Gradungulidae

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Large-clawed spiders
Gradungula sorenseni.jpg
Gradungula sorenseni , male
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Class: Arachnida
Order: Araneae
Infraorder: Araneomorphae
Family: Gradungulidae
Forster, 1955
Diversity
7 genera, 16 species
Distribution.gradungulidae.1.png

Gradungulidae, also known as large-clawed spiders, is a spider family endemic to Australia and New Zealand. They are medium to large-sized haplogyne spiders with three claws and two pairs of book-lungs similar to Mygalomorphae. Some species build extensive webs with an upper retreat tangle and connecting threads to scaffolding. This supports the ladder-like catching platform that is glued to the ground. Progradungula, a large spider with long legs like Hickmania , [1] and Macrogradungula are the only cribellate genera of the family.

Contents

Species

Gradungula Forster, 1955

Kaiya Gray, 1987

Macrogradungula Gray, 1987

Pianoa Forster, 1987

Progradungula Forster & Gray, 1979

Spelungula Forster, 1987

Tarlina Gray, 1987

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White-tailed spider Species of arachnid

White-tailed spiders are spiders native to southern and eastern Australia, and so named because of the whitish tips at the end of their abdomens. The body size is up to 18 mm, with a leg-span of 28 mm. Common species are Lampona cylindrata and Lampona murina. Both these species have been introduced to New Zealand.

Kaiya is a genus of Australian large-clawed spiders that was first described by Raymond Robert Forster, Norman I. Platnick & Michael R. Gray in 1987.

<i>Hadronyche</i> Genus of spiders

Hadronyche is a genus of venomous Australian funnel-web spiders that was first described by L. Koch in 1873. Originally placed with the curtain web spiders, it was moved to the Hexathelidae in 1980, then to the Australian funnel-web spiders in 2018.

Austrochilidae Family of spiders

Austrochilidae is a small spider family with ten species in three genera. Austrochilus and Thaida are endemic to the Andean forest of central and southern Chile and adjacent Argentina, while Hickmania is endemic to Tasmania. The monophyly of the family and the relationships among the genera are uncertain as of May 2017.

Orsolobidae Family of spiders

Orsolobidae is a six-eyed spider family with about 180 described species in thirty genera. It was first described by J. A. L. Cooke in 1965, and was raised to family status from "Dysderidae" in 1985.

<i>Progradungula</i> Genus of spiders

Progradungula is a genus of Australian large-clawed spiders that was first described by Raymond Robert Forster & Michael R. Gray in 1979. As of May 2019 it contains only two species: P. carraiensis and P. otwayensis.

<i>Gradungula</i> Genus of spiders

Gradungula is a monotypic genus of South Pacific large-clawed spiders containing the single species, Gradungula sorenseni. It is only found in New Zealand.

<i>Badumna</i> Genus of spiders

Badumna is a genus of intertidal spiders that was first described by Tamerlan Thorell in 1890. They are harmless spiders that can be found around human structures and buildings. They are darkly colored, usually with a lighter colored pattern on the abdomen. The most well-known species is B. insignis, also known as the "black house spider" or "black window spider".

<i>Progradungula otwayensis</i> Species of spider

Progradungula otwayensis, commonly known as the odd-clawed spider, is a species of cribellate spider endemic to the Great Otway National Park of Victoria, Australia. It is one of only two species in the gradungulid genus Progradungula.

<i>Macrogradungula</i> Genus of spiders

Macrogradungula is a monotypic genus of Australian large-clawed spiders containing the single species, Macrogradungula moonya. It was first described by Raymond Robert Forster, Norman I. Platnick & Michael R. Gray in 1987, and has only been found in Australia. It is classified under the family Gradungulidae, superfamily Austrochiloidea, and suborder Araneomorphae.

<i>Tamopsis</i> Genus of spiders

Tamopsis is a genus of tree trunk spiders that was first described by B. Baehr & M. Baehr in 1987. Like other members of the family, they may be called two-tailed spiders, referring to two elongated spinnerets. The name is derived from the genus Tama and the Ancient Greek ὄψις (-opsis), meaning "resembling".

<i>Pianoa</i> Genus of spiders

Pianoa is a monotypic genus of large-clawed spiders endemic to New Zealand. It contains a single species, Pianoa isolata, known commonly as the piano flat spider.

Tarlina is a genus of Australian large-clawed spiders that was first described by Raymond Robert Forster, Norman I. Platnick & Michael R. Gray in 1987.

Baiami is a genus of Australian intertidal spiders that was first described by Pekka T. Lehtinen in 1967. Originally placed with the Stiphidiidae, it was transferred to the Desidae after the results of a 2019 genetic analysis.

References

  1. Forster, R. R.; Gray, M. R. (1979). "Progradungula, a new cribellate genus of the spider family Gradungulidae (Araneae)". Australian Journal of Zoology . 27 (6): 1051–1071. doi:10.1071/ZO9791051.