Paul Dauenhauer

Last updated
Lanny & Charlotte Schmidt Professor

Paul J. Dauenhauer
Paul Dauenhauer photo2.jpg
"Paul Dauenhauer"
Born1980 (age 42–43)
United States
NationalityAmerican
Alma mater University of Wisconsin, Madison
University of Minnesota
Known for Catalytic resonance theory
Cellulose Chemistry
Renewable Chemicals
Programmable Catalysts
AwardsMacArthur Fellow (2020)
Rutherford Aris Award (2016)
Camille Dreyfus Teacher-Scholar (2014)
Scientific career
Fields Chemical Engineer, Catalysis
Institutions University of Minnesota
University of Massachusetts
Doctoral advisor Lanny Schmidt
External videos
Nuvola apps kaboodle.svg “An Ocean of Sustainable Carbon: A Future of Novel Materials from Biomass” “Beyond the Classroom: Process Chemistry”

Paul Dauenhauer (born 1980), a chemical engineer and MacArthur Fellow, is the Lanny & Charlotte Schmidt Professor at the University of Minnesota (UMN). He is recognized for his research in catalysis science and engineering, especially, his contributions to the understanding of the catalytic breakdown of cellulose to renewable chemicals, the invention of oleo-furan surfactants, and the development of catalytic resonance theory and programmable catalysts. [1]

Contents

Early life and education

Paul Dauenhauer was born in 1980 in Texas, US, and was raised in Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin, attending Lincoln High School. [2] He received his bachelor's degree in chemical engineering and chemistry at the University of Wisconsin, Madison in 2004. Working under the supervision of Lanny Schmidt at the University of Minnesota, Dauenhauer received his Ph.D. in chemical engineering in 2008 from the Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science. His dissertation described the development of reactive flash volatilization and was titled "Millisecond autothermal catalytic reforming of carbohydrates for synthetic fuels by reactive flash volatilization". [3]

Career

Following graduation from Minnesota, Dauenhauer served as a senior research engineer at the Dow Chemical Company in Midland, MI, and Freeport, TX. [4] He started as an assistant professor at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst in 2009 before promotion to associate professor in 2014. [5] In 2014, he moved to the Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science (CEMS) at the University of Minnesota, where he was promoted to professor, and then appointed Lanny Schmidt Honorary Professor in 2019. During this time, he co-founded or contributed to the founding of startup companies Activated Research Company, Sironix Renewables, and enVerde, LLC. [6]

Renewable chemicals

Dauenhauer's focus on renewable chemicals produced from glucose has targeted both drop-in replacement chemicals and new chemicals with novel characteristics. In 2012, he discovered a high yield pathway to synthesize p-xylene from glucose; this molecule is the key ingredient in polyethylene terephthalate plastic. [7] This process technology utilized a new class of weak acid zeolites that permits the manufacture of biorenewable polyester. [8]

In 2015, Dauenhauer and his team developed a new class of surfactants, detergents, and soaps that are derived from biomass (furans from sugars and fatty acids from triglycerides), oleo-furan sulfonates (OFS). [9] These molecules were shown to have high hard water stability (>1000 ppm Ca++) and are being commercialized by Sironix Renewables, Inc. [10]

In 2016, Dauenhauer and Abdelrahman developed the acid-catalyzed dehydra-decyclization mechanism that simultaneously opens cyclic ether rings and dehydrates to synthesize diene products. [11] This technology was subsequently used to optimize the catalytic production of isoprene, the key chemical in the production of car tires. Subsequent research identified pathways to similarly convert biomass-derived tetrahydrofuran to butadiene and 2-methyl-tetrahydrofuran to piperylene. [12]

Key publications include:

Cellulose Pyrolysis

Dauenhauer's study of cellulose in 2008 led to the discovery of an intermediate liquid state of short-chain cellulose oligomers of sub-second duration at temperatures around 500 deg C. [16] He further outlined the challenges in understanding high temperature cellulose chemistry by publishing his "Top Ten Challenges" of biomass pyrolysis in 2012, [17] one of which was based on his discovery of the mechanism of aerosol formation through liquid intermediate cellulose. [18]

Dauenhauer further developed a new reactor technique called 'PHASR' (Pulse-Heated Analysis of Solid Reactions) which led to the first isothermal kinetics of cellulose conversion and product formation. [19] This technique permitted a molecular analysis of cellulose activation and the discovery that cellulose has a unique reaction transition at 467 deg C. [20] The high temperature kinetic transition was attributed to the catalytic role of chain-to-chain cellulose hydroxyl groups in stabilizing the chain fragmentation of inter-monomer bonds. [21]

Key publications include:

Catalytic Resonance Theory

Oscillation of surface binding energy on a Sabatier volcano plot (red) at resonance conditions occurs at the tie line (purple) for maximum average reaction rate VolcanoResonance.jpg
Oscillation of surface binding energy on a Sabatier volcano plot (red) at resonance conditions occurs at the tie line (purple) for maximum average reaction rate

Catalytic resonance theory was proposed by Dauenhauer based on the Sabatier principle of catalysis developed by French chemist Paul Sabatier. Optimal catalyst performance is depicted as a 'volcano' peak using a descriptor of the chemical reaction defining different catalytic materials. Experimental evidence of the Sabatier principle was first demonstrated by Balandin in 1960. [24] [25] In his initial discovery of the behavior of oscillating chemical reactions on metal surfaces, Dauenhauer showed that steady state reaction rates could achieve chemical reaction speeds as much as 1000 times greater than previously achievable rates, even with optimized catalytic systems. [26] This work broke down surface chemical reactions into its component parts and associated natural frequencies, which could be matched to resonate with the catalytic surface frequencies. [27]

Follow-up work on catalytic resonance theory by Dauenhauer and his team broadened to understand the relationship between surface chemistry with its linear scaling relationships and the surface binding energy oscillation waveform. [28] He introduced the concept of superVolcanoes as a superposition of all possible Sabatier volcanoes for varying linear scaling parameters, before further connecting the behavior of oscillating catalytic surfaces to molecular machines and pumps.

Key publications include:

Advising and honors

External videos
Nuvola apps kaboodle.svg “Paul Dauenhauer, Chemical Engineering, 2020 MacArthur Fellow” "2019 ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering"

Professor Dauenhauer has supervised 20 Ph.D. students and advised ten post-doctoral scholars. [32] He has published over 90 peer-reviewed papers and 10 patents. [33] He has given over 50 invited seminars and lectures including the Eastman Lecture at the U of California (2021), Berkeley, the Notre Dame Thiele lecture in 2017, and the Purdue Mellichamp lecture in 2016. He has received numerous awards for his work including: [34]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Catalysis</span> Process of increasing the rate of a chemical reaction

Catalysis is the increase in rate of a chemical reaction due to an added substance known as a catalyst. Catalysts are not consumed by the reaction and remain unchanged after it. If the reaction is rapid and the catalyst recycles quickly, very small amounts of catalyst often suffice; mixing, surface area, and temperature are important factors in reaction rate. Catalysts generally react with one or more reactants to form intermediates that subsequently give the final reaction product, in the process of regenerating the catalyst.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cellulose</span> Polymer of glucose and structural component of cell wall of plants and green algae

Cellulose is an organic compound with the formula (C
6H
10O
5)
n, a polysaccharide consisting of a linear chain of several hundred to many thousands of β(1→4) linked D-glucose units. Cellulose is an important structural component of the primary cell wall of green plants, many forms of algae and the oomycetes. Some species of bacteria secrete it to form biofilms. Cellulose is the most abundant organic polymer on Earth. The cellulose content of cotton fiber is 90%, that of wood is 40–50%, and that of dried hemp is approximately 57%.

Furfural is an organic compound with the formula C4H3OCHO. It is a colorless liquid, although commercial samples are often brown. It has an aldehyde group attached to the 2-position of furan. It is a product of the dehydration of sugars, as occurs in a variety of agricultural byproducts, including corncobs, oat, wheat bran, and sawdust. The name furfural comes from the Latin word furfur, meaning bran, referring to its usual source. Furfural is only derived from dryed biomass, In addition to ethanol, acetic acid, and sugar, furfural is one of the oldest organic chemicals available readily purified from natural precursors.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lignocellulosic biomass</span>

Lignocellulose refers to plant dry matter (biomass), so called lignocellulosic biomass. It is the most abundantly available raw material on the Earth for the production of biofuels. It is composed of two kinds of carbohydrate polymers, cellulose and hemicellulose, and an aromatic-rich polymer called lignin. Any biomass rich in cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin are commonly referred to as lignocellulosic biomass. Each component has a distinct chemical behavior. Being a composite of three very different components makes the processing of lignocellulose challenging. The evolved resistance to degradation or even separation is referred to as recalcitrance. Overcoming this recalcitrance to produce useful, high value products requires a combination of heat, chemicals, enzymes, and microorganisms. These carbohydrate-containing polymers contain different sugar monomers and they are covalently bound to lignin.

γ-Valerolactone Chemical compound

γ-Valerolactone (GVL) or gamma-valerolactone is an organic compound with the formula C5H8O2. This colourless liquid is one of the more common lactones. GVL is chiral but is usually used as the racemate. It is readily obtained from cellulosic biomass and is a potential fuel and green solvent.

Reactive flash volatilization (RFV) is a chemical process that rapidly converts nonvolatile solids and liquids to volatile compounds by thermal decomposition for integration with catalytic chemistries.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lanny D. Schmidt</span> American physical chemist (1938–2020)

Lanny D. Schmidt was an American chemist, inventor, author, and Regents Professor of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science at the University of Minnesota. He is well known for his extensive work in surface science, detailed chemistry (microkinetics), chemical reaction engineering, catalysis, and renewable energy. He is also well known for mentoring over a hundred graduate students and his work on millisecond reactors and reactive flash volatilization.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2,5-Furandicarboxylic acid</span> Chemical compound

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Bioproducts or bio-based products are materials, chemicals and energy derived from renewable biological material.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">2-Methyltetrahydrofuran</span> Chemical compound

2-Methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF) is an organic compound with the molecular formula C5H10O. It is a highly flammable, mobile liquid. It is mainly used as a replacement for Tetrahydrofuran (THF) in specialized applications for its better performance, such as to obtain higher reaction temperatures, or easier separations (as, unlike THF, it is not miscible with water). It is derived from sugars via furfural and is occasionally touted as a biofuel.

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References

  1. ↑ "Paul Dauenhauer, Professor". University of Minnesota. Retrieved 2019-11-12.
  2. ↑ "ChemRxiv Profile - Paul J. Dauenhauer". ChemRxiv. 2019.
  3. ↑ Dauenhauer, Paul D. (2008). Millisecond autothermal catalytic reforming of carbohydrates for synthetic fuels by reactive flash volatilization (PhD). University of Minnesota.
  4. ↑ "CEMS Department Profile - Paul J. Dauenhauer". University of Minnesota. 2019.
  5. ↑ "UMass Amherst - Paul J. Dauenhauer". University of Massachusetts. 2019.
  6. ↑ "NTUA - Paul J. Dauenhauer" (PDF). National Technical University of Athens. 2019.
  7. ↑ "Chemical Engineering Team Produces Valuable Chemical p-xylene Production from Biomass". UMass Amherst. 2014.
  8. ↑ "UMass Amherst Chemical Engineers Lead Team that Boosts Valuable Chemical p-xylene Production from Biomass". UMass Amherst. 2016.
  9. ↑ "Researchers invent 'perfect' soap molecule that is better for the environment". AAAS, EurekaAlert. 2016.
  10. ↑ "Homepage - Sironix Renewables". Sironix Renewables. 2019.
  11. ↑ "New Eco-Friendly, Renewable Tires Stretch the Boundaries of Rubber Production". Newsweek. 2017.
  12. ↑ Abdelrahman, Omar A.; Park, Dae Sung; Vinter, Katherine P.; Spanjers, Charles S.; Ren, Limin; Cho, Hong Je; Vlachos, Dionisios G.; Fan, Wei; Tsapatsis, Michael; Dauenhauer, Paul J. (2017). "Biomass-Derived Butadiene by Dehydra-Decyclization of Tetrahydrofuran". ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. 5 (5): 3732–3736. doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b00745.
  13. ↑ Williams, C. Luke; Chang, Chun-Chih; Do, Phuong; Nikbin, Nima; Caratzoulas, Stavros; Vlachos, Dionisios G.; Lobo, Raul F.; Fan, Wei; Dauenhauer, Paul J. (2012). "Cycloaddition of Biomass-Derived Furans for Catalytic Production of Renewable p-Xylene". ACS Catalysis. 2 (6): 935–939. doi:10.1021/cs300011a.
  14. ↑ Park, D. S.; Joseph, K. E.; Koehle, M.; Krumm, C.; Ren, L.; Damen, J. N.; Shete, M. H.; Lee, H. S.; Zuo, X.; Lee, B.; Fan, W.; Vlachos, D. G.; Lobo, R. F.; Tsapatsis, M.; Dauenhauer, P. J. (2016). "Cycloaddition of Biomass-Derived Furans for Catalytic Production of Renewable p-Xylene". ACS Central Science. 2 (11): 820–824. doi: 10.1021/acscentsci.6b00208 . PMC   5126714 . PMID   27924310.
  15. ↑ Abdelrahman, Omar A.; Park, Dae Sung; Vinter, Katherine P.; Spanjers, Charles S.; Ren, Limin; Cho, Hong Je; Zhang, Kechun; Fan, Wei; Tsapatsis, Michael; Dauenhauer, Paul J. (2017). "Renewable Isoprene by Sequential Hydrogenation of Itaconic Acid and Dehydra-Decyclization of 3-Methyl-Tetrahydrofuran". ACS Catalysis. 7 (2): 1428–1431. doi:10.1021/acscatal.6b03335.
  16. ↑ Dauenhauer, Paul J.; Colby, Joshua L.; Balonek, Christine M.; Suszynski, Wieslaw J.; Schmidt, Lanny D. (2009). "Reactive boiling of cellulose for integrated catalysis through an intermediate liquid". Green Chemistry. Royal Society of Chemistry, Green Chemistry. 11 (10): 1555. doi:10.1039/B915068B.
  17. ↑ Mettler, Matthew S.; Vlachos, Dionisios G.; Dauenhauer, Paul J. (2012). "Top ten fundamental challenges of biomass pyrolysis for biofuels". Energy & Environmental Science. Royal Society of Chemistry, Energy & Environmental Science. 5 (7): 7797. doi:10.1039/C2EE21679E.
  18. ↑ Teixeira, Andrew R.; Mooney, Kyle G.; Kruger, Jacob S.; Williams, C. Luke; Suszynski, Wieslaw J.; Schmidt, Lanny D.; Schmidt, David P.; Dauenhauer, Paul J. (2011). "Aerosol generation by reactive boiling ejection of molten cellulose". Energy & Environmental Science. Royal Society of Chemistry, Energy & Environmental Science. 4 (10): 4306. doi:10.1039/C1EE01876K.
  19. ↑ Krumm, Christoph; Pfaendtner, Jim; Dauenhauer, Paul J. (2016). "Millisecond Pulsed Films Unify the Mechanisms of Cellulose Fragmentation". Chemistry of Materials. American Chemical Society. 28 (9): 3108–3114. doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b00580. OSTI   1865816.
  20. ↑ Zhu, Cheng; Krumm, Christoph; Facas, Gregory G.; Neurock, Matthew; Dauenhauer, Paul J. (2017). "Energetics of cellulose and cyclodextrin glycosidic bond cleavage". Reaction Chemistry & Engineering. Royal Society of Chemistry, Reaction Chemistry & Engineering. 2 (2): 201–214. doi:10.1039/C6RE00176A.
  21. ↑ Maliekkal, Vineet; Maduskar, Saurabh; Saxon, Derek J.; Nasiri, Mohammadreza; Reineke, Theresa M.; Neurock, Matthew; Dauenhauer, Paul (2019). "Activation of Cellulose via Cooperative Hydroxyl-Catalyzed Transglycosylation of Glycosidic Bonds". ACS Catalysis. American Chemical Society. 9 (3): 1943–1955. doi:10.1021/acscatal.8b04289. S2CID   104316348.
  22. ↑ Maliekkal, Vineet; Maduskar, Saurabh; Saxon, Derek J.; Nasiri, Mohammadreza; Reineke, Theresa M.; Neurock, Matthew; Dauenhauer, Paul (2019). "Activation of Cellulose via Cooperative Hydroxyl-Catalyzed Transglycosylation of Glycosidic Bonds". ACS Catalysis. 9 (3): 1943–1955. doi:10.1021/acscatal.8b04289. S2CID   104316348.
  23. ↑ Teixeira, Andrew R.; Mooney, Kyle G.; Kruger, Jacob S.; Williams, C. Luke; Suszynski, Wieslaw J.; Schmidt, Lanny D.; Schmidt, David P.; Dauenhauer, Paul J. (2011). "Aerosol generation by reactive boiling ejection of molten cellulose". Energy & Environmental Science. 4 (10): 4306–4321. doi:10.1039/C1EE01876K. S2CID   92987976.
  24. ↑ Helmut Knözinger; Karl Kochloefl (2005). "Heterogeneous Catalysis and Solid Catalysts". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley-VCH Verlag. doi:10.1002/14356007.a05_313. ISBN   3527306730.
  25. ↑ Balandin, A. (1969). "Modern State of the Multiplet Theor of Heterogeneous Catalysis1". Adv. Catal. Rel. Subj. Advances in Catalysis. 19: 1–210. doi:10.1016/S0360-0564(08)60029-2. ISBN   9780120078196.
  26. ↑ "Energy Researchers Break the Catalytic Speed Limit". University of Minnesota.
  27. ↑ "Energy Researchers Break the Catalytic Speed Limit". R&D World. 29 May 2019.
  28. ↑ Ardagh, M. Alexander; Birol, Turan; Zhang, Qi; Abdelrahman, Omar; Dauenhauer, Paul (2019). "Catalytic Resonance Theory: SuperVolcanoes, Catalytic Molecular Pumps, and Oscillatory Steady State". ChemRxiv. doi:10.26434/chemrxiv.8862677.v1.{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  29. ↑ Ardagh, Alex; Abdelrahman, Omar; Dauenhauer, Paul (2019). "Principles of Dynamic Heterogeneous Catalysis: Surface Resonance and Turnover Frequency Response". ACS Catalysis. 9 (8): 6929–6937. doi:10.1021/acscatal.9b01606. S2CID   182444068.
  30. ↑ Ardagh, Alex; Birol, Turon; Zhang, Qi; Abdelrahman, Omar; Dauenhauer, Paul (2019). "Catalytic Resonance Theory: superVolcanoes, catalytic molecular pumps, and oscillatory steady state". Catalysis Science & Technology. 9 (18): 5058–5076. doi:10.1039/C9CY01543D. S2CID   198929270.
  31. ↑ Ardagh, Alex; Shetty, Manish; Dauenhauer, Paul (2020). "Catalytic Resonance Theory: Parallel Reaction Pathway Control". Chemical Science. 11 (13): 3501–3510. doi: 10.1039/C9SC06140A . PMC   8152411 . PMID   34109022.
  32. ↑ "Dauenhauer Group - Alumni".
  33. ↑ "Dauenhauer Group - Publications".
  34. ↑ "Dauenhauer Group - Profile".
  35. ↑ "Minnesota Cup 2023". Star Tribune.
  36. ↑ "Holtz Lecture, JHU". JHU Holtz Lecture.
  37. ↑ "Marple-Schweitzer Lecture, NU". Northwestern University.
  38. ↑ "Blavatnik Awards for Young Scientists". Blavatnik Awards.
  39. ↑ "Herman Pines Award, 2021 Foundation". Chicago Catalysis Club. 26 April 2021.
  40. ↑ "Dourdeville Lecture - Brown University, 2021 Foundation". Brown University.
  41. ↑ "Paul Dauenhauer - MacArthur Foundation". www.macfound.org.
  42. ↑ "Dauenhauer awarded 2019 Stratis Sotirchos Lectureship Award".
  43. ↑ "Dauenhauer Receives COGS Outstanding Advisor Award".
  44. ↑ "Dauenhauer among winners of 2019 ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering Lectureship Awards".
  45. ↑ "Dauenhauer to Deliver the Thiele Lecture".
  46. ↑ "Dauenhauer Wins the Inaugural Rutherford Aris Award".
  47. ↑ "Dauenhauer selected as 2016 Mellichamp Lecturer".
  48. ↑ "Dauenhauer Receives Camille Dreyfus Teacher-Scholar Award | College of Engineering | UMass Amherst". engineering.umass.edu.
  49. ↑ "Dauenhauer Receives DuPont Young Professor Award | Chemical Engineering | UMass Amherst". che.umass.edu.
  50. ↑ "Dauenhauer receives NSF CAREER grant to study advanced process for biofuel production". Office of News & Media Relations | UMass Amherst.
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