List of reagent testing color charts

Last updated

It is advised to check the references for photos of reaction results. [1] Reagent testers might show the colour of the desired substance while not showing a different colour for a more dangerous additive. [2] For this reason it is essential to use multiple different tests to show all adulterants.

Contents

Folin's—Mandelin

SubstanceTypeA Folin's B Froehde Liebermann Mandelin
2C-B [1] Substance ?Yellow [3] Yellow > Black [4] No reaction
2C-E Substance ? ? ? ?
2C-I [1] Substance ? ? ?No reaction
2C-T-2 Substance ? ? ? ?
2C-T-7 Substance ?Violet and orange streaks [5]  ?Maroon to Black
4-MEC Substance ? ? ? ?
Acetaminophen Adulterant ?No reaction [3]  ?Moderate olive [6]
Alcohol Substance ? ? ? ?
Alkaloids Forms ? ? ? ?
Amines, and amino acids Forms ? ? ? ?
Amphetamine Substance ?Red ?Moderate bluish green [6]
Asbestos (talc)Adulterant ? ? ? ?
Aspirin Adulterant ?Grayish purple [6]  ?Grayish olive green [6]
Barbiturates Class ? ? ? ?
Benzocaine Adulterant ? ? ? ?
Benzodiazepines Class ? ? ? ?
Benzphetamine Substance ? ? ?Brilliant yellow green
Boric acid Adulterant ? ? ? ?
Brodifacoum (pesticide)Adulterant ? ? ? ?
Caffeine Substance ?No reaction ?No reaction
CBD Substance ? ? ? ?
Chloral hydrate Substance ? ? ? ?
Chloroquine Adulterant ? ? ? ?
Chlorpromazine Substance ?Very deep red [7] [6]  ?Dark olive
Cocaine Substance ?No reaction [3]  ?Deep orange yellow [6]
Codeine Substance ?Dark Green [7] [8] > Red/Brown [9] [6]  ?Dark olive [6]
Creatine Adulterant ? ? ? ?
Diacetylmorphine (Heroin)Substance ?Purple/red > to green [3]  ?Moderate reddish brown
Diltiazem Adulterant ? ? ? ?
Dimethoxy-meth Substance ? ? ?Dark olive brown
Dimethylterephthalate Adulterant ? ? ? ?
DMT Substance ? ? ? ?
DOM Substance ? ? ? ?
Doxepin Substance ?Deep reddish brown [7]  ?Very reddish brown
Dristan Substance ?Light bluish green [7] [6]  ?Greyish olive
DXM Substance ?No reaction ?White w/ green edges [10]
Fentanyl Substance ? ? ? ?
Formaldehyde Adulterant ? ? ? ?
GHB Substance ? ? ? ?
Hydrochlorides Forms ? ? ? ?
Hydroxyzine Adulterant ? ? ? ?
Indoles Forms ? ? ? ?
Isopropylbenzylamine Adulterant ? ? ? ?
Ketamine Substance ?No reaction [3]  ?Orange/brown
Levamisole Adulterant ? ? ? ?
Lidocaine Adulterant ? ? ? ?
LSD Substance ?Moderate yellow green [6]  ? ?
Mace Substance ?Light olive yellow [7] [6]  ?Moderate olive green [6]
Mannitol Adulterant ? ? ? ?
MDA Substance ?Greenish black [3] [7] [6]  ?Bluish black [11] [6]
MDEA Substance ?? ?Dark purple
MDMA Substance ?Black w/ hints of greenish brown [3]  ?Bluish black [11]
Mephedrone Substance ?No reaction ?No reaction
Mescaline Substance ?Green > to Blue [9] or Yellow [12]  ?Dark yellowish brown [6]
Methadone Substance ? ? ?Dark greyish blue
Methamphetamine Substance ?No reaction [5]  ?Dark yellowish green [6]
Methaqualone Substance ? ? ?Very orange yellow [6]
Methoxetamine Substance ?Yellow to green ?No reaction
Methylone [1] Substance ?Deep green [13]  ?Yellow
Methylphenidate Substance ?No reaction [7]  ?Brilliant orange yellow
Methylsulfonylmethane Adulterant ? ? ? ?
MXE Substance ? ? ? ?
Nutmeg Adulterant ? ? ? ?
Opiates Class ? ? ? ?
Synthetic opioids (gray death)Class ? ? ? ?
PCP Substance ? ? ? ?
Phenacetin Adulterant ? ? ? ?
Phytocannabinoids Class ? ? ? ?
PMA Substance ?n [3]  ?Green to brown
Primary amines Forms ? ? ? ?
Procaine Adulterant ? ? ?Deep orange [6]
Psilocybin Substance ? ? ? ?
Quinine Adulterant ? ? ?Deep greenish yellow [6]
Reducing sugars (sugar)AdulterantNo reactionWhite > light brownWhite w/ light purple edgesWhite > brown
Secondary amines Forms ? ? ? ?
Sodium bicarbonate Adulterant ? ? ? ?
Strychnine Adulterant ? ? ? ?
Sulfates Forms ? ? ? ?
Synthetic cannabinoids Class ? ? ? ?
THC Substance ? ? ? ?
Tocopheryl acetate Adulterant ? ? ? ?
Tramadol Substance ? ? ? ?

Marquis—Simon's

SubstanceType Marquis Mecke A Morris BA Simon's B
2C-B [1] SubstanceYellow to green [5] [3] Yellow/brown ?No reaction
2C-E Substance ? ? ? ?
2C-I [1] SubstanceYellow to greenDark brown ?No reaction
2C-T-2 Substance ? ? ? ?
2C-T-7 SubstanceApricotRed to purple ?No reaction
4-MEC SubstanceNo reaction [5] Light green ? ?
Acetaminophen Adulterant ? ? ? ?
Alcohol Substance ? ? ? ?
Alkaloids Forms ? ? ? ?
Amines, and amino acids Forms ? ? ? ?
Amphetamine SubstanceStrong reddish orange/Dark reddish brown [6] No reaction ?No reaction
Asbestos (talc)Adulterant ? ? ? ?
Aspirin AdulterantDeep red [6]  ? ? ?
Barbiturates Class ? ? ? ?
Benzocaine Adulterant ? ? ? ?
Benzodiazepines Class ? ? ? ?
Benzphetamine SubstanceDeep reddish brown [6]  ? ? ?
Boric acid Adulterant ? ? ? ?
Brodifacoum (pesticide)Adulterant ? ? ? ?
Caffeine SubstanceNo reactionNo reaction ?No reaction
CBD Substance ? ? ? ?
Chloral hydrate Substance ? ? ? ?
Chloroquine Adulterant ? ? ? ?
Chlorpromazine SubstanceDeep purplish red [6] Blackish red [6]  ? ?
Cocaine SubstanceNo reaction ? ? ?
Codeine SubstanceDeep purplish red [6] Very dark bluish green [6]  ? ?
Creatine Adulterant ? ? ? ?
Diacetylmorphine (Heroin)SubstanceDeep purplish red [6] Deep bluish green [6]  ? ?
Diltiazem Adulterant ? ? ? ?
Dimethoxy-meth SubstanceModerate oliveDark brown ? ?
Dimethylterephthalate Adulterant ? ? ? ?
DMT Substance ? ? ? ?
DOM Substance ? ? ? ?
Doxepin SubstanceBlackish red [6] Very dark red ? ?
Dristan SubstanceDark grayish red [6] Light olive brown [6]  ? ?
DXM SubstanceGrey with smokeYellow ?No reaction
Fentanyl Substance ? ? ? ?
Formaldehyde Adulterant ? ? ? ?
GHB Substance ? ? ? ?
Hydrochlorides Forms ? ? ? ?
Hydroxyzine Adulterant ? ? ? ?
Indoles Forms ? ? ? ?
Isopropylbenzylamine Adulterant ? ? ? ?
Ketamine SubstanceNo reactionNo reaction ?No reaction
Levamisole Adulterant ? ? ? ?
Lidocaine Adulterant ? ? ? ?
LSD SubstanceOlive black [6] Greenish black [6]  ? ?
Mace SubstanceModerate yellow [6] Dark grayish olive [6]  ?No reaction
Mannitol Adulterant ? ? ? ?
MDA SubstanceDark purple to black [3] [7] Very dark blue ?No reaction
MDEA SubstanceDark purpleDark purple ?Blue
MDMA SubstanceDark purple to black [3] Dark purple ?Blue
Mephedrone SubstanceNo reactionNo reaction ?No reaction
Mescaline SubstanceStrong orange [9] [6] Moderate olive [6]  ? ?
Methadone SubstanceLight yellowish pink [6]  ? ? ?
Methamphetamine SubstanceDeep reddish orange/Dark reddish brown [6] No reaction ?Blue
Methaqualone SubstanceNo reactionNo reaction ?No reaction
Methoxetamine SubstancePink (slow)Yellow > green > red ?Slow pink > red
Methylone [1] SubstanceBrownOrange/brown ?Blue
Methylphenidate SubstanceModerate orange yellow [6]  ? ?Pale violet
Methylsulfonylmethane Adulterant ? ? ? ?
MXE Substance ? ? ? ?
Nutmeg Adulterant ?Brownish Black [6]  ? ?
Opiates Class ?White > green > turquoise ? ?
Synthetic opioids (gray death)Class ? ? ? ?
PCP Substance ? ? ? ?
Phenacetin Adulterant ? ? ? ?
Phytocannabinoids Class ? ? ? ?
PMA SubstanceNo reactionNo reaction ?No reaction
Primary amines Forms ? ? ? ?
Procaine Adulterant ? ? ? ?
Psilocybin Substance ? ? ? ?
Quinine Adulterant ? ? ? ?
Reducing sugars (sugar)AdulterantWhite > light yellow > blackWhite > light yellow > black ?No reaction
Secondary amines Forms ? ? ? ?
Sodium bicarbonate Adulterant ? ? ? ?
Strychnine Adulterant ? ? ? ?
Sulfates Forms ? ? ? ?
Synthetic cannabinoids Class ? ? ? ?
THC Substance ? ? ? ?
Tocopheryl acetate Adulterant ? ? ? ?
Tramadol Substance ? ? ? ?

Custom reagents

SubstanceTypeReagent test
Alcohols Forms Lucas test in alcohols is a test to differentiate between primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols.
Alkaloids Forms Froehde
Liebermann
Mandelin
Marquis
Mayer's
Mecke
Simon's
Amines, and amino acids Forms Folin's
Barbiturates Class Dille–Koppanyi
Zwikker
Benzodiazepines Class Zimmermann
Phytocannabinoids Class Duquenois–Levine reagent
Cocaine Substance Scott
Hydrochlorides Forms Silver nitrate
Indoles Forms DMACA reagent
Ehrlich
Primary amines Forms Robadope
Reducing sugars (sugar)Adulterant Benedict's
Fehling's
Secondary amines Forms Simon's
Sulfates Forms Barium chloride
Synthetic cannabinoids ClassProprietary

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">DanceSafe</span>

DanceSafe is a Berkeley, California based nonprofit organization founded in 1998 by then 30 year old Emanuel Sferios. They have 17 local chapters in the US and Canada. DanceSafe youth volunteers set up tables at music festivals, raves, and other events to distribute non-biased educational literature focused on harm reduction for safe and responsible drug use, including testing kits so that users may obtain more information about the contents of their pills. They also offer on site peer counseling, health and safety tools and patrols for events that assist in keeping patrons safe.

Marquis reagent is used as a simple spot-test to presumptively identify alkaloids as well as other compounds. It is composed of a mixture of formaldehyde and concentrated sulfuric acid, which is dripped onto the substance being tested. The United States Department of Justice method for producing the reagent is the addition of 100 mL of concentrated (95–98%) sulfuric acid to 5 mL of 40% formaldehyde. Different compounds produce different color reactions. Methanol may be added to slow down the reaction process to allow better observation of the colour change.

A drug test is a technical analysis of a biological specimen, for example urine, hair, blood, breath, sweat, or oral fluid/saliva—to determine the presence or absence of specified parent drugs or their metabolites. Major applications of drug testing include detection of the presence of performance enhancing steroids in sport, employers and parole/probation officers screening for drugs prohibited by law and police officers testing for the presence and concentration of alcohol (ethanol) in the blood commonly referred to as BAC. BAC tests are typically administered via a breathalyzer while urinalysis is used for the vast majority of drug testing in sports and the workplace. Numerous other methods with varying degrees of accuracy, sensitivity, and detection periods exist.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">4-Fluoroamphetamine</span> Psychoactive research chemical

4-Fluoroamphetamine, also known as para-fluoroamphetamine (PFA) is a psychoactive research chemical of the phenethylamine and substituted amphetamine chemical classes. It produces stimulant and entactogenic effects. As a recreational drug, 4-FA is sometimes sold along with related compounds such as 2-fluoroamphetamine and 4-fluoromethamphetamine.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nimetazepam</span> Benzodiazepine medication

Nimetazepam is an intermediate-acting hypnotic drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. It was first synthesized by a team at Hoffmann-La Roche in 1964. It possesses powerful hypnotic, anxiolytic, sedative, and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. Nimetazepam is also a particularly potent anticonvulsant. It is marketed in 5 mg tablets known as Erimin, which is the brand name manufactured and marketed by the large Japanese corporation Sumitomo. Japan is the sole manufacturer of nimetazepam in the world. Outside of Japan, Erimin is available in much of East and Southeast Asia and was widely prescribed for the short-term treatment of severe insomnia in patients who have difficulty falling asleep or maintaining sleep. Sumitomo has ceased manufacturing Erimin since November 2015. It is still available as a generic drug or as Lavol.

Lacing or cutting, in drug culture, refer to the act of using a substance to adulterate substances independent of the reason. The resulting substance is laced or cut.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Reagent testing</span> Tests for authentication of psychoactive drugs, and detection of adulterants

Reagent testing is one of the processes used to identify substances contained within a pill, usually illicit substances. With the increased prevalence of drugs being available in their pure forms, the terms "drug checking" or "pill testing" may also be used, although these terms usually refer to testing with a wider variety of techniques covered by drug checking.

The Duquenois reagent used in the Rapid Modified Duquenois–Levine test, is an established screening test for the presence of cannabis. The test was initially developed in the 1930s by the French Medical Biochemist, Pierre Duquénois (1904–1986), and was adopted in the 1950s by the United Nations as the preferred test for cannabis, and originally claimed to be specific to cannabis.

Ehrlich's reagent or Ehrlich reagent is a reagent containing p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (DMAB) and thus can act as an indicator to presumptively identify indoles and urobilinogen. Several Ehrlich tests use the reagent in a medical test; some are drug tests and others contribute to diagnosis of various diseases or adverse drug reactions. It is named after Nobel Prize winner Paul Ehrlich who used it to distinguish typhoid from simple diarrhoea.

The Liebermann reagent named after Hungarian chemist Leo Liebermann (1852-1926) is used as a simple spot-test to presumptively identify alkaloids as well as other compounds. It is composed of a mixture of potassium nitrite and concentrated sulfuric acid. 1 g of potassium nitrite is used for every 10 mL of sulfuric acid. Potassium nitrite may also be substituted by sodium nitrite. It is used to test for cocaine, morphine, PMA and PMMA.

The Mecke reagent is used as a simple spot-test to presumptively identify alkaloids as well as other compounds. It is composed of a mixture of selenous acid and concentrated sulfuric acid, which is dripped onto the substance being tested.

The Mandelin reagent is used as a simple spot-test to presumptively identify alkaloids as well as other compounds. It is composed of a mixture of ammonium metavanadate and concentrated sulfuric acid. Its primary use is for the detection of ketamine and PMA Unlike the most common reagent test chemicals, it has a deep red colour that changes to yellow if there is no alkaloid, which occurs within about 48 hours of mixing.

Simon's reagent is used as a simple spot-test to presumptively identify alkaloids as well as other compounds. It reacts with secondary amines like MDMA and methamphetamine to give a blue solution.

The Froehde reagent is used as a simple spot-test to presumptively identify alkaloids, especially opioids, as well as other compounds. It is composed of a mixture of molybdic acid or a molybdate salt dissolved in hot, concentrated sulfuric acid, which is then dripped onto the substance being tested.

The Dille–Koppanyi reagent is used as a simple spot-test to presumptively identify barbiturates. It is composed of a mixture of two solutions. Part A is 0.1 g of cobalt(II) acetate dihydrate dissolved in 100 ml of methanol mixed with 0.2 ml of glacial acetic acid. Part B made up of is 5% isopropylamine (v/v) in methanol. Two drops of A are dropped onto the substance followed by one drop of B and any change in colour is observed.

The Zwikker reagent is used as a simple spot-test to presumptively identify barbiturates. It is composed of a mixture of two solutions. Part A is 0.5 g of copper (II) sulfate in 100 ml of distilled water. Part B consists of 5% pyridine (v/v) in chloroform. One drop of each is added to the substance to be tested and any change in colour is observed.

The Gallic acid reagent is used as a simple spot-test to presumptively identify drug precursor chemicals. It is composed of a mixture of gallic acid and concentrated sulfuric acid.

The Zimmermann reagent is used as a simple spot-test used in chromatography to presumptively identify alkaloids, especially benzodiazepines, as well as other compounds. It is therefore used in drugs testing.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chen-Kao reaction</span>

The Chen-Kao reaction is a chemical method for determining the presence of pseudoephedrine, ephedrine, and similar phenylalkylamines. The reaction is used in spot tests and is also known as Chen-Kao test. The test is often used to distinguish ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, norephedrine, cathinone and methcathinone from amphetamine and methamphetamine, which do not react with Chen’s test reagent.

Drug checking or pill testing is a way to reduce the harm from drug consumption by allowing users to find out the content and purity of substances that they intend to consume. This enables users to make safer choices: to avoid more dangerous substances, to use smaller quantities, and to avoid dangerous combinations.

References

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  2. Home pill testing doesn't show up PMA in a pill in YouTube.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 "Reagent Testing Instructions" . Retrieved 21 December 2016.
  4. "Reagent Testing Results App" . Retrieved 30 January 2024.
  5. 1 2 3 4 "Reagent Base Reaction database" . Retrieved 21 Dec 2016.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 O'Neal, C. L.; Crouch, D. J.; Fatah, A. A. (1 January 2013). "Validation of Twelve Chemical Spot Tests for the Detection of Drugs of Abuse*". Encyclopedia of Forensic Sciences (Second Edition): 380–387. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-382165-2.00321-4. ISBN   9780123821669 . Retrieved 11 January 2022.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Color Test Reagents/Kits for Preliminary Identification of Drugs of Abuse" (PDF). Law Enforcement and Corrections Standards and Testing Program. July 2000. Retrieved 2011-07-24.
  8. Kelly, Tamsin (2011). Clarke's Analysis of Drugs and Poisons. Vol. 44. pp. 213–214. doi:10.1080/00450618.2011.620006. ISBN   978-0-85369-711-4. S2CID   71790993.{{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  9. 1 2 3 "Controlled Substances Procedures Manual" (PDF). Virginia Department of Forensic Science. 2016. Retrieved 2017-01-02.
  10. "Mandelin test results for DXM, ibuprofen, sugar and modafinil". 2016-02-14. Retrieved 21 Dec 2016.
  11. 1 2 "Dancesafe Mandelin Reagent". Dancesafe. Retrieved 10 August 2015.
  12. Bunk Police. "Mescaline - Froehde Reagent - Normal Test Kit - Bunk Police". YouTube . Archived from the original on 2020-05-17.
  13. "Methylone - Froehde Reagent - Normal Test Kit - Bunk Police". Youtube. 18 Nov 2015. Archived from the original on 2021-12-13. Retrieved 21 Dec 2016.