Industrial and Mining Water Research Unit

Last updated
Industrial and Mining Water Research Unit
TypeResearch Entity
Established2011
Academic staff
6
Postgraduates 30+
Location,
26°11′35.14″S28°01′46.95″E / 26.1930944°S 28.0297083°E / -26.1930944; 28.0297083
CampusEast campus
Website IMWaRU webpage
Industrial and Mining Water Research Unit(IMWaRU).gif

The Industrial and Mining Water Research Unit (abbreviated IMWaRU) is one of several research entities based in the School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. It provides research as well as supervision to masters and doctorate students within the University, as well as consulting to industry.

Contents

Unit Structure

The unit deals with cross disciplinary water issues relating to industry and mining. [1] As such the group includes experts in chemical engineering, microbiology and other sciences.

The unit includes five NRF rated researchers and over 20 masters and doctoral level postgraduate students in the faculties of engineering and science.

Members

The group currently comprises 7 academics (alphabetically - Mogopoleng (Paul) Chego, Kevin Harding, [2] Michelle Low, [3] Craig Sheridan, [4] Geoffrey Simate, [5] Karl Rumbold [6] and Lizelle van Dyk), as well as several postgraduate students.

IMWaRU icon IMWaRU logo.jpg
IMWaRU icon

The logo of the Unit is in the shape of a drop of water, with the left half representing the blue of water.

The right half of the drop is modified to show grass and how water is linked to all life. Underneath the icon are the letters IMWaRU, while to the right, the name "Industrial and Mining Water Research Unit" appears.

Location

Richard Ward Building, to the right, home to the Industrial and Mining Water Research Unit. Wits Life 009.jpg
Richard Ward Building, to the right, home to the Industrial and Mining Water Research Unit.

The unit is housed in several buildings across the University, most notably in the Richard Ward Building on East campus. [7] Additionally, some members are located in the Biology Building on East Campus and have access to laboratories in that building.

They also have access to an outdoor facility on West Campus where constructed wetland, and other outdoor, experiments take place.

Research

2nd floor laboratories of the Richard Ward Building, upgraded in 2013 for use by IMWaRU and others. Richard Ward 2nd floor labs University of the Witwatersrand.jpg
2nd floor laboratories of the Richard Ward Building, upgraded in 2013 for use by IMWaRU and others.

The group has a broad range of research publications in the areas as listed below: [8]

Collaboration

The unit works closely with the Centre in Water and Research Development (CiWaRD), a cross disciplinary water research think tank.

Active collaborations include the Schools of Law, Chemistry, Civil and Mining Engineering and the Global Change Institute at the university, in addition to the Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research in Leipzig, Germany. They have also collaborated with the Universities of Cape Town, Geneva, Queensland and the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile.

IMWaRU has had several Technology Innovation Agency (TIA) projects run through Wits Enterprise.

The unit exhibited with several other groups at Mine Closure 2014. [50]

Presentations

Constructed wetland equipment used in research experiments by the group. IMWARU CW Rig2.jpeg
Constructed wetland equipment used in research experiments by the group.

Members of the group have had presentations given at:

Awards

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mining</span> Extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the Earth

Mining is the extraction of valuable geological materials and minerals from the surface of the Earth. Mining is required to obtain most materials that cannot be grown through agricultural processes, or feasibly created artificially in a laboratory or factory. Ores recovered by mining include metals, coal, oil shale, gemstones, limestone, chalk, dimension stone, rock salt, potash, gravel, and clay. The ore must be a rock or mineral that contains valuable constituent, can be extracted or mined and sold for profit. Mining in a wider sense includes extraction of any non-renewable resource such as petroleum, natural gas, or even water.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Open-pit mining</span> Surface mining technique

Open-pit mining, also known as open-cast or open-cut mining and in larger contexts mega-mining, is a surface mining technique that extracts rock or minerals from the earth using a pit, sometimes known as a borrow pit.

Thermal depolymerization (TDP) is the process of converting a polymer into a monomer or a mixture of monomers, by predominantly thermal means. It may be catalysed or un-catalysed and is distinct from other forms of depolymerisation which may rely on the use of chemicals or biological action. This process is associated with an increase in entropy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Seawater</span> Water from a sea or an ocean

Seawater, or sea water, is water from a sea or ocean. On average, seawater in the world's oceans has a salinity of about 3.5%. This means that every kilogram of seawater has approximately 35 grams (1.2 oz) of dissolved salts. The average density at the surface is 1.025 kg/L. Seawater is denser than both fresh water and pure water because the dissolved salts increase the mass by a larger proportion than the volume. The freezing point of seawater decreases as salt concentration increases. At typical salinity, it freezes at about −2 °C (28 °F). The coldest seawater still in the liquid state ever recorded was found in 2010, in a stream under an Antarctic glacier: the measured temperature was −2.6 °C (27.3 °F).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tailings</span> Materials left over from the separation of valuable minerals from ore

In mining, tailings or tails are the materials left over after the process of separating the valuable fraction from the uneconomic fraction (gangue) of an ore. Tailings are different from overburden, which is the waste rock or other material that overlies an ore or mineral body and is displaced during mining without being processed.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Life-cycle assessment</span> Methodology for assessing environmental impacts

Life cycle assessment (LCA), also known as life cycle analysis, is a methodology for assessing environmental impacts associated with all the stages of the life cycle of a commercial product, process, or service. For instance, in the case of a manufactured product, environmental impacts are assessed from raw material extraction and processing (cradle), through the product's manufacture, distribution and use, to the recycling or final disposal of the materials composing it (grave).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Acid mine drainage</span> Outflow of acidic water from metal or coal mines

Acid mine drainage, acid and metalliferous drainage (AMD), or acid rock drainage (ARD) is the outflow of acidic water from metal mines and coal mines.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gold mining</span> Process of extracting gold from the ground

Gold mining is the extraction of gold by mining.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mine reclamation</span> Process of restoring land that has been mined to a natural or usable state

Mine reclamation is the process of modifying land that has been mined to ecologically functional or economically usable state. Although the process of mine reclamation occurs once mining is completed, the planning of mine reclamation activities occurs prior to a mine being permitted or started. Mine reclamation creates useful landscapes that meet a variety of goals ranging from the restoration of productive ecosystems to the creation of industrial and municipal resources. In the United States, mine reclamation is a regular part of modern mining practices. Modern mine reclamation reduces the environmental effects of mining.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Biorefinery</span> Refinery that converts biomass to energy and other beneficial byproducts

A biorefinery is a refinery that converts biomass to energy and other beneficial byproducts. The International Energy Agency Bioenergy Task 42 defined biorefining as "the sustainable processing of biomass into a spectrum of bio-based products and bioenergy ". As refineries, biorefineries can provide multiple chemicals by fractioning an initial raw material (biomass) into multiple intermediates that can be further converted into value-added products. Each refining phase is also referred to as a "cascading phase". The use of biomass as feedstock can provide a benefit by reducing the impacts on the environment, as lower pollutants emissions and reduction in the emissions of hazard products. In addition, biorefineries are intended to achieve the following goals:

  1. Supply the current fuels and chemical building blocks
  2. Supply new building blocks for the production of novel materials with disruptive characteristics
  3. Creation of new jobs, including rural areas
  4. Valorization of waste
  5. Achieve the ultimate goal of reducing GHG emissions
<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bushveld Igneous Complex</span> Large early layered igneous intrusion

The Bushveld Igneous Complex (BIC) is the largest layered igneous intrusion within the Earth's crust. It has been tilted and eroded forming the outcrops around what appears to be the edge of a great geological basin: the Transvaal Basin. It is approximately two billion years old and is divided into four limbs: northern, eastern, southern and western. It comprises the Rustenburg Layered suite, the Lebowa Granites and the Rooiberg Felsics, that are overlain by the Karoo sediments. The site was first publicised around 1897 by Gustaaf Molengraaff who found the native South African tribes residing in and around the area.

Hydrogen gas is produced by several industrial methods. Nearly all of the world's current supply of hydrogen is created from fossil fuels. Most hydrogen is gray hydrogen made through steam methane reforming. In this process, hydrogen is produced from a chemical reaction between steam and methane, the main component of natural gas. Producing one tonne of hydrogen through this process emits 6.6–9.3 tonnes of carbon dioxide. When carbon capture and storage is used to remove a large fraction of these emissions, the product is known as blue hydrogen.

Design for the environment (DfE) is a design approach to reduce the overall human health and environmental impact of a product, process or service, where impacts are considered across its life cycle. Different software tools have been developed to assist designers in finding optimized products or processes/services. DfE is also the original name of a United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) program, created in 1992, that works to prevent pollution, and the risk pollution presents to humans and the environment. The program provides information regarding safer chemical formulations for cleaning and other products. EPA renamed its program "Safer Choice" in 2015.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hempcrete</span> Biocomposite material used for construction and insulation

Hempcrete or hemplime is biocomposite material, a mixture of hemp hurds (shives) and lime, sand, or pozzolans, which is used as a material for construction and insulation. It is marketed under names like Hempcrete, Canobiote, Canosmose, Isochanvre and IsoHemp. Hempcrete is easier to work with than traditional lime mixes and acts as an insulator and moisture regulator. It lacks the brittleness of concrete and consequently does not need expansion joints.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">International Mine Water Association</span>

The International Mine Water Association (IMWA) is the first scientific-technical association worldwide dedicated to mine water related topics. Its peer-reviewed journal is Mine Water and the Environment.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Environmental effects of mining</span> Environmental problems from uncontrolled mining

Environmental effects of mining can occur at local, regional, and global scales through direct and indirect mining practices. Mining can cause erosion, sinkholes, loss of biodiversity, or the contamination of soil, groundwater, and surface water by chemicals emitted from mining processes. These processes also affect the atmosphere through carbon emissions which contributes to climate change.

GoldSim is dynamic, probabilistic simulation software developed by GoldSim Technology Group. This general-purpose simulator is a hybrid of several simulation approaches, combining an extension of system dynamics with some aspects of discrete event simulation, and embedding the dynamic simulation engine within a Monte Carlo simulation framework.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mponeng Gold Mine</span> 4 km deep gold mine in Gauteng province near Johannesburg, South Africa. Worlds Deepest Mine.

Mponeng is an ultra-deep tabular gold mine in South Africa in the Witwatersrand Basin of the Gauteng Province. Previously know as Western Deep Levels No1 Shaft, the mine began operations in 1986. It is one of the most substantial gold mine mines in world in terms of production and magnitude, reaching over 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) below the surface. At this depth Mponeng takes the title of world's deepest mine from ground level, with aims to deepen the mine beyond 4km in order to reach more reserves. A trip from the surface to its deepest point takes over an hour, but the harsh conditions of the mine did not stop an Ecuadorian marathon runner from completing a half marathon within the mine. Mponeng comes with economic, environmental, societal, and seismic detrimental costs, but mining in South Africa has had a huge effect on the technologies of deep gold mining around the world, making South Africa a pioneering leader in gold-mining technologies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">University of the Witwatersrand School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering</span> School within University of the Witwatersrand

The School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering is one of seven schools in the University of the Witwatersrand's Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment. The School offers 4-year undergraduate degrees and post-graduate degrees in chemical and metallurgical engineering.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aluminum cycle</span>

Aluminum is the third most abundant element in the lithosphere at 82,000 ppm. It occurs in low levels, 0.9 ppm, in humans. Aluminum is known to be an ecotoxicant and expected to be a health risk to people. Global primary production (GPP) of aluminum was about 52 million tons in 2013 and remains one of the world's most important metals. It is used for infrastructure, vehicles, aviation, energy and more due to its lightweight, ductility, and cheap cost. Aluminum is harvested from gibbsite, boehmite, and diaspore which make up bauxite. The aluminum cycle is the biogeochemical cycle by which aluminum is moved through the environment by natural and anthropogenic processes. The biogeochemical cycle of aluminum is integral with silicon and phosphorus. For example, phosphates store aluminum that has been sedimented and aluminum is found in diatoms. Aluminum has been found to prevent growth in organisms by making phosphates less available. The humans/lithosphere ratio (B/L) is very low at 0.000011. This level shows that aluminum is more essential in the lithospheric cycle than in the biotic cycle.

References

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  9. Sheridan , C, 2013. The Toxic Legacy of South Africa’s Gold Rush Archived 2014-12-06 at the Wayback Machine , IChemE presentation, Mining and Minerals special interest group, retrieved 7 November 2014.
  10. Sheridan, C, 2013. Paying the Price Archived 2014-08-19 at the Wayback Machine , The Chemical Engineer, www.tcetoday.com, 30-32.
  11. Smith, Janet; Sheridan, Craig; van Dyk, Lizelle; Harding, Kevin G. (July 2022). "Critical evaluation of the chemical composition of acid mine drainage for the development of statistical correlations linking electrical conductivity with acid mine drainage concentrations". Environmental Advances. 8: 100241. doi: 10.1016/j.envadv.2022.100241 .
  12. Enwereuzoh, Uzochukwu; Harding, Kevin; Low, Michelle (May 2020). "Characterization of biodiesel produced from microalgae grown on fish farm wastewater". SN Applied Sciences. 2 (5): 970. doi: 10.1007/s42452-020-2770-8 .
  13. Enwereuzoh, Uzochukwu; Harding, Kevin; Low, Michelle (April 2021). "Microalgae cultivation using nutrients in fish farm effluent for biodiesel production". South African Journal of Chemical Engineering. 37: 46–52. doi: 10.1016/j.sajce.2021.03.007 .
  14. Grobler, J; Harding, KG; Smit, M; Ramchuran, S; Durand, P; Low, M (3 September 2021). "Biodiesel production potential of an indigenous South African microalga, Acutodesmus bajacalifornicus". Scientific African. 13: e00952. Bibcode:2021SciAf..1300952G. doi: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2021.e00952 .
  15. Okoro N.M., Harding K.G., Daramola M.O. (2020) Pyro-gasification of Invasive Plants to Syngas. In: Daramola M., Ayeni A. (eds) Valorization of Biomass to Value-Added Commodities. Green Energy and Technology. Springer, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38032-8_16
  16. Burman, Nicholas W.; Sheridan, Craig M.; Harding, Kevin G. (September 2020). "Feasibility assessment of the production of bioethanol from lignocellulosic biomass pretreated with acid mine drainage (AMD)". Renewable Energy. 157: 1148–1155. doi:10.1016/j.renene.2020.05.086. S2CID   219449810.
  17. Bonner, Ricky; Aylward, Lara; Kappelmeyer, Uwe; Sheridan, Craig (2017). "A comparison of three different residence time distribution modelling methodologies for horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands". Ecological Engineering. 99: 99–113. doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2016.11.024.
  18. Harding, K.G.; Harrison, S.T.L. (2016). "Generic flow sheet model for early inventory estimates of industrial microbial processes. I. Flowsheet development, microbial growth and product formation". South African Journal of Chemical Engineering. 22: 34–43. doi: 10.1016/J.SAJCE.2016.10.003 .
  19. Harding, K.G.; Harrison, S.T.L. (2016). "Generic flowsheet model for early inventory estimates of industrial microbial processes. II. Downstream processing". South African Journal of Chemical Engineering. 22: 23–33. doi: 10.1016/J.SAJCE.2016.10.002 .
  20. Harding, KG, 2014. LCA Studies at the University of the Witwatersrand, UNEP/SETAC Presentation, Pretoria, South Africa.
  21. Sebisto, T, Kharidzha, M, Harding KG, 2015. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Biodiesel, Chemical Technology, February 2015, 6-11, retrieved 23 March 2015.
  22. Harding, K; Dennis, J; von Blottnitz, H; Harrison, S (2007). "Environmental analysis of plastic production processes: Comparing petroleum-based polypropylene and polyethylene with biologically-based poly-β-hydroxybutyric acid using life cycle analysis". Journal of Biotechnology. 130 (1): 57–66. doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2007.02.012. PMID   17400318.
  23. Harding, K.G.; Dennis, J.S.; von Blottnitz, H.; Harrison, S.T.L. (2008). "A life-cycle comparison between inorganic and biological catalysis for the production of biodiesel". Journal of Cleaner Production. 16 (13): 1368–1378. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2007.07.003.
  24. Harding, K.G. (2013). "A technique for reporting Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) results". Ecological Indicators. 34: 1–6. doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2013.03.037.
  25. Maepa, Mpho; Bodunrin, Michael Oluwatosin; Burman, Nicholas W.; Croft, Joel; Engelbrecht, Shaun; Ladenika, A. O.; MacGregor, O. S.; Harding, Kevin G. (2017). "Review: life cycle assessments in Nigeria, Ghana, and Ivory Coast". The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment. 22 (7): 1159–1164. doi:10.1007/S11367-017-1292-0. S2CID   114885312.
  26. Harding, K.G.; Harrison, S.T.L. (August 2020). "Generic flowsheeting approach to obtain material and energy data for life-cycle assessment of cellulase production (submerged fermentation)". Bioresource Technology Reports. 11: 100549. doi:10.1016/j.biteb.2020.100549. S2CID   225200895.
  27. Harding, Kevin G.; Friedrich, Elena; Jordaan, Henry; le Roux, Betsie; Notten, Philippa; Russo, Valentina; Suppen-Reynaga, Nydia; van der Laan, Michael; Goga, Taahira (16 November 2020). "Status and prospects of life cycle assessments and carbon and water footprinting studies in South Africa". The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment. 26: 26–49. doi:10.1007/s11367-020-01839-0. hdl: 2263/80575 . S2CID   226960269.
  28. Mdhluli, Faith Tokologo; Harding, Kevin G. (December 2021). "Comparative life-cycle assessment of maize cobs, maize stover and wheat stalks for the production of electricity through gasification vs traditional coal power electricity in South Africa". Cleaner Environmental Systems. 3: 100046. doi: 10.1016/j.cesys.2021.100046 .
  29. Enwereuzoh, Uzochukwu O.; Harding, Kevin G.; Low, Michelle (29 July 2021). "Fish farm effluent as a nutrient source for algae biomass cultivation". South African Journal of Science. 117 (7/8). doi: 10.17159/sajs.2021/8694 .
  30. Harding, K.G.; Dennis, J.S.; Harrison, S.T.L. (July 2018). "Generic flowsheeting approach to generating first estimate material and energy balance data for Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Penicillin V production". Sustainable Production and Consumption. 15: 89–95. doi:10.1016/J.SPC.2018.05.004. S2CID   134260556.
  31. Ugwu, Samson Nnaemeka; Harding, Kevin; Enweremadu, Christopher Chintua (April 2022). "Comparative life cycle assessment of enhanced anaerobic digestion of agro-industrial waste for biogas production". Journal of Cleaner Production. 345: 131178. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.131178. S2CID   247241156.
  32. Qalase, Chule; Harding, Kevin G. (2022). "Eco-efficiency assessment of pork production through life-cycle assessment and product system value in South Africa". E3S Web of Conferences. 349: 13002. Bibcode:2022E3SWC.34913002Q. doi: 10.1051/e3sconf/202234913002 .
  33. Goga, Taahira; Harding, Kevin; Russo, Valentina; von Blottnitz, Harro (31 August 2022). "What material flow analysis and life cycle assessment reveal about plastic polymer production and recycling in South Africa". South African Journal of Science. 118 (Special issue: WaaR). doi: 10.17159/sajs.2022/12522 .
  34. Goga, Taahira; Harding, Kevin; Russo, Valentina; Von Blottnitz, Harro (31 January 2023). "A lifecycle-based evaluation of greenhouse gas emissions from the plastics industry in South Africa". South African Journal of Science. 119 (1/2). doi: 10.17159/sajs.2023/13842 .
  35. Sheridan, C, 2014. Water footprinting, UNEP/SETAC Presentation, Pretoria, South Africa.
  36. Dhlamini, S, Mkhonza, T, Haggard, E, Osman, A, Crundwell, F, Sheridan, C, Harding KG, 2013. An Introduction to Water Footprinting, Chemical Technology, Jan 2013, 29-33.
  37. Haggard, EL; Sheridan, CM; Harding, KG (2015). "Quantification of water usage at a South African platinum processing plant". Water SA. 41 (2): 279. doi: 10.4314/wsa.v41i2.14 .
  38. Ranchod, N; Sheridan, CM; Pint, N; Slatter, K; Harding, KG (2015). "Assessing the blue-water footprint of an opencast platinum mine in South Africa". Water SA. 41 (2): 287. doi: 10.4314/wsa.v41i2.15 .
  39. Osman, Ayesha; Crundwell, Frank; Harding, Kevin G; Sheridan, Craig M (2017). "Application of the water footprinting method and water accounting framework to a base metal refining process". Water SA. 43 (4): 722. doi: 10.4314/wsa.v43i4.18 .
  40. Harding, Kevin Graham (2019). "And now to confuse you! How is the public expected to understand water footprinting metrics?". Procedia Manufacturing. 35: 731–736. doi: 10.1016/J.PROMFG.2019.06.016 .
  41. Brink, A.; Sheridan, C.M; Harding, K.G. (April 2017). "The Fenton oxidation of biologically treated paper and pulp mill effluents: A performance and kinetic study". Process Safety and Environmental Protection. 107: 206–215. doi:10.1016/J.PSEP.2017.02.011.
  42. Brink, A.; Sheridan, C.M.; Harding, K.G. (2017). "A kinetic study of a mesophilic aerobic moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) treating paper and pulp mill effluents: The impact of phenols on biodegradation rates". Journal of Water Process Engineering. 19: 35–41. doi:10.1016/J.JWPE.2017.07.003.
  43. Mamathoni, Phathutshedzo; Harding, Kevin G. (May 2021). "Environmental performance of extended activated sludge and sequential batch reactor using life cycle assessment". Cleaner Environmental Systems. 2: 100039. doi: 10.1016/j.cesys.2021.100039 .
  44. Harding, K.G.; Gounden, T.; Pretorius, S. (2017). ""Biodegradable" Plastics: A Myth of Marketing?". Procedia Manufacturing. 7: 106–110. doi: 10.1016/j.promfg.2016.12.027 .
  45. Pfister, Stephan; Boulay, Anne-Marie; Berger, Markus; Hadjikakou, Michalis; Motoshita, Masaharu; Hess, Tim; Ridoutt, Brad; Weinzettel, Jan; Scherer, Laura; Döll, Petra; Manzardo, Alessandro; Núñez, Montserrat; Verones, Francesca; Humbert, Sebastien; Buxmann, Kurt; Harding, Kevin; Benini, Lorenzo; Oki, Taikan; Finkbeiner, Matthias; Henderson, Andrew (2017). "Understanding the LCA and ISO water footprint: A response to Hoekstra (2016) "A critique on the water-scarcity weighted water footprint in LCA"". Ecological Indicators. 72: 352–359. doi:10.1016/J.ECOLIND.2016.07.051. PMC   6192425 . PMID   30344449.
  46. Okoro, Nnanna-jnr M.; Ozonoh, Maxwell; Harding, Kevin G.; Oboirien, Bilianu O.; Daramola, Michael O. (28 January 2021). "Potentials of Torrefied Pine Sawdust as a Renewable Source of Fuel for Pyro-Gasification: Nigerian and South African Perspective". ACS Omega. 6 (5): 3508–3516. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04580 . PMC   7906487 . PMID   33644524.
  47. Okoro, Nnanna-jnr M.; Ikegwu, Ugochukwu M.; Harding, Kevin G.; Daramola, Michael O. (24 September 2021). "Evaluation of Fuel Quality of Invasive Alien Plants and Tropical Hardwoods as Potential Feedstock Materials for Pyro-Gasification". Waste and Biomass Valorization. 13 (2): 1293–1310. doi:10.1007/s12649-021-01572-1. hdl: 2263/93149 . S2CID   255768450.
  48. Chama, Chama; Harding, Kevin; Mulopo, Jean; Chego, Paul (2021). "A Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis Approach to Pallet Selection: Development of a Material-Of-Construction Evaluation Model". The South African Journal of Industrial Engineering. 32 (2). doi: 10.7166/32-3-2614 .
  49. Mbanjwa, Mesuli B.; Harding, Kevin; Gledhill, Irvy M. A. (30 April 2022). "Numerical Modelling of Mixing in a Microfluidic Droplet Using a Two-Phase Moving Frame of Reference Approach". Micromachines. 13 (5): 708. doi: 10.3390/mi13050708 . PMC   9144237 . PMID   35630175.
  50. Mine Closure 2014 Archived 2014-11-07 at the Wayback Machine , Exhibitors list, 9th International Conference on Mine Closure, 1–3 October 2014, Sandton Convention Centre Johannesburg, South Africa, retrieved 7 November 2014.
  51. Harding, KG, Mkhonsa, T, 2012. Current Water Accounting Methods for Mining Operations, South African Institution of Chemical Engineering Conference 2012, Champagne Sports Resort, South Africa, 16–19 September 2012.
  52. Dwarkapersad, U, Harding, KG, 2012. Life Cycle Assessment on Unilever’s Premium Soap Brands: Lux and Lifebuoy, South African Institution of Chemical Engineering Conference 2012, Champagne Sports Resort, South Africa, 16–19 September 2012.
  53. Gina, N, Gina, D, Harding, KG, 2012. Effective and Efficient Ozone Use on Cooling Water Systems, South African Institution of Chemical Engineering Conference 2012, Champagne Sports Resort, South Africa, 16–19 September 2012.
  54. Macingwane, M, Harding, KG, 2012. Life Cycle Assessment on a Food Manufacturing Facility, South African Institution of Chemical Engineering Conference 2012, Champagne Sports Resort, South Africa, 16–19 September 2012.
  55. Sheridan, G; Harding, K; Koller, E; De Pretto, A (2013). "A comparison of charcoal- and slag-based constructed wetlands for acid mine drainage remediation". Water SA. 39 (3). doi: 10.4314/wsa.v39i3.4 .
  56. Mavukwana, A, Jalama, K, Ntuli, F, Harding, K, 2013. Simulation of sugarcane bagasse gasification using Aspen Plus, International Conference on Energy, Nanotechnology and Environmental Sciences, International Conference Proceedings of Planetary Scientific Research Centre, Johannesburg, South Africa, 15–16 April 2013, p70-74.
  57. Mavukwana, A, Jalama, K, Harding, K, 2013. Simulation of South African corncob gasification with Aspen Plus: A sensitivity analysis, International Conference on Power Science and Engineering (ICPSE 2013), Paris, France, 20–12 December 2013.
  58. Osman, A, Crundwell, FK, Harding, K, Sheridan, C, Hines, K, Du Toit, A, 2013. Water Accountability and Efficiency at a Base Metals Refinery, Water in Mining 2013, Brisbane, Australia, 26–28 November 2013.
  59. Haggard, E, Sheridan, CM, Harding, KG, 2013. Water Footprint for a South African Platinum Mine, Water in Mining 2013, Brisbane, Australia, 26–28 November 2013.
  60. Ranchod, N, Sheridan, CM, Plint, N, Slater, K, Harding, KG, 2014. Assessing the Water Footprint and Associated Impacts for a South African Platinum Mining Operation, Water in Mining 2014, Viña del Mar, Chile, 28–30 May 2014.
  61. Sheridan, C, Brennan, M, Bye, A, Stange W, Woodley A, 2014. Determining the effect of Grade Engineering® on the water account of a copper mine Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine , Water in Mining, Viña del Mar, Chile, 28–30 May 2014.
  62. Sheridan, CM, Janet, JP, Drake, DC, Rumbold, K, Magowo, W, Harding KG, 2014. Increasing Pumping Depth in the Long-term Management of Acid Mine Drainage, WISA2014, Mbombela (Nelspruit), South Africa, 25–28 May 2014.
  63. Haggard, E, Sheridan, CM, Harding, KG, 2014. Water Footprint for a South African Platinum Processing Mine, WISA2014, Mbombela (Nelspruit), South Africa, 25–28 May 2014.
  64. Ranchod, N, Sheridan, CM, Plint, N, Slater, K, Harding, KG, 2014. Water Accounting for a South African Platinum Mine, WISA2014, Mbombela (Nelspruit), South Africa, 25–28 May 2014.
  65. Sheridan, C, Bonner, R, Bruyns, L, Burgess, J, Drake, D, Janet, JP, Harding, K, Rumbold, K, Saber, N, 2015. Conceptual Project on Eliminating Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) by Directed Pumping, ICARD, Santiago, Chile, 21–24 April 2015.
  66. Pena, C, Harding, KG, Sonneman, GW, Gemechu, ED, 2015. Material supply opportunity as a new perspective to address the "criticality" issue from a developing countries context: the case of Chile and South Africa, SETAC Europe 25th Annual Meeting, Barcelona, Spain, 3–7 May 2015
  67. Harding, KG, 2015. Why is measuring water important?, African Utility Week, Cape Town, South Africa, 13–14 May 2015.
  68. Alive2Green, 2015. Water Resource Seminar Speaker list, Sustainability Week 2015, CSIR ICC, Pretoria, South Africa, 23–25 June 2015.
  69. Govender, V, Harding, KG, 2015. Water footprint analysis of the South African (SA) paper and pulp industry, Life Cycle Management Conference (LCM2015), Bordeaux, France, 30 August – 2 September 2015
  70. Harding, KG, Basson, L, Brent, A, Friedrich, E, Janse van Rensburg, P, Mbohwa, C, Notten, P, Pineo, C, Ruiters, L-H, von Blottnitz, H, 2015. Status and prospects of life-cycle assessment in South Africa, Life Cycle Management Conference (LCM2015), Bordeaux, France, 30 August – 2 September 2015
  71. Harding, KG, Dheda, D, Sheridan, CM, McIntyre, N, 2015. Water accounting methods for platinum mines in South Africa , Life Cycle Management Conference (LCM2015), Bordeaux, France, 30 August – 2 September 2015
  72. Macingwane, M, Harding, KG, 2015. Life-cycle assessment on a starch facility in South Africa , Life Cycle Management Conference (LCM2015), Bordeaux, France, 30 August – 2 September 2015
  73. Harding, KG, 2015. Modelling & (cradle-to-grave) environmental optimisation of industrial processes, School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering 21st Anniversary Conference, 23 September 2015, Sturrock Park, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
  74. Osman, A, Crundwell, F, Harding KG, Sheridan, CM, Du Toit, A, 2016. Application of the Water Footprinting Method and Water Accounting Framework to a Base Metals Refining Process, WISA2016, Durban, South Africa, 15–19 May 2016.
  75. Harding, KG, Mofomate, BF, Selato, TR, 2016. Water footprint of a mixed use laboratory/office building at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, WISA2016, Durban, South Africa, 15–19 May 2016.
  76. Dheda, D, Sheridan, CM, Harding, KG, McIntyre, N, 2016. Quantification of water use in South African Platinum mines , WISA2016, Durban, South Africa, 15–19 May 2016.
  77. Chego, MP, Sheridan, CM, Harding, KG, 2016. Design of a bio-hydrogen reactor for wastewater purification, WISA2016, Durban, South Africa, 15–19 May 2016.
  78. Brink, A, Sheridan, CM, Harding, KG, 2016. Combined biological and advance oxidation process (AOP) for paper and pulp effluent treatment , WISA2016, Durban, South Africa, 15–19 May 2016.
  79. "A review of methods for the quantification of water use in South African mines". ResearchGate. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
  80. Harding, KG, Gouden, T, Pretorius, S-L, 2017. “Biodegradable” plastics: A myth of marketing?, International Conference on Sustainable Materials Processing and Manufacturing (SMPM 2017), Skukuza, Kruger National Park, South Africa, January 2017
  81. "Flow Sheet and Sensitivity Analyses for the Bio-Remediation of Acid Mine Drainage Using Sulfate Reducing Bacteria and South African Grasses". ResearchGate. Retrieved 11 July 2017.
  82. "Process design for the treatment of acid mine drainage utilising lignocellulosic material as the organic carbon source for dissimilatory sulfate reduction". ResearchGate. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
  83. Nhlapo, Mpumelelo; Mashego, Malebo; Low, Michelle; Ming, David; Harding, Kevin (2019). "Investigating the development of low-cost sanitary pads". Procedia Manufacturing. 35: 589–594. doi: 10.1016/j.promfg.2019.05.083 .
  84. CHMT Twitter account, 2014. GAP announcement, retrieved 16 December 2014.
  85. "Tamlyn Naidu has won the prestigious Institute of Materials". YouTube. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
  86. "2019 Young persons' world lecture competition". IOM3. Retrieved 7 May 2020.

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