Anyphaenidae

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Anyphaenidae
Temporal range: Palaeogene–present
Hibana incursa aka ghost spider Los Angeles 2016-04-04 2.jpg
Ghost spider ( Hibana incursa )
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Class: Arachnida
Order: Araneae
Infraorder: Araneomorphae
Family: Anyphaenidae
Bertkau, 1878
Diversity
58 genera, 614 species
Distribution.anyphaenidae.1.png

Anyphaenidae is a family of araneomorph spiders, sometimes called anyphaenid sac spiders. They are distinguished from the sac spiders of the family Clubionidae and other spiders by having the abdominal spiracle placed one third to one half of the way anterior to the spinnerets toward the epigastric furrow on the underside of the abdomen. In most spiders the spiracle is just anterior to the spinnerets.

Contents

Like clubionids, anyphaenids have eight eyes arranged in two rows, conical anterior spinnerets and are wandering predators that build silken retreats, or sacs, usually on plant terminals, between leaves, under bark or under rocks. There are more than 600 species in over 50 genera worldwide.

The family is widespread and includes such common genera as Anyphaena (worldwide except tropical Africa and Asia) and Hibana (New World). Only one species ( A. accentuata ) occurs in northwestern Europe.

Species in the latter genus are important predators in several agricultural systems, especially tree crops. They are able to detect and feed on insect eggs, despite their poor eyesight. They share this ability at least with some miturgid spiders.

Genera

As of January 2023, the World Spider Catalog accepts the following genera: [1]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Corinnidae</span> Family of spiders

Corinnidae is a family of araneomorph spiders, sometimes called corinnid sac spiders. The family, like other "clubionoid" families, has a confusing taxonomic history. Once it was a part of the large catch-all taxon Clubionidae, now very much smaller. The original members of the family are apparently similar only in that they have eight eyes arranged in two rows, conical anterior spinnerets that touch and are generally wandering predators that build silken retreats, or sacs, usually on plant terminals, between leaves, under bark or under rocks.

<i>Hibana</i> Genus of spiders

Hibana is a genus of anyphaenid sac spiders first described by Antônio Brescovit in 1991. It is found from the United States to Brazil, including the West Indies. It includes North America's yellow ghost spider, formerly categorized as Aysha velox.

<i>Ctenus</i> Genus of spiders

Ctenus is a genus of wandering spiders first described by Charles Athanase Walckenaer in 1805. It is widely distributed, from South America through Africa to East Asia. Little is known about the toxic potential of the genus Ctenus; however, Ctenus medius has been shown to share some toxic properties with Phoneutria nigriventer, such as proteolytic, hyaluronidase and phospholipase activities, in addition to producing hyperalgesia and edema. The venom of C. medius also interferes with the complement system in concentrations in which the venom of P. nigriventer is inactive, indicating that some species in the genus may have a medically significant venom. The venom of C. medius interferes with the complement component 3 (C3) of the complement system; it affects the central factor of the cascades of the complement, and interferes with the lytic activity of this system, which causes stronger activation and consumption of the complement components. Unlike C. medius, the venom of P. nigriventer does not interfere with lytic activity.

Acanthoceto is a genus of South American anyphaenid sac spiders first described by Cândido Firmino de Mello-Leitão in 1944.

Anyphaenoides is a genus of anyphaenid sac spiders first described by Lucien Berland in 1913. It is a senior synonym of "Quechuella"

Negayan is a genus of South American anyphaenid sac spiders first described by M. J. Ramírez in 2003.

Metagonia is a genus of cellar spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1893.

<i>Arachosia</i> (spider) Genus of spiders

Arachosia is a genus of anyphaenid sac spiders that was first described by Octavius Pickard-Cambridge in 1882.

Josa is a genus of South American anyphaenid sac spiders first described by Eugen von Keyserling in 1891. It is a senior synonym of "Gayenella", "Haptisus", "Olbophthalmus", and "Pelayo".

Jessica is a genus of South American anyphaenid sac spiders first described by Antônio Domingos Brescovit in 1997.

References

  1. ↑ "Family: Anyphaenidae Bertkau, 1878". World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. Archived from the original on 2023-01-19. Retrieved 2023-01-19.
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