Vermes in the 10th edition of Systema Naturae

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In 1758, in the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, the Swedish scientist and taxonomist Carl Linnaeus described the class "Vermes" as: [1]

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Animals of slow motion, soft substance, able to increase their bulk and restore parts which have been destroyed, extremely tenacious of life, and the inhabitants of moist places. Many of them are without a distinct head, and most of them without feet. They are principally distinguished by their tentacles (or feelers). By the Ancients they were not improperly called imperfect animals, as being destitute of ears, nose, head, eyes and legs; and are therefore totally distinct from Insects.

Linnaean Characteristics [2]

The class Vermes, as Linnaeus conceived it, was a rather diverse and mismatched grouping of animals; basically it served as a wastebasket taxon for any invertebrate species that was not an arthropod. With the advent of the scientific understanding of evolution, it became clear that many of the animals in these groups were not in fact closely related, and so the class Vermes was dropped for several (at least 30) phyla.

Intestina

Gordius (horsehair worms)
The common earthworm was named Lumbricus terrestris in 1758. Regenwurm1.jpg
The common earthworm was named Lumbricus terrestris in 1758.
Furia
Lumbricus (earthworms)
Ascaris (giant intestinal roundworms)
Fasciola (liver flukes)
The sheep liver fluke was named Fasciola hepatica in 1758. Fasciola hepatica.JPG
The sheep liver fluke was named Fasciola hepatica in 1758.
Hirudo (leeches)
Myxine (hagfishes)
Teredo (shipworms)

Mollusca

The black slug was named Limax ater in 1758. Black Slug.jpg
The black slug was named Limax ater in 1758.
Limax (terrestrial slugs)
Doris (dorid nudibranchs)
Tethys (tethydid sea slugs)
The beadlet anemone was named Priapus equinus in 1758. Actinia equina (Boulogne-sur-Mer).jpg
The beadlet anemone was named Priapus equinus in 1758.
Nereis (polychaete worms)
Aphrodita (Sea mice)
Lernaea (anchor worms)
Priapus (priapulid worms & anemones)
Scyllaea (scyllaeid sea slugs)
Holothuria (salps & Man o' Wars)
Triton (triton snails)
The common cuttlefish was named Sepia officinalis in 1758. Kalamar.jpg
The common cuttlefish was named Sepia officinalis in 1758.
Sepia (octopuses, squid, & cuttlefish)
The moon jellyfish was named Medusa aurita in 1758. Moon jellyfish at Gota Sagher.JPG
The moon jellyfish was named Medusa aurita in 1758.
Medusa (jellyfish)
The horned sea star was named Asterias nodosa in 1758. Protoreaster nodosus 1.jpg
The horned sea star was named Asterias nodosa in 1758.
Asterias (starfish) [14]
The black sea urchin was named Echinus lixula in 1758. Morski-jez-Echinus.jpg
The black sea urchin was named Echinus lixula in 1758.
Echinus (sea urchins & sand dollars)

Testacea

Chiton (chitons)
Barnea candida was named Pholas candidus in 1758. Barnea candida-Nl2.jpg
Barnea candida was named Pholas candidus in 1758.
Lepas (barnacles)
The common softshell was named Myes arenaria in 1758. Mya arenaria.jpg
The common softshell was named Myes arenaria in 1758.
Pholas (piddocks & angelwings)
Mya (soft-shell clams)
The pod razor was named Solen siliqua in 1758. Ensis siliqua-V.jpg
The pod razor was named Solen siliqua in 1758.
Solen (razor clams)
The Baltic tellin was named Tellina balthica in 1758. Macoma balthica (habitus).jpg
The Baltic tellin was named Tellina balthica in 1758.
Tellina (tellins)
The common cockle was named Cardium edule in 1758. Coques.jpg
The common cockle was named Cardium edule in 1758.
Cardium (cockles)
Donax (wedge shells)
The hard clam was named Venus mercenaria in 1758. LittleNeck clams USDA96c1862.jpg
The hard clam was named Venus mercenaria in 1758.
The warty venus was named Venus verrucosa in 1758. Venus verrucosa.jpg
The warty venus was named Venus verrucosa in 1758.
Venus (Venus clams)
Spondylus (thorny oysters)
Chama (jewel box shells)
Arca (ark clams)
The edible oyster was named Ostrea edulis in 1758. Ostrea edulis.jpg
The edible oyster was named Ostrea edulis in 1758.
Ostrea (true oysters)
The blue mussel was named Mytilus edulis in 1758. Miesmuscheln Mytilus 1.jpg
The blue mussel was named Mytilus edulis in 1758.
Anomia (saddle oysters)
Mytilus – (Mussels including marine and freshwater mussels)
The chambered nautilus was named Nautilus pompilius in 1758. Nautilus-JB-01.jpg
The chambered nautilus was named Nautilus pompilius in 1758.
Pinna (pen shells)
Argonauta (paper nautiluses)
The marbled cone was named Conus marmoreus in 1758. Conusmarmoreus.jpg
The marbled cone was named Conus marmoreus in 1758.
Nautilus (Nautiluses)
The Glory-of-the-Atlantic cone was named Conus granulatus in 1758. WLA hmns Conus granulatus.jpg
The Glory-of-the-Atlantic cone was named Conus granulatus in 1758.
Conus (Cone Snails)
The Arabian cowry was named Cypraea arabica in 1758. Arabian Cowry2.jpg
The Arabian cowry was named Cypraea arabica in 1758.
The gnawed cowry was named Cypraea erosa in 1758. Cypraea erosa.jpg
The gnawed cowry was named Cypraea erosa in 1758.
The tiger cowry was named Cypraea tigris in 1758. Cypraea tigris 1.jpg
The tiger cowry was named Cypraea tigris in 1758.
Cypraea (Cowries)
Bulla (bubble shells)
Mitra paupercula was named Voluta paupercula in 1758. Mitra paupercula 002.jpg
Mitra paupercula was named Voluta paupercula in 1758.
Voluta (volutes)
The dog whelk was named Buccinum lapillus in 1758. Nucella lapillus Nordische Purpurschnecke.jpg
The dog whelk was named Buccinum lapillus in 1758.
The common whelk was named Buccinum undatum in 1758. Buccinum undatum.jpg
The common whelk was named Buccinum undatum in 1758.
Buccinum (true whelks)
The pelican's foot was named Strombus pes pelecani in 1758. Aporrhais pespelecani 8.jpg
The pelican's foot was named Strombus pes pelecani in 1758.
Strombus (true conchs)
The banded dye murex was named Murex trunculus in 1758. Musle (2).jpg
The banded dye murex was named Murex trunculus in 1758.
Murex (Murex Snails)
Trochus (top snails)
The great green turban was named Turbo marmoratus in 1758. Turbo Marmoratus Madagascar.jpg
The great green turban was named Turbo marmoratus in 1758.
The West Indian top shell was named Turbo pica in 1758. Cittarium pica 001.jpg
The West Indian top shell was named Turbo pica in 1758.
Turbo (turban snails)
The Roman snail was named Helix pomatia in 1758. Helix pomatia 89a.jpg
The Roman snail was named Helix pomatia in 1758.
The common purple snail was named Helix janthina in 1758. Janthina.jpg
The common purple snail was named Helix janthina in 1758.
The great pond snail was named Helix stagnalis in 1758. Water snail Rex 2.jpg
The great pond snail was named Helix stagnalis in 1758.
Helix (land snails)
The blotched nerite was named Nerita albicilla in 1758. Amaobune0906.jpg
The blotched nerite was named Nerita albicilla in 1758.
Shell & opercula of Nerita peloronta Nerita peloronta Linnaeus, 1758 000.jpg
Shell & opercula of Nerita peloronta
Nerita (nerites)
The virgin paua was named Haliotis marmorata in 1758. Haliotis virginea shell 2.jpg
The virgin paua was named Haliotis marmorata in 1758.
Haliotis (abalones)
The brachiopod Lingula anatina was named Patella unguis in 1758. LingulaanatinaAA.JPG
The brachiopod Lingula anatina was named Patella unguis in 1758.
The blue-rayed limpet was named Patella pellucida in 1758. Ansates pellucida 001.jpg
The blue-rayed limpet was named Patella pellucida in 1758.
Patella (true limpets & brachiopods)
Dentalium (tusk shells)
Serpula (serpulid worms)

Lithophyta

Tubipora (organ pipe corals)
The organ pipe coral was named Tubipora musica in 1758. Tubipora02.jpg
The organ pipe coral was named Tubipora musica in 1758.
Millepora (Fire corals)
Madrepora (stone corals)

Zoophyta

Isis (soft corals)
Gorgonia (sea fans)
Alcyonium (soft corals)
Tubularia (Tubularia)
Eschara (Bryozoa)
Corallina (coralline algae)
Sertularia (Bryozoa)
Hydra
Pennatula (sea pens)
The chlorophyte Volvox was included among the animals in the 1758 Systema Naturae as two species: Volvox globator & Volvox chaos Alga volvox.png
The chlorophyte Volvox was included among the animals in the 1758 Systema Naturae as two species: Volvox globator & Volvox chaos
Taenia (tapeworms)
Volvox

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10th edition of <i>Systema Naturae</i> Book by Carl Linnaeus

The 10th edition of Systema Naturae is a book written by Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus and published in two volumes in 1758 and 1759, which marks the starting point of zoological nomenclature. In it, Linnaeus introduced binomial nomenclature for animals, something he had already done for plants in his 1753 publication of Species Plantarum.

References

  1. ↑ Carl von Linné, translated by William Turton (1806). Volume 4: Worms. A general system of nature: through the three grand kingdoms of animals, vegetables, and minerals, systematically divided into their several classes, orders, genera, species, and varieties. London: Lackington, Allen, and Co.
  2. ↑ Carl von Linné, translated by William Turton (1806). Volume 1. A general system of nature: through the three grand kingdoms of animals, vegetables, and minerals, systematically divided into their several classes, orders, genera, species, and varieties. London: Lackington, Allen, and Co.
  3. ↑ "Gordius aquaticus" at the Encyclopedia of Life
  4. ↑ F. E. G. Cox (2002). "History of Human Parasitology". Clinical Microbiology Reviews . 15 (4): 595–612. doi:10.1128/CMR.15.4.595-612.2002. PMC   126866 . PMID   12364371.
  5. ↑ Arthur de Capell Brooke (1827). "On the Furia infernalis". Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal . 3: 39–43.
  6. ↑ "Erpobdella octoculata (Linnaeus 1758)". Fauna Europaea . Archived from the original on June 4, 2011. Retrieved January 11, 2011.
  7. ↑ Martin Lindsey Christoffersen (2009). "A catalogue of Helobdella (Annelida, Clitellata, Hirudinea, Glossiphoniidae), with a summary of leech diversity, from South America" (PDF). Neotropical Biology and Conservation . 4 (2): 89–98. doi: 10.4013/nbc.2009.42.04 .
  8. 1 2 [ permanent dead link ]
  9. ↑ WoRMS (2010). "Pontobdella muricata (Linnaeus, 1758)". World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved January 11, 2011.
  10. 1 2 3 G. Boxshall (2010). T. C. Walter & G. Boxshall (ed.). "Lernaea Linnaeus, 1758". World Copepoda database. World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved October 4, 2010.
  11. ↑ P. Bouchet (2010). "Sepia octopodia Linnaeus, 1758". World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved January 11, 2011.
  12. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-03-04. Retrieved 2010-12-19.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  13. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved December 19, 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  14. ↑ C. Mah & H. Hansson (2010). C. L. Mah (ed.). "Asterias Linnaeus, 1758". World Asteroidea database. World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved January 11, 2011.
  15. ↑ Carl August Nilsson-Cantell (1978). Cirripedia Thoracica and Acrothoracica. Issue 5 of Marine Invertebrates of Scandinavia. Universitetsforlag. p. 57. ISBN   978-82-00-01670-0.
  16. ↑ Dora P. Henry & Patsy A. McLaughlin (1986). "The Recent species of Megabalanus (Cirripedia: Balanomorpha) with special emphasis on Balanus tintinnabulum (Linnaeus) sensu lato" (PDF). Zoologische Verhandelingen . 235: 1–69, figs. 1–14.
  17. ↑ Michael G. Frick & Arnold Ross (2001). "Will the real Chelonibia testudinaria please come forward: an appeal". Marine Turtle Newsletter. 94: 16–17.
  18. ↑ T. Y. Leung & D. S. Jones (2000). "Barnacles (Cirripedia: Thoracia) from epibenthis substrata in the shallow offshore waters of Hong Kong". In Brian Morton (ed.). The marine flora and fauna of Hong Kong and Southern China V. Hong Kong University Press. pp. 105–127. ISBN   978-962-209-525-0.
  19. ↑ WoRMS (2010). "Lepas anatifera Linnaeus, 1758". World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved August 30, 2010.
  20. ↑ Guiry, M.D.; Guiry, G.M. "Volvox globator". AlgaeBase . World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway.
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