Telecommunications in Turkey

Last updated
Communications of Turkey
Flag of Turkey.svg
Telephones main lines in use:16.5 million, 18th in world (2009), [1] 12.3 million (Q3 2020)
Telephones mobile cellular:62.8 million, 17th in world (2009), [1] 80 million (2018), [2] 82.2 million (Q3 2020)
Telephone system:
  • Urban Areas: both fiber-optic cable and digital microwave radio relay
  • Remote areas are reached by a domestic satellite system
International service:
  • Three submarine fiber-optic cables in the Mediterranean and Black Seas linking Turkey with Italy, Greece, Israel, Bulgaria, Romania, and Russia
  • Overland fiber-optic cables connecting Turkey to Greece, Bulgaria, and now also Syria and Iraq
  • 12 Intelsat earth stations, and 328 mobile satellite terminals in the Inmarsat and Eutelsat systems (2002)[ needs update ]
Country calling code:90
Radio broadcast stations:AM 1, FM 102, shortwave 1 (2014)
Radios:11.3 million (1997)[ needs update ]
Television broadcast stations:635 (plus 2,934 repeaters) (1995)[ needs update ]
Televisions:20.9 million (1997)[ needs update ]
Internet country code: .tr
Internet hosts:3.4 million (2010) [1]
Internet Service Providers ISPs:50 (2001)
Internet users:27.2 million (2009), [1] 46 million (2016), [3] 80.9 million (Q3 2020)

Telecommunications in Turkey provides information about television, radio, fixed and mobile telephones, and the Internet in Turkey.

Contents

Kucuk Camlica TV Radio Tower in Istanbul TV tower, Istanbul ( 1100239).jpg
Küçük Çamlıca TV Radio Tower in Istanbul

Telecommunications liberalisation

The telecommunications liberalisation process started in Turkey in 2004 after the creation of the Telecommunication Authority, and is still ongoing as of May 2013. Private sector companies operate in mobile telephony, long distance telephony and Internet access. There were 12.3 million (12.300.390) fixed phone lines, 82.2 million (82.795.432) mobile phone subscribers, and 80.9 million broadband subscribers (10.6 million xDSL, 3.8 million Fibre, 1.2 million Cable, 65 million Mobile) by Q3 2020. [4]

Telecommunications liberalisation in Turkey is progressing, but at a slow pace. The Telecommunication Authority (now renamed Bilgi İletişim ve Teknolojileri Kurumu or BTK), while technically an independent organization, is still controlled by the Ministry of Transport and Communications. [5]

While progress is being made (for example, local as well as long distance calls are now open to competition), the incumbent has so far managed in many areas to restrict access and protect its monopoly. For example, wholesale line rental is still not available to alternative operators, making it necessary for subscribers to pay two bills (one for line rental to the incumbent, and one to the chosen operator). The incumbent has so far managed to prevent any operator from connecting its own fiber optic cable at local loop unbundling exchanges, though it is technically required to allow this. Recently, the incumbent announced it is acquiring Invitel, one of only two other players in the inter-city capacity business, raising questions as to how the Turkish Competition Board will treat the acquisition.

The lack of progress by the BTK in ensuring a competitive playing field can be evidenced by the market share the incumbent still holds. In broadband, the incumbent's provider still occupies roughly 95% share of the market. The Governmental Audit Office of the President (T.C. Cumhurbaşkanlığı Devlet Denetleme Kurulu) issued a highly critical report of the BTK in February 2010, listing 115 findings to be addressed. For example, the report found #20 points out that the BTK has completed only 50% to 78% of its stated work plans in each of the years from 2005-2008. [6]

Alternative operators are rapidly growing, yet much progress needs to be made by the BTK to improve the competitive landscape.

Authorities

The political authority is Ministry of Transport, Maritime and Communication (Turkey) . But there are also two supreme councils; Radio and Television Supreme Council (abbreviated RTÜK) and Information and Communication Technologies Authority (abbreviated BTK). While internet and point to point telecommunication is controlled by BTK, radio and television broadcast is controlled by RTÜK.

Made in Turkey mobile devices

In January 2021 Daily Sabah reported that Samsung had started local manufacture a line of mobile phones in Turkey. Samsung is the leader of the Turkish mobile market with 40% market share. [7] Chinese firm Oppo released their first Made in Turkey smartphone in March 2021 with a retail price around $346. The phone has 64 GB storage, microSD support, 6.5" display and a MediaTek Helio P35 chipset. [8]

See also

Related Research Articles

Telecommunications in Burkina Faso include radio, television, fixed and mobile telephones, and the Internet.

Telecommunications in Pakistan describes the overall environment for the mobile telecommunications, telephone, and Internet markets in Pakistan.

Telecommunications in Peru include radio and television, fixed and mobile telephones, and the Internet.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Telecommunications in Singapore</span> Description of telecommunications in Singapore

The telecommunication infrastructure of Singapore spans the entire city-state. Its development level is high, with close accessibility to the infrastructure from nearly all inhabited parts of the island and for all of the population, with exceptions. Today, the country is considered an international telecommunications hub, an achievement that was driven by Singapore's view that high-quality telecommunications is one of the critical factors that support its economic growth.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Smartphone</span> Handheld mobile device

A smartphone is a mobile device that combines the functionality of a traditional mobile phone with advanced computing capabilities. It typically has a touchscreen interface, allowing users to access a wide range of applications and services, such as web browsing, email, and social media, as well as multimedia playback and streaming. Smartphones have built-in cameras, GPS navigation, and support for various communication methods, including voice calls, text messaging, and internet-based messaging apps.

Turkcell İletişim Hizmetleri A.Ş. is the leading mobile phone operator of Turkey, based in Istanbul. The company has 39,3 million subscribers as of September 2021. In 2015, the company's number of subscribers climbed to 68.9 million, in nine countries Largest shareholder is Turkey Wealth Fund with 26.2% ownership. It is one of the world's biggest companies list published by Fortune. Turkcell has also developed Yaani, a browser for mobile and desktop. Turkcell's general manager is Ali Taha Koç.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Türk Telekom</span> Turkish telecommunications company

Türk Telekom is a state-owned Turkish telecommunications company. Türk Telekom was separated from Turkish Post (PTT) in 1995.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mass media in Turkey</span> Overview of mass media in the Republic of Turkey

The mass media in Turkey includes a wide variety of domestic and foreign periodicals expressing disparate views, and domestic newspapers are extremely competitive. However, media ownership is concentrated in the hands of a few large private media groups which are typically part of wider conglomerates controlled by wealthy individuals, which limits the views that are presented. In addition, the companies are willing to use their influence to support their owners' wider business interests, including by trying to maintain friendly relations with the government. The media exert a strong influence on public opinion. Censorship in Turkey is also an issue, and in the 2000s Turkey has seen many journalists arrested and writers prosecuted. On Reporters Without Borders' Press Freedom Index it has fallen from being ranked around 100 in 2005 to around 150 in 2013.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mobile phone</span> Portable device to make telephone calls using a radio link

A mobile phone is a portable telephone that can make and receive calls over a radio frequency link while the user is moving within a telephone service area, as opposed to a fixed-location phone. The radio frequency link establishes a connection to the switching systems of a mobile phone operator, which provides access to the public switched telephone network (PSTN). Modern mobile telephone services use a cellular network architecture and therefore mobile telephones are called cellphones in North America. In addition to telephony, digital mobile phones support a variety of other services, such as text messaging, multimedia messaging, email, Internet access, short-range wireless communications, satellite access, business applications, payments, multimedia playback and streaming, digital photography, and video games. Mobile phones offering only basic capabilities are known as feature phones ; mobile phones which offer greatly advanced computing capabilities are referred to as smartphones.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mobile phone industry in China</span>

China's mobile phone industry or cell phone industry has high growth rate, raising its share on the global mobile phone market. During 2007, 600 million mobile phones were made in China which accounted for over 25 percent of the global production. China is the largest market in terms of mobile phone subscribers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Information and Communication Technologies Authority (Turkey)</span>

The Information and Communication Technologies Authority (ICTA), is a national telecommunications regulatory and inspection authority of Turkey. It was formerly known as the Telecommunications Authority.

This article covers the telephone services in Turkey.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gabile.com</span> Turkish website for the LGBT community

Gabile.com is a website managed from Istanbul which provides an online LGBT community by services such as dating, chatting and sexual advice. As of 2013, it was Turkey's largest gay dating portal and LGBT social network. The organization was founded in 1999. It allows profile creation on the website, online chat and gives away information and news related to LGBT events, alongside photos, personal writings made available to people with all different sexual orientations. In 2009, there were 225,000 registered users from Turkey using the website. Four different membership types or preference are available for people who utilize the service: users, contacts, clubs and escorts, The website is available in 4 different languages and covers topics related to different sexual orientations, including active gay, passive gay, AP gay, lesbian, bisexual male, bisexual female, transvestite, and transgender Many artists, including Seyhan Arman, have worked as a columnist for the website. The organization works in partnership with Shemaleturk.com, a website exclusive to gay and transgender people. On the radio channel Radyo Gabile, many celebrities including Sibel Tüzün, Yonca Evcimik, Zeynep, Aydın, and Vj Bülent, have participated as guests. Gabile is also the owner of a gay bar in Taksim Square called Club Otherway.

The mobile phone network operator industry in Pakistan is a growing industry. According to figures from the Pakistan Telecommunication Authority (PTA), there were 152 million mobile 'phone subscribers' in Pakistan in March 2019.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Halotel</span> Tanzanian mobile communications company

Viettel Tanzania Public Limited Company, trading as Halotel, is a mobile communications company, providing voice, messaging, data and communication services in Tanzania. It is owned by Viettel Global JSC which is the state-owned Investment Company from Vietnam investing in the Telecommunications market in several countries worldwide. It has invested up to $1 Billion into the Tanzania's telecommunications market. The Company was the first company in Tanzania allowed to lay its own fiber optic cable and has placed over 18,000 km of optic fiber, providing all 26 regions of Tanzania with telecommunication services.

TurkNet or by its legal name TurkNet İletişim Hizmetleri A.Ş. is a telecommunications company that offers internet access and telephone services to businesses and consumers in Turkey. As of end of September 2015, TurkNet was the fourth largest internet service provider in Turkey with 2.1% share of the internet service provider market, and 3.7% of the fixed-line telephone services market.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">TR-CERT</span>

TR-CERT is an organization within the Information and Communication Technologies Authority (ICTA) which is the national regulatory authority of the Turkish electronic communication sector. It is responsible for the analysis and risk mitigation of large-scale cyber threats and vulnerabilities, communicating information regarding malicious cyber activities or possible vulnerabilities to computer security incident response teams (CSIRT) and the public.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "CIA - The World Factbook". Cia.gov. Archived from the original on January 10, 2021. Retrieved 2012-11-05.
  2. "Number of mobile subscribers reaches 80 million in Turkey - Latest News". Hürriyet Daily News. Retrieved 2019-08-26.
  3. "Internet users by region and country, 2010-2016". ITU.
  4. BTK Market Report Q3 2020 Archived 2021-01-07 at the Wayback Machine
  5. BTK web site Archived 2010-07-24 at the Wayback Machine
  6. T.C. CUMHURBAŞKANLIĞI Devlet Denetleme Kurulu - Bilgi Teknolojileri ve İletişim Kurumunun 2006 - 2007 ve 2008 Yılları Faaliyet ve İşlemlerinin Denetlenmesi
  7. SABAH, DAILY (January 15, 2021). "Samsung's made-in-Turkey cellphones to enter markets next week". Daily Sabah.
  8. SABAH, DAILY (March 21, 2021). "1st made-in-Turkey Oppo smartphone on sale". Daily Sabah.