Northwold, Rectory, and Springfield, and the Metropolitan Borough of Stoke Newington.

1974–1983: The London Borough of Hackney wards of Brownswood, Clissold, Defoe, New River, Northfield, Northwold, and Springfield.

1983–2010: The London Borough of Hackney wards of Brownswood, Clissold, Eastdown, Leabridge, New River, North Defoe, Northfield, Northwold, Rectory, South Defoe, and Springfield.

2010–2024: The London Borough of Hackney wards of Brownswood, Cazenove, Clissold, Dalston, Hackney Downs, Leabridge, Lordship, New River, Springfield, and Stoke Newington Central.

Following a local government boundary review which became effective in 2014, [7] the contents of the seat were:


2024-present:

Hackney North and Stoke Newington in Greater London, from 2024 Hackney North and Stoke Newington 2023 Constituency.svg
Hackney North and Stoke Newington in Greater London, from 2024

Further to the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, which came into effect for the 2024 general election, the composition of the constituency is as follows (as they existed on 1 December 2020):

The Brownswood and Woodberry Down wards were transferred to Tottenham, and Dalston ward to Hackney South and Shoreditch, in exchange for the King's Park ward.

The constituency covers the northern part of the London Borough of Hackney.

The seat is bordered by the constituencies of Hackney South and Shoreditch, Islington North, Tottenham, and Walthamstow.

Members of Parliament

ElectionMember [9] Party
1950 David Weitzman Labour
1979 Ernie Roberts
1987 Diane Abbott
2023 Independent
2024 Labour

Election results

Elections in the 2020s

2024 general election: Hackney North and Stoke Newington [10]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour Diane Abbott 24,355 59.5 −10.3
Green Antoinette Fernandez9,27522.6+14.6
Conservative David Landau3,4578.4−4.6
Liberal Democrats Rebecca Jones1,5623.8−3.9
Reform UK Deborah Cairns1,2833.1+2.1
Independent Ryan Ahmed6211.5N/A
Monster Raving Loony Knigel Knapp2240.5N/A
Independent Kombat Diva1820.4N/A
Majority15,08036.9–19.9
Turnout 40,95952.7–15.5
Registered electors 77,797
Labour hold Swing Decrease2.svg12.5

Elections in the 2010s

2019 notional result [11]
PartyVote %
Labour 35,85669.8
Conservative 6,69413.0
Green 4,1178.0
Liberal Democrats 3,9737.7
Brexit Party 4891.0
Others2270.4
Turnout51,35668.1
Electorate75,401
2019 general election: Hackney North and Stoke Newington [12]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour Diane Abbott 39,972 70.3 −4.8
Conservative Benjamin Obese-Jecty 6,78411.9−0.8
Green Alex Armitage4,9898.8+4.2
Liberal Democrats Ben Mathis14,2837.5+0.8
Brexit Party Richard Ings6091.1New
Renew Haseeb Ur-Rehman1510.3New
Independent Loré Lixenberg 760.1New
Majority33,18858.4−4.0
Turnout 56,86461.5−4.7
Registered electors 92,462
Labour hold Swing -2.1

1: After the close of nominations, the Liberal Democrats suspended their support for Mathis's candidacy over tweets he made. [13]

2017 general election: Hackney North and Stoke Newington [14] [15]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour Diane Abbott 42,265 75.1 +12.2
Conservative Amy Gray7,12612.7−2.0
Liberal Democrats Joe Richards3,8176.8+1.8
Green Alastair Binnie-Lubbock2,6064.6−10.0
Animal Welfare Jonathan Homan2220.4−0.1
Independent Abraham Spielmann2030.4New
Friends PartyCoraline Corlis-Khan590.1New
Majority35,13962.4+14.2
Turnout 56,47866.2+9.6
Registered electors 85,058
Labour hold Swing +7.2
2015 general election: Hackney North and Stoke Newington [16] [17]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour Diane Abbott 31,357 62.9 +7.9
Conservative Amy Gray7,34914.7+0.2
Green Heather Finlay7,28114.6+10.0
Liberal Democrats Simon de Deney2,4925.0−18.9
UKIP Keith Fraser1,0852.2New
Animal Welfare Jon Homan2210.5New
Communist League Jonathan Silberman1020.2New
Majority24,00848.2+17.1
Turnout 49,88756.6−6.3
Registered electors 88,153
Labour hold Swing +3.9
2010 general election: Hackney North and Stoke Newington [18] [19]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour Diane Abbott 25,553 55.0 +6.0
Liberal Democrats Keith Angus11,09223.9+0.8
Conservative Darren Caplan6,75914.5+0.1
Green Matt Sellwood2,1334.6−5.1
Christian Maxine Hargreaves2990.6New
Independent Suzanne Moore 2580.6New
Monster Raving Loony Knigel Knapp1820.4−0.4
Independent Paul Shaer960.2New
Independent Alessandra Williams610.1New
Magna Carta PartyJack Pope-de-Locksley260.1New
Majority14,46131.1+5.8
Turnout 46,45962.9+13.5
Registered electors 73,906
Labour hold Swing +2.6

Elections in the 2000s

2005 general election: Hackney North and Stoke Newington
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour Diane Abbott 14,268 48.6 −12.4
Liberal Democrats James Blanchard6,84123.3+9.2
Conservative Ertan Hurer4,21814.4−0.6
Green Mischa Borris2,9079.9+2.5
Independent David Vail6022.0New
Socialist Labour Nusrat Sen2961.0−1.6
Monster Raving Loony Nigel Barrow2480.8New
Majority7,42725.3−20.7
Turnout 29,38049.6+0.6
Registered electors 59,274
Labour hold Swing −10.8
2001 general election: Hackney North and Stoke Newington
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour Diane Abbott 18,081 61.0 −4.2
Conservative Molly Dye4,43015.0−1.9
Liberal Democrats Meral Ece 4,17014.1+3.9
Green Chit Chong2,1847.4+3.1
Socialist Labour Sukant Chandan7562.6New
Majority13,65146.0−2.3
Turnout 29,62149.0−3.0
Registered electors 60,444
Labour hold Swing -1.1

Elections in the 1990s

1997 general election: Hackney North and Stoke Newington
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour Diane Abbott 21,110 65.2 +7.4
Conservative Michael Lavender5,48316.9−10.0
Liberal Democrats Douglas Taylor3,30610.2−1.3
Green Yen Chit Chong1,3954.3+1.1
Referendum Brian Maxwell5441.7New
IndependentDickon Tolson3681.1New
IndependentLisa Lovebucket1760.5New
Majority15,62748.3+17.4
Turnout 32,38252.0−11.5
Registered electors 62,308
Labour hold Swing +8.7
1992 general election: Hackney North and Stoke Newington
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour Diane Abbott 20,083 57.8 +9.1
Conservative Cole Manson9,35626.9−2.0
Liberal Democrats Keith Fitchett3,99611.5−7.7
Green Heather M. Hunt1,1113.2+0.6
Natural Law J Windsor1780.5New
Majority10,72730.9+11.1
Turnout 34,72463.5+5.4
Registered electors 54,655
Labour hold Swing +5.6

Elections in the 1980s

1987 general election: Hackney North and Stoke Newington
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour Diane Abbott 18,912 48.7 −3.3
Conservative Oliver Letwin 11,23428.9+0.3
Liberal Simon Taylor7,44619.2+3.4
Green David FitzPatrick9972.6+1.2
Red Front Yasmini Anwar2280.6New
Majority7,67819.8−3.6
Turnout 38,81758.1+3.4
Registered electors 66,771
Labour hold Swing –1.8
1983 general election: Hackney North and Stoke Newington
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour Ernie Roberts 18,989 52.0 +0.4
Conservative Hartley Booth 10,44428.6−4.6
Liberal David Ash5,74615.8New
Ecology David FitzPatrick4921.4New
Communist Monty Goldman 4261.2−1.3
National Front J Field3961.1−1.9
Majority8,54523.4+5.1
Turnout 36,49354.7−6.2
Registered electors 66,754
Labour hold Swing +2.5

Elections in the 1970s

1979 general election: Hackney North and Stoke Newington
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour Ernie Roberts 14,688 51.6 −7.6
Conservative Timothy Miller9,46733.2+11.81
Liberal Tudor Gates 3,03310.6−3.0
National Front Sylvia May8603.0−0.74
Communist Monty Goldman 4401.50.0
Majority5,22118.4−19.6
Turnout 28,48860.9+8.10
Registered electors 46,776
Labour hold Swing –4.2
October 1974 general election: Hackney North and Stoke Newington
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour David Weitzman 16,525 59.20 +6.68
Conservative Anthony John Wylson5,97221.39−2.56
Liberal Simon J. Lyons3,79613.60−4.55
National Front Henry Charles Lord1,0443.74−0.01
Communist Monty Goldman 4181.50−0.13
Workers Revolutionary Michael Van der Poorten1590.57New
Majority10,55337.81+9.24
Turnout 27,91452.80−9.33
Registered electors 52,870
Labour hold Swing +4.6
February 1974 general election: Hackney North and Stoke Newington
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour David Weitzman 17,160 52.52 −10.32
Conservative Anthony John Wylson7,82623.95−10.75
Liberal Simon J. Lyons5,93218.15New
National Front Henry Charles Lord1,2263.75New
Communist Monty Goldman 5321.63−0.81
Majority9,33428.57+0.45
Turnout 32,67662.13+12.06
Registered electors 52,595
Labour hold Swing +0.3
1970 general election: Hackney North and Stoke Newington
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour David Weitzman 20,446 62.84 −4.57
Conservative John R. Boast11,29834.72+6.28
Communist Monty Goldman 7932.44−1.71
Majority9,14828.12−10.85
Turnout 32,53750.07−5.74
Registered electors 64,980
Labour hold Swing -5.4

Elections in the 1960s

1966 general election: Hackney North and Stoke Newington
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour David Weitzman 24,221 67.41 +10.02
Conservative John R. Boast10,22128.44−0.14
Communist Monty Goldman 1,4914.15New
Majority14,00038.97+10.16
Turnout 35,93355.81−2.39
Registered electors 64,389
Labour hold Swing +5.1
1964 general election: Hackney North and Stoke Newington
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour David Weitzman 21,777 57.39 +4.78
Conservative Roger White 10,84328.58−4.76
Liberal Jack Bright5,32414.03+0.08
Majority10,93428.81+9.44
Turnout 37,94458.20−9.52
Registered electors 65,191
Labour hold Swing +4.8

Elections in the 1950s

1959 general election: Hackney North and Stoke Newington
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour David Weitzman 22,950 52.71 −4.25
Conservative Roger White 14,51533.34−0.87
Liberal Philip Phillips6,07613.95+8.56
Majority8,43519.37−3.38
Turnout 43,54167.72−0.19
Registered electors 64,723
Labour hold Swing –1.7
1955 general election: Hackney North and Stoke Newington
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour David Weitzman 25,253 56.96 −2.13
Conservative Leonard Defries-Porter15,16534.21+0.45
Liberal Benjamin Ashkenazi2,3885.39−1.76
Communist Aubrey Morris1,5253.44New
Majority10,08822.75−2.59
Turnout 44,33167.91−11.0
Registered electors 65,281
Labour hold Swing –1.3
1951 general election: Hackney North and Stoke Newington
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour David Weitzman 37,406 59.09 +4.19
Conservative Trevor Skeet 21,36933.76+2.16
Liberal Joan Allison4,5247.15−5.45
Majority16,03725.34+2.04
Turnout 63,29978.91+0.23
Registered electors 80,221
Labour hold Swing +1.0
1950 general election: Hackney North and Stoke Newington
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour David Weitzman 33,783 54.9
Conservative William H. Bishop19,46931.6
Liberal Philip Phillips7,74012.6
Social Credit John Hargrave 5510.9
Majority14,31423.3
Turnout 61,45378.68
Registered electors 78,218
Labour win (new seat)

See also

Notes

  1. A borough constituency (for the purposes of election expenses and type of returning officer)

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">London Borough of Hackney</span> London borough in United Kingdom

The London Borough of Hackney is a London borough in Inner London, England. The historical and administrative heart of Hackney is Mare Street, which lies 5 miles (8 km) north-east of Charing Cross. The borough is named after Hackney, its principal district. Southern and eastern parts of the borough are popularly regarded as being part of east London that spans some of the traditional East End of London with the northwest belonging to north London. Its population is estimated to be 281,120.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stoke Newington</span> Area in London, England

Stoke Newington is an area in the northwest part of the London Borough of Hackney, England. The area is five miles northeast of Charing Cross. The Manor of Stoke Newington gave its name to Stoke Newington, the ancient parish.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Metropolitan Borough of Hackney</span>

The Metropolitan Borough of Hackney was a metropolitan borough of the County of London from 1900 to 1965. Its area became part of the London Borough of Hackney.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Metropolitan Borough of Stoke Newington</span> Former London borough, United Kingdom

The Metropolitan Borough of Stoke Newington was a metropolitan borough in the County of London between 1900 and 1965 when it became part of the London Borough of Hackney.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Leyton and Wanstead (UK Parliament constituency)</span> Parliamentary constituency in the United Kingdom, 1997 onwards

Leyton and Wanstead is a constituency in Greater London created in 1997 and represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2024 by Calvin Bailey of the Labour Party.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stoke-on-Trent North (UK Parliament constituency)</span> Parliamentary constituency in the United Kingdom, 1950 onwards

Stoke-on-Trent North is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament by David Williams, a member of the Labour Party.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Birmingham Northfield (UK Parliament constituency)</span> Parliamentary constituency in the United Kingdom, 1950 onwards

Birmingham Northfield is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2024 by Laurence Turner, a Labour politician. It represents the southernmost part of the city of Birmingham.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hackney South and Shoreditch (UK Parliament constituency)</span> Parliamentary constituency in the United Kingdom, 1974 onwards

Hackney South and Shoreditch is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2005 by Meg Hillier of Labour Co-op.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tottenham (UK Parliament constituency)</span> Parliamentary constituency in the United Kingdom, 1950 onwards

Tottenham is a constituency in Greater London represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom since 2000 by the current Foreign Secretary, David Lammy of the Labour Party. Lammy has also served as the Shadow Foreign Secretary from 2021 to 2024 in the Shadow Cabinet of Keir Starmer, in which he previously served as Shadow Secretary of State for Justice and Shadow Lord Chancellor from 2020 to 2021. Tottenham was re-created as a parliamentary constituency in 1950, having previously existed from 1885 to 1918.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hackney North (UK Parliament constituency)</span> Parliamentary constituency in the United Kingdom, 1885–1950

Hackney North was a parliamentary constituency in "The Metropolis". It returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

Clissold is a ward in the London Borough of Hackney. The name is derived from Clissold Crescent and the ward also borders Clissold Park in the neighbouring Lordship ward both of which form part of the Hackney North and Stoke Newington constituency. The ward has existed since the creation of the borough on 1 April 1965 and was first used in the 1964 elections. The boundaries of the ward from May 2014 are revised and will take in Clissold Park. Clissold has the highest percentage of residents cycling to work of all wards in London.

Springfield is a ward in the London Borough of Hackney occupying much of Upper Clapton and some of Stamford Hill; the ward is part of the Hackney North and Stoke Newington constituency. The name is derived from Springfield Park.

Dalston is a ward in the London Borough of Hackney. It roughly corresponds to the Dalston area of London. The ward has existed since the creation of the borough on 1 April 1965 and was first used in the 1964 elections. The boundaries of the ward from May 2014 are revised.

Hackney South was a parliamentary constituency in "The Metropolis". It was represented by nine Members of Parliament to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, only two of whom, Horatio Bottomley and Herbert Morrison, were elected more than once.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hackney Central (UK Parliament constituency)</span> Parliamentary constituency in the United Kingdom, 1955–1983

Hackney Central was a borough constituency in what was then the Metropolitan Borough of Hackney, in London. It returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2010 Hackney London Borough Council election</span> 2010 local election in England, UK

Elections for London Borough of Hackney Council were held on Thursday 6 May 2010. The whole council was up for election. Hackney is divided into 19 wards, each electing 3 councillors, so a total of 57 seats were up for election.

Hackney was a local government district within the metropolitan area of London, England from 1855 to 1894. It was formed by the Metropolis Management Act 1855 and was governed by the Hackney District Board of Works, which consisted of elected vestrymen. It was in the part of the county of Middlesex that was within the area of the Metropolitan Board of Works. In 1889 it became part of the County of London and the district board functioned as a local authority under the London County Council.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">West Hackney</span> Area of East London, England

West Hackney is a district in the London Borough of Hackney, situated on the eastern side of Ermine Street, the major Roman Road better known as the A10.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hackney, London</span> Human settlement in England

Hackney is a district in East London, England, forming around two-thirds of the area of the modern London Borough of Hackney, to which it gives its name. It is 4 miles (6.4 km) northeast of Charing Cross and includes part of the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park. Historically it was within the county of Middlesex.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2022 Hackney London Borough Council election</span> 2022 local election in Hackney

The 2022 Hackney London Borough Council election took place on 5 May 2022. All 57 members of Hackney London Borough Council were up for election. The elections took place alongside the election for the mayor of Hackney, local elections in the other London boroughs, and elections to local authorities across the United Kingdom.

References

  1. "The 2023 Review of Parliamentary Constituency Boundaries in England – Volume two: Constituency names, designations and composition – London". Boundary Commission for England. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
  2. "Local statistics - Office for National Statistics". neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 11 February 2003. Retrieved 14 February 2022.
  3. "Hackney Council Hackney". www.hackney.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 22 December 2007. Retrieved 22 April 2010.
  4. 1 2 "Area and Property Guide for E5 - Mouseprice". www.mouseprice.com. Archived from the original on 7 February 2015. Retrieved 3 January 2013.
  5. "Labour Members of Parliament 2015". UK Political.info. Archived from the original on 29 September 2018.
  6. "Revised estimates of leave vote in Westminster constituencies". Archived from the original on 15 March 2017. Retrieved 26 October 2016.
  7. LGBCE. "Hackney | LGBCE". www.lgbce.org.uk. Retrieved 21 December 2023.
  8. "The Parliamentary Constituencies Order 2023". Schedule 1 Part 3 London region.
  9. Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs – Constituencies beginning with "H" (part 1)
  10. "Statement of Person Nominated and Notice of Poll: Hackney North and Stoke Newington Constituency". Hackney Council. 7 June 2024.
  11. "Notional results for a UK general election on 12 December 2019". Rallings & Thrasher, Professor David Denver (Scotland), Nicholas Whyte (NI) for Sky News, PA, BBC News and ITV News. UK Parliament . Retrieved 11 July 2024.
  12. "Hackney North & Stoke Newington Parliamentary constituency". BBC News. BBC. Archived from the original on 3 April 2019. Retrieved 23 November 2019.
  13. "Hackney North Lib Dem Candidate". Hackney Citizen. Ed Sheridan. 24 November 2019. Archived from the original on 2 January 2020. Retrieved 25 November 2019.
  14. "Hackney North & Stoke Newington parliamentary constituency". BBC News. Archived from the original on 25 December 2017. Retrieved 21 June 2018.
  15. "Commons Briefing Paper 7979. General Election 2017: results and analysis" (PDF) (Second ed.). House of Commons Library. 29 January 2019 [7 April 2018]. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 November 2019.
  16. "Election Data 2015". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 17 October 2015. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
  17. "Hackney North & Stoke Newington parliamentary constituency - Election 2017". Archived from the original on 24 December 2017. Retrieved 21 June 2018 via www.bbc.co.uk.
  18. Statement of People Nominated Hackney Borough Council
  19. "Election 2010". BBC News. Archived from the original on 23 August 2017. Retrieved 7 May 2010.

51°34′N0°04′W / 51.56°N 0.07°W / 51.56; -0.07