Acoelorraphe

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Acoelorraphe
Paurotispalmfruit.JPG
Stand of fruiting specimens
Status TNC G4.svg
Apparently Secure  (NatureServe) [1]
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Arecales
Family: Arecaceae
Subfamily: Coryphoideae
Tribe: Trachycarpeae
Genus: Acoelorraphe
H.Wendl. [2]
Species:
A. wrightii
Binomial name
Acoelorraphe wrightii
(Griseb. & H.Wendl.) H.Wendl. ex Becc.
Synonyms [3]

Of the genus: [4] [5]

  • AcanthosabalProsch.
  • Acoelorhaphe, orth. var.
  • Acoelorrhaphe, orth. var.
  • PaurotisO.F.Cook

Of the species: [6]

  • Acanthosabal caespitosaProsch.
  • Acoelorraphe arborescens(Sarg.) Becc.
  • Acoelorraphe pinetorumBartlett
  • Acoelorraphe wrightii var. novogeronensisBecc.
  • Brahea psilocalyxBurret
  • Copernicia wrightiiGriseb. & H.Wendl.
  • Paurotis androsanaO.F.Cook
  • Paurotis arborescens(Sarg.) O.F.Cook
  • Paurotis psilocalyx(Burret) Lundell
  • Paurotis schippiiBurret
  • Paurotis wrightii(Griseb. & H.Wendl.) Britton
  • Serenoa arborescensSarg.

Acoelorraphe is a genus of palms with a single species Acoelorraphe wrightii, known as the Paurotis palm, Everglades palm or Madeira palm in English [3] [7] [8] [9] and cubas, tique, and papta in Spanish. [10] The genus name is sometimes spelt as Acoelorrhaphe or Acoelorhaphe, which are treated by orthographical variants by the International Plant Names Index. [5]

Contents

Description

It is a small to moderately tall palm that grows in clusters to 5–7 metres (16–23 ft), rarely 9 m (30 ft) tall, with slender stems less than 15 centimetres (5.9 in) diameter. The leaves are palmate (fan-shaped), with segments joined to each other for about half of their length, and are 1–2 m (3.3–6.6 ft) wide, light-green above, and silver underneath. The leaf petiole is 1–1.2 m (3.3–3.9 ft) long, and has orange, curved, sharp teeth along the edges. The flowers are minute, inconspicuous and greenish, with 6 stamens. The trunk is covered with fibrous matting. The fruit is pea-sized, starting orange and turning to black at maturity. [11] [12]

Taxonomy

The genus name is a combination of three Greek words meaning a- 'without', koilos 'hollow', and rhaphis 'needle', an allusion to the form of the fruit. The species is named after the American botanist Charles Wright. [13]

Distribution and habitat

It is native to Central America, southeastern Mexico, the Caribbean, Colombia, the Bahamas, and extreme southern Florida where it grows close to sea level in thin, rocky soil over limestone in wet areas and swamps of the Everglades. [11]

Cultivation and uses

Cultivated specimen in a greenhouse at Missouri Botanical Garden Aceolorraphe wrightii 1.jpg
Cultivated specimen in a greenhouse at Missouri Botanical Garden

The Paurotis palm was formerly plentiful in the Florida Everglades, but many plants were taken for the nursery trade. The palm is now protected in the wild by Florida law and its numbers are increasing again. Trees propagated from seed or by sawing apart the base of a cluster are available in nurseries. It is hardy to central and southern Florida and is cultivated as a landscape palm. [14]

Related Research Articles

<i>Rhapidophyllum</i> Genus of palms

Rhapidophyllum hystrix, the needle palm, is a palm native to coastal margins of the subtropical eastern Gulf and south Atlantic states of the United States. Populations can be found from coastal southeast South Carolina, southward to Florida and west across the coastal plain of Mississippi and southern Alabama. It is one of the most cold-hardy palms in the world, and can be found growing in several areas with warm temperate climates.

<i>Bactris</i> Genus of palms

Bactris is a genus of spiny palms which are native to Mexico, South and Central America and the Caribbean. Most species are small trees about 2 m tall, but some are large trees while others are shrubs with subterranean stems. They have simple or pinnately compound leaves and yellow, orange, red or purple-black fruit. The genus is most closely related to several other spiny palms—Acrocomia, Aiphanes, Astrocaryum and Desmoncus. The fruit of several species is edible, most notably B. gasipaes, while others are used medicinally or for construction.

<i>Nannorrhops</i> Species of plant

Nannorrhops ritchiana, the Mazari palm, is the sole species in the genus Nannorrhops in the palm family Arecaceae.

<i>Chamaedorea</i> Genus of palms

Chamaedorea is a genus of 107 species of palms, native to subtropical and tropical regions of the Americas. They are small palms, growing to 0.3–6 m tall with slender, cane-like stems, growing in the understory in rainforests, and often spreading by means of underground runners, forming clonal colonies. The leaves are pinnate, with one to numerous leaflets. The flowers are produced in inflorescences; they are dioecious, with male and female flowers on separate plants. The fruit is an orange or red drupe 0.5–2 cm diameter. Perhaps the best-known species is Chamaedorea elegans from Mexico and Guatemala. It is popular as a houseplant, particularly in Victorian houses. Another well-known species is Chamaedorea seifrizii, the bamboo palm or reed palm.

<i>Archontophoenix alexandrae</i> Species of palm endemic to Queensland

Archontophoenix alexandrae, commonly known as Alexandra palm, king palm, northern Bangalow palm, or feather palm, is a palm endemic to Queensland, Australia. It was named in honour of Princess Alexandra of Denmark, but is often erroneously referred to by the misnomer Alexander palm.

<i>Archontophoenix</i> Genus of palms

Archontophoenix is a plant genus comprising six palm species that are native to New South Wales and Queensland in eastern Australia. They are tall, slender and unbranched. Relationships between Archontophoenix and the other genera of subtribe Archontophoenicinae, including the New Caledonia endemic Actinokentia, Chambeyronia and Kentiopsis are unresolved.

<i>Normanbya</i> Monotypic genus of palm endemic to Queensland

Normanbya is a monotypic genus of palms containing the single species Normanbya normanbyi, which is known by the common name black palm It is endemic to Queensland, Australia and is threatened by habitat destruction.

<i>Ptychosperma macarthurii</i> Species of palm native to northern Australia and New Guinea

Ptychosperma macarthurii, commonly known as the Macarthur palm, is a species of tree in the palm family Arecaceae. Its native range is northern Cape York Peninsula in Queensland with a number of disjunct populations in the Northern Territory and New Guinea. The species has been widely planted in tropical areas and is commonly grown as an indoor plant.

<i>Roscheria</i> Species of plant

Roscheria is an endangered, monotypic genus of flowering plant in the palm family. The genus is named for Albrecht Roscher, a 19th-century German explorer, and the epithet for its single species R. melanochaetes derives from Latin and Greek meaning 'black' and 'bristle', alluding to the spines covering the trunks. They naturally occur on the Mahé and Silhouette Islands of Seychelles where they grow in mountainous rainforest and are threatened by habitat loss.

<i>Archontophoenix cunninghamiana</i> Species of palm

Archontophoenix cunninghamiana – commonly known as Bangalow palm, king palm, Illawara palm or piccabeen palm – is a tree in the palm family Arecaceae, which is endemic to the east coast of New South Wales and Queensland, Australia.

Eremospatha is a genus of climbing flowering plants in the palm family found in tropical Africa. These rattans are uncommon in cultivation and poorly understood by taxonomists. Closely related to Laccosperma, they are differentiated by the near complete absence of bracts and bracteoles. The name is from Greek meaning "without a spathe".

<i>Leucothrinax</i> Genus of palms

Leucothrinax morrisii, the Key thatch palm, is a small palm which is native to the Greater Antilles, northern Lesser Antilles, The Bahamas and Florida and the Florida Keys in the United States.

<i>Angianthus</i> Genus of flowering plants

Angianthus is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. All species of this genus are endemic to Australia.

<i>Trichostigma octandrum</i> Species of flowering plant

Trichostigma octandrum is a species of flowering plant in the family Petiveriaceae. It was formerly placed in the pokeweed family, Phytolaccaceae. It is native to the Neotropics. It is known in English as hoopvine (Florida), black basket wythe, cooper's wythe, basket wiss or basket with, and hoop with. Common French names include liane pannier or liane a barques. Spanish names include bejuco canesta, sotacaballo, and pabello,. The plant has medicinal and fiber uses.

<i>Ptychosperma elegans</i> Species of palm endemic to Queensland

Ptychosperma elegans, commonly known as the solitaire palm, is a very slender palm endemic to Queensland in Australia. In the nursery trade and in the United States it may be confusingly referred to as Alexander palm, which is an often-used but misnomered name of another Australian palm species Archontophoenix alexandrae, the Alexandra palm.

<i>Pouzolzia australis</i> Species of flowering plant

Pouzolzia australis, synonyms including Boehmeria australis and Boehmeria calophleba, is a species of large shrub or small tree in the plant family Urticaceae. It is endemic to small islands belonging to Australia and New Zealand – Norfolk Island, Lord Howe Island, and the Kermadec Islands. The population on Norfolk island, sometimes treated as a distinct subspecies, is critically endangered. In the Kermadec Islands, it was described in 2018 as "threatened – nationally endangered".

<i>Hemithrinax compacta</i> Species of palm

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Trachycarpeae</span> Tribe of palms

Trachycarpeae is a tribe of palms in subfamily Coryphoideae of the plant family Arecaceae. It has the widest distribution of any tribe in Coryphoideae and is found on all continents, though the greatest concentration of species is in Southeast Asia. Trachycarpeae includes palms from both tropical and subtropical zones; the northernmost naturally-occurring palm is a member of this tribe. Several genera can be found in cultivation in temperate areas, for example species of Trachycarpus, Chamaerops, Rhapidophyllum and Washingtonia.

The International Palm Society (IPS), formerly the Palm Society, is a horticultural society dedicated to the study of palms, their culture, conservation, and natural history. It was founded in 1956, and has an international membership. It is a nonprofit 501(c)(3) organization. The IPS is known for its publications, grants supporting research, conservation, and education, its conservation initiatives, biennial meetings held in palm-rich localities, and its online interactive forum, PalmTalk.

<i>Cupaniopsis flagelliformis</i> Species of plant in the family Sapindaceae

Cupaniopsis flagelliformis, commonly known as brown tuckeroo or weeping flower tamarind, is a tree in the lychee, guaraná and maple family Sapindaceae which is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a small tree that inhabits drier or seasonal rainforests.

References

  1. "NatureServe Explorer 2.0". explorer.natureserve.org. Retrieved 21 November 2022.
  2. H.A. Wendland Botanische Zeitung 37:148. 1879 Tpe:A. wrightii
  3. 1 2 World Checklist of Palms: Acoelorrhaphe Archived 2007-08-08 at the Wayback Machine
  4. "Acoelorraphe H.Wendl." Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved 2024-04-23.
  5. 1 2 "Acoelorraphe H.Wendl." International Plant Names Index (IPNI). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries; Australian National Botanic Gardens . Retrieved 2024-04-23.
  6. "Acoelorraphe wrightii (Griseb. & H.Wendl.) H.Wendl. ex Becc." Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved 2024-04-23.
  7. Germplasm Resources Information Network: Acoelorrhaphe wrightii
  8. International Plant Names Index (IPNI): Acoelorrhaphe
  9. Palm & Cycad Societies of Florida: Acoelorrhaphe wrightii Archived 2006-07-02 at the Wayback Machine
  10. Villalobos, Nelson Zamora (2000). Arboles de la Mosquitia hondureña. Turrialba, Costa Rica: CATIE (Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza). p. 5. ISBN   9789977573533.
  11. 1 2 Flora of North America: genus account and species account
  12. Huxley, A., ed. (1992). New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. Macmillan ISBN   0-333-47494-5.
  13. Grisebach, August H. R. (1866) Catalogus Plantarum Cubensium
  14. Bush, Charles S. and Morton, Julia F. (1969) Native Trees and Plants for Florida Landscaping (pp.11-12). Department of Agriculture - State of Florida.