BP Canada

Last updated
BP Canada
Industry Petroleum
Founded15 June 1955 (1955-06-15)
Defunct31 December 1992 (1992-12-31)
Successor Talisman Energy
Headquarters
Montreal (1955–1980)
Toronto (1980–1982)
Calgary (1982–1992)
Parent British Petroleum
Website bp.com/canada

BP Canada was a Canadian petroleum company and subsidiary of British Petroleum that existed between 1955 and 1992. The name refers to a group of companies that engaged in various segments of the petroleum industry lifecycle. BP entered the Canadian market in October 1953, when it purchased a 23 percent stake in the Triad Oil Company. In 1955, BP formed a Canadian subsidiary, based in Montreal, called BP Canada Limited. The company began acquiring retail stations in Ontario and Quebec and in 1957 started construction on a refinery in Montreal. By the end of the 1950s BP Canada was a fully-integrated operation. In 1964, it acquired from Cities Service the Oakville Refinery, and then expanded its operations significantly in 1971 when it acquired Supertest Petroleum.

Contents

In 1982, BP sold its refining and marketing assets for $577 million to the crown corporation Petro-Canada. The remaining upstream operations were organised into an exploration and production company. The company struggled for much of the 1980s, and by the early 1990s the parent looked to sell off its stake. In June 1992, British Petroleum sold its 57 percent stake in the company, and on 1 January 1993, the newly independent company was renamed Talisman Energy.

British Petroleum was absent from Canada from 1992 until its merger with Amoco in late 1998, at which time the Amoco Canada Petroleum Company became part of the BP group. Amoco Canada was renamed BP Canada Energy in August 2000, however, this company is unrelated to the original BP Canada.

History

Early investments in Canada, 1952–1955

British Petroleum's activities in Canada began in the aftermath of the nationalization of the Iranian oil industry in 1951. As a result of a bill passed in March of the year, the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company – British Petroleum's predecessor – was forced to sell its assets in Iran to the government. The sale of Anglo-Iranian's assets in Iran gave the company a large amount of money to invest in new markets. Anglo-Iranian made its first fact-finding mission to Canada in 1952. On 20 August, a group of officials led by Peter Cox from D'Arcy Exploration, a subsidiary company, arrived in Edmonton to meet with N. Eldon Tanner, the Alberta government's Minister of Mines and Minerals. [1] A year later, in October 1953, Anglo-Iranian announced its intention to invest, via D'Arcy Exploration, $5 million in a 23 percent stake of the Calgary-based Triad Oil Company. [2] The terms of the purchase also included an option to acquire 50 percent or more of the company before the end of 1955; it executed this option in late 1954. [3] Anglo-Iranian was also granted two seats on the Triad board and began supplying the company with technical staff. By the spring of 1955, Anglo-Iranian's investment in Triad was around $19.5 million.

Formation and development of BP Canada, 1955–1969

On 16 December 1954, the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company changed its name to British Petroleum. The British Petroleum name entered Canada on 15 June 1955, when it incorporated the subsidiary BP Canada Limited under a federal charter. By early 1957 the company had begun operations. In February of that year, BP Canada announced a $60 million plan to construct a 30,000 barrels-per-day refinery in Montreal and develop a chain of retail outlets in Quebec and Ontario. [4] In March, the company acquired its first 50 service stations in Quebec from the Lake St John Distributing Company and converted them to BP branding. [5] At the same time, BP Canada contracted Christian Dior to design the uniforms for its female service station attendants. However, after Dior's death in October 1957, it had to find a new designer. [6] In April 1958, the company announced its entry into the Ontario market with the purchase of six retail stations in the Ottawa area. [7] By the end of 1958, BP Canada had around 400 stations in Quebec and 100 in Ontario. In 1957, a holding company called the British Petroleum Company of Canada Limited was incorporated. All of BP's Canadian assets, including D'Arcy Exploration's 50 percent stake in Triad Oil, were transferred to it. On 8 October 1958, BP Refinery Canada Limited was incorporated to manage the Montreal refinery that was under construction. H. L. Ray was sent from London to act as the new company's general manager. [8]

BP Canada's first president was Sir Alastair Frederick Down MC OBE (1914–2004), who had begun working for Anglo-Iranian in 1938. Down remained at the helm until he was recalled to London in 1962 to serve as BP's managing director. His successor as president was Ralph Norman Tottenham-Smith, the son of British diplomat Ralph Henry Tottenham-Smith. In April 1957, Graham Ford Towers CMG (1897–1975) was invited to become BP Canada's first chairman. [9] Towers had previously served as the first Governor of the Bank of Canada, and had left that position in 1954. In 1966, Tottenham-Smith stepped down as president. The board appointed Derek Fenton Mitchell (1918–1981) as his replacement.

The company's first offices were established at 550 Sherbrooke Street West. [10] In 1962 it relocated to the new Standard Life Building at 1245 Sherbrooke Street West. BP Canada made its largest purchase to date in 1964, when it acquired the refining and marketing assets of Canada-Cities Service Limited for $50 million. [11] The purchase included 750 gas stations, 75 bulk plants, and the Oakville Refinery, which had been built in 1958.

Integrated major, 1969–1982

In 1969 Towers retired as chairman and the board elected Robert MacLaren Fowler (1906–1980) as his replacement. That same year, the company underwent a restructuring. The holding company, the British Petroleum Company of Canada Limited, was renamed BP Canada (1969) Limited. The marketing arm, BP Canada Limited, was renamed BP Oil Limited, and BP Refinery Canada Limited was placed under it as a subsidiary. Triad Oil Company, of which BP Canada now had a 65.9 percent stake, was renamed BP Oil and Gas Limited.

The August 1969 discovery of the Prudhoe Bay Oil Field inspired British Petroleum to increase its investments in North America. In August 1971, BP Canada made an offer to purchase Supertest Petroleum. To undertake the acquisition, BP Canada Limited (the holding company) exchanged all shares of its subsidiary companies for an 83.7 percent stake in Supertest, which was held by Corlon Investments Limited. Supertest was then renamed BP Canada Limited, while the holding company became BP Canadian Holdings Limited. BP Holdings then increased its stake in BP Canada (or Supertest) to 97.8 percent at a share price of $16.50. [12]

In 1970, BP Canada held rights to 26.7 million acres, up from 19.3 the previous year. Its recent growth included significant holdings in the arctic. In 1971, the company drilled wells on Prince Patrick Island and Graham Island as part of the Panarctic Oils consortium. In 1972, oil and gas production was 22,132 barrels-per-day, up from 18,582 the previous year. [13] The 1973 oil crisis instigated by OPEC created havoc in global oil markets, however, in 1974 BP Canada increased its profits by 82 percent. In 1975 the company completed a 40,000 barrels-per-day expansion of the Oakville Refinery and completed the takeover of British Columbia Oil Sands Limited. That same year, the company sold 1,200 of its 3,000 retail outlets in Ontario and Quebec. Also in 1975, BP Canada began offshore exploration in Newfoundland. In the face of the 1979 oil crisis, that year, BP Canada posted profits of 63.1 million, an increase of 93 percent from the previous year.

In 1977, Fowler stepped down as chairman and was replaced by Mitchell. The board appointed Robert Walter Dawson Hanbidge (1925–2002) as the new president. In 1980, the year of the Quebec independence referendum, the company announced that it would relocated its offices from Montreal to Toronto. Its new headquarters were established in First Canadian Place. On 29 October 1981, Mitchell died unexpectedly. His replacement was Robert Wilson Adam (1923–1993), the deputy chairman of British Petroleum.

Independent company, 1982–1992

In October 1982, rumors began to circulate about the possibility of Petro-Canada or the Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec purchasing BP Canada. By the beginning of November, BP reached an agreement to sell all its downstream assets to Petro-Canada for $577 million. This included 1,640 retail stations in Ontario and Quebec, the Oakville Refinery, and $180 million of oil stored in the refinery. [14] To execute the deal, BP Canada was reorganised into two parts. Downstream assets were consolidated into a company called BP Refining and Marketing Limited, which Petro-Canada purchased for $16.10 a share. Upstream assets were consolidated in a company called BP Resources Canada Limited, which would continue. On 1 February 1983 the Supreme Court of Ontario approved the deal, [15] and the purchase was finalised on 11 March.

BP Canada had thus become an independent exploration and production company. The head offices in Toronto were closed and the executive functions moved to BP House in Calgary, which had been the home of the company's western operations. Following the sale, Hanbidge retired on 1 May and was replaced as president by Maurice Anthony Kirkby (1929–). In 1984, Donald Southam Harvie (1924–2001), the son of Eric Harvie, was elected chairman. On 27 April 1984, BP Resources Canada changed its name to BP Canada Inc., the name of the company prior to the Petro-Canada sale. BP Canada's performance fluctuated through the 1980s. In 1987 its profits were a record $44.6 million, yet, the following year they decreased to $10.3 million. David A. Claydon replaced Kirkby as president in 1988, but stepped down in 1991 to assume the chairmanship upon Harvie's retirement. BP Canada's final president was Dr James William Buckee (1946–), who was appointed in 1991. Between 1990 and 1992, BP Canada cut its staff in half to 380.

Exit of British Petroleum, creation of Talisman Energy, 1992–1993

In 1991, British Petroleum was suffering from mounting debt and losses. In 1992 it announced its intention to sell its 57 percent stake in BP Canada for $374 million. [16] The sale was completed in June of that year and, subsequently, necessitated a name change for the former subsidiary. A competition was held to choose name. The winning entry was that of Janet Pritchard, a petroleum engineering clerk, who came up with "Talisman Energy." [17] On 1 January 1993, the new name came into being and BP Canada ceased to exist. Claydon and Buckee stayed on as chairman and president, however, Claydon stepped down in early 1993. Over the next two decades, Talisman was a highly successful company. At the end of 2015 it was purchased by Repsol and renamed Repsol Oil and Gas Canada.

Return of British Petroleum, 1998–present

After six years of absence, British Petroleum returned to Canada when on 31 December 1998 it completed its $53 billion merger with Amoco. The merger gave BP control of the Amoco Canada Petroleum Company, which had been in existence since 1969. In August 2000, Amoco Canada was renamed BP Canada Energy Company. As of 2012, following the divestment of its natural gas and natural gas liquids businesses, current BP operations in Canada focus on oil sands, including joint ventures with companies including Husky Energy and Devon Energy. [18] It has activities in Alberta, the Northwest Territories, [19] and offshore in Nova Scotia [20] and the Canadian Beaufort Sea, and as of 2012 employed more than 450 employees. [18] [21]

In 1998–2000, the operations of Amoco, ARCO and Castrol were amalgamated. [22] [23] [24] [25] Into the 2000s, BP Canada operated primarily as a producer of natural gas and employed more than 2000 employees. [18]

The company partnered with Imperial Oil beginning in 2010, to carry out exploration of two of its offshore oil and gas blocks in the Beaufort Sea. [26] During 2010 and 2011, BP Canada sold its natural gas operations as part of divestments following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. It sold its natural gas business in Alberta and British Columbia to Apache Corporation in July 2010 and its Canadian natural gas liquids business to a subsidiary of Plains All American Pipeline in December 2011. [21]

The company operates primarily in Alberta, the Northwest Territories, and Nova Scotia. As of 2012, BP Canada has approximately 450 employees. It purchases crude oil for the company's refineries in the US, has oil sands holdings in Alberta and four offshore blocks in the Beaufort Sea and Nova Scotia. [18] [19] [20] [27] [28] The company's oil sands leases include joint ventures with Husky Energy in the Sunrise Energy Project (50%), [29] and Devon Energy in Pike, [30] and a partnership with Value Creation Inc. in the development of the Terre de Grace oil sands lease. The Sunrise oil sands project entered the development phase in 2012. As of 2012, the Pike project, was in the regulatory approval phase, and the Terre de Grace project was in the resource appraisal phase. [18] [21]

Corporate structure

Integrated: 1955–1982

Holdings
incorporated 26 March 1957: British Petroleum Company of Canada Limited
renamed in 1969: BP Canada (1969) Limited
renamed in 1970: BP Canada Limited
renamed in 1971: BP Canadian Holdings Limited

Operations (acquired 1971)
incorporated 17 December 1925: Supertest Petroleum Corporation Limited
renamed in 1971: BP Canada Limited
renamed in 1979: BP Canada Inc.
Marketing
incorporated 15 June 1955: BP Canada Limited
renamed in 1969: BP Oil Limited
Refining
incorporated 8 October 1958: BP Refinery Canada Limited
Exploration and production
incorporated December 1951: Triad Oil Company Limited
renamed in 1969: BP Oil and Gas Limited
merged into BP Canada Limited in 1972

Independent: 1982–1992

BP Canadian Holdings Limited – dissolved in 1982

BP Canada Inc. – reorganised in 1982 into:

BP Refining and Marketing Canada Limited
sold to Petro-Canada in 1983
BP Resources Canada Limited
renamed BP Canada Inc. in 1984
became Talisman Energy in 1993

Leadership

President

Sir Alastair F. Down MC OBE, 1957–1962
R. Norman Tottenham-Smith, 1962–1966
Derek F. Mitchell, 1966–1977
R. Walter Hanbidge, 1977–1983
M. Anthony Kirkby, 1983–1988
David A. Claydon, 1988–1991
Dr James W. Buckee, 1991–1992

Chairman of the Board

Graham F. Towers CMG, 1957–1969
Robert M. Fowler, 1969–1977
Derek F. Mitchell, 1977–1981
Robert W. Adam, 1981–1982
Roy F. Bennett, 1982–1984
Donald S. Harvie, 1984–1991
David A. Claydon, 1991–1992

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amoco</span> American fuel station chain owned by British BP plc

Amoco is a brand of fuel stations operating in the United States and owned by British conglomerate BP since 1998. The Amoco Corporation was an American chemical and oil company, founded by Standard Oil Company in 1889 around a refinery in Whiting, Indiana, and was officially the Standard Oil Company of Indiana until 1985. Originally part of the Standard Oil Company trust, it focused on producing gasoline for the new automobile market. In 1911, as part of the break-up of the Standard Oil trust, it became an independent corporation. Incorporated in Indiana, it was headquartered in Chicago, and formally adopted the name Amoco in 1985. Although the Amoco Corporation merged in 1998 into BP Amoco, the Amoco name was resurrected in 2017 as a brand that service station owners could choose to use when they purchased supplies from BP in selected areas of the United States.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Imperial Oil</span> Canadian petroleum company majority-owned by American ExxonMobil

Imperial Oil Limited is a Canadian petroleum company. It is Canada's second-largest integrated oil company. It is majority-owned by American oil company ExxonMobil, with a 69.6% ownership stake in the company. It is a producer of crude oil, diluted bitumen, and natural gas. Imperial Oil is one of Canada's major petroleum refiners and petrochemical producers. It supplies Esso-brand service stations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Suncor Energy</span> Canadian energy company

Suncor Energy is a Canadian integrated energy company based in Calgary, Alberta. It specializes in production of synthetic crude from oil sands. In the 2020 Forbes Global 2000, Suncor Energy was ranked as the 48th-largest public company in the world.

Talisman Energy Inc. was a Canadian independent petroleum company that existed between 1993 and 2015. The company was created from the assets of BP Canada after British Petroleum divested its 57 percent stake in June 1992. It was one of Canada's largest independent oil and gas companies, and operated globally, with operations in Canada and the United States of America in North America; Colombia, South America; Algeria in North Africa; United Kingdom and Norway in Europe; Indonesia, Malaysia, Vietnam, Papua New Guinea, East Timor and Australia in the Far East; and Kurdistan in the Middle East. Talisman Energy has also built the offshore Beatrice Wind Farm in the North Sea off the coast of Scotland.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Burmah Oil</span> British oil company

The Burmah Oil Company was a leading British oil company which was once a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. In 1966, Castrol was acquired by Burmah, which was renamed Burmah-Castrol. BP Amoco purchased the company in 2000.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Petroleum industry in Canada</span>

Petroleum production in Canada is a major industry which is important to the overall economy of North America. Canada has the third largest oil reserves in the world and is the world's fourth largest oil producer and fourth largest oil exporter. In 2019 it produced an average of 750,000 cubic metres per day (4.7 Mbbl/d) of crude oil and equivalent. Of that amount, 64% was upgraded from unconventional oil sands, and the remainder light crude oil, heavy crude oil and natural-gas condensate. Most of the Canadian petroleum production is exported, approximately 600,000 cubic metres per day (3.8 Mbbl/d) in 2019, with 98% of the exports going to the United States. Canada is by far the largest single source of oil imports to the United States, providing 43% of US crude oil imports in 2015.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">History of the petroleum industry in Canada (natural gas liquids)</span>

Canada's natural gas liquids industry dates back to the discovery of wet natural gas at Turner Valley, Alberta in 1914. The gas was less important than the natural gasoline - "skunk gas" it was called, because of its distinctive odour - that early producers extracted from it. That natural gas liquid (NGL) could be poured directly into an automobile's fuel tank.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Supertest Petroleum</span>

Supertest Petroleum Limited was a Canadian petroleum company that operated from 1923 to 1973. Its head office was in London, Ontario. It marketed itself as "Canada's All-Canadian Company", and was acquired by BP Canada in 1971.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">BP</span> British multinational oil and gas company

BP p.l.c. is a British multinational oil and gas company headquartered in London, England. It is one of the oil and gas "supermajors" and one of the world's largest companies measured by revenues and profits. It is a vertically integrated company operating in all areas of the oil and gas industry, including exploration and extraction, refining, distribution and marketing, power generation, and trading.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Canadian petroleum companies</span>

Although there are numerous oil companies operating in Canada, as of 2009, the majority of production, refining and marketing was done by fewer than 20 of them. According to the 2013 edition of Forbes Global 2000, canoils.com and any other list that emphasizes market capitalization and revenue when sizing up companies, as of March 31, 2014 these are the largest Canada-based oil and gas companies.

Cenovus Energy Inc. is a Canadian integrated oil and natural gas company headquartered in Calgary, Alberta. Its offices are located at Brookfield Place, having completed a move from the neighbouring Bow in 2019.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Canadian Natural Resources</span> Canadian hydrocarbon exploration company

Canadian Natural Resources Limited, or CNRL or Canadian Natural is a senior Canadian oil and natural gas company that operates primarily in the Western Canadian provinces of British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba, with offshore operations in the United Kingdom sector of the North Sea, and offshore Côte d'Ivoire and Gabon. The company, which is headquartered in Calgary, Alberta, has the largest undeveloped base in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin. It is the largest independent producer of natural gas in Western Canada and the largest producer of heavy crude oil in Canada.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hudson's Bay Oil and Gas Company</span> Former Canadian petroleum company

Hudson's Bay Oil and Gas Company Limited was a Canadian non-integrated petroleum company that operated between 1926 and 1982. Originally called the Hudson's Bay Marland Oil Company (HBMOC), it was founded as a joint venture between the Hudson's Bay Company and the Marland Oil Company with the purpose of producing oil on land where the HBC held mineral rights. In 1929 the Continental Oil Company (Conoco) purchased Marland Oil and reformed the HBMOC as the Hudson's Bay Oil and Gas Company (HBOG). By the 1960s HBOG had become the third largest oil producer in Canada. Between 1981 and 1982, Dome Petroleum, also based in Calgary, acquired HBOG for $4 billion in what was then the most expensive takeover in Canadian history. The purchase by Dome ultimately contributed to its own demise in 1988, at which time it was acquired by Amoco Canada.

Western Canadian Select (WCS) is a heavy sour blend of crude oil that is one of North America's largest heavy crude oil streams and, historically, its cheapest. It was established in December 2004 as a new heavy oil stream by EnCana, Canadian Natural Resources, Petro-Canada and Talisman Energy. It is composed mostly of bitumen blended with sweet synthetic and condensate diluents and 21 existing streams of both conventional and unconventional Alberta heavy crude oils at the large Husky Midstream General Partnership terminal in Hardisty, Alberta. Western Canadian Select—the benchmark for heavy, acidic crudes—is one of many petroleum products from the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin oil sands. Calgary-based Husky Energy, now a subsidiary of Cenovus, had joined the initial four founders in 2015.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gulf Canada</span> Canadian subsidiary of Gulf Oil

Gulf Canada was a Canadian integrated petroleum company that existed between 1944 and 2001. Gulf Oil Corporation began operating in Canada in 1942, and two years later formed a Canadian subsidiary called the Canadian Gulf Oil Company. In 1956 Canadian Gulf Oil merged with the British American Oil Company and until 1969 operated under the British American name. In 1969, British American amalgamated with its subsidiaries into a new company called Gulf Oil Canada Limited.

Kenya Petroleum Refineries Limited (KPRL) is a Kenyan oil refinery based in Mombasa. Kenya Petroleum Refineries Limited is currently managed by the government of Kenya. It was founded in 1960 by the government of Kenya with Shell and the British Petroleum Co. BP. As of June 2016, 100 percent of the shares are owned by the government of Kenya.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">British American Oil Company</span>

The British American Oil Company Limited was a Canadian integrated petroleum company that operated between 1906 and 1969. British American was founded in Toronto in 1906 by Albert Leroy Ellsworth (1876–1950). By the 1950s, the Gulf Oil Corporation of Pittsburgh had become British American's controlling shareholder. In 1956 Gulf merged its Canadian subsidiary, the Canadian Gulf Oil Company, with British American using the latter's name. In 1969 British American amalgamed with its subsidiaries into a new company called Gulf Oil Canada Limited. After several name changes ending at Gulf Canada Resources Limited, the company was acquired in 2001 by Conoco, becoming Conoco Canada Resources Limited.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ranger Oil</span> Canadian petroleum company (1950–2000)

Ranger Oil Limited was a Canadian independent petroleum company that operated between 1950 and 2000. Ranger was founded as the Maygill Petroleum Company Limited with the aim to develop oil leases in the Steveville, Alberta area. In 1954, Jack Piece (1924–1991), originally of Montreal, acquired control of the company and renamed it West Maygill Gas and Oil Limited. In 1956, Maygill purchased an American company Pierce had founded, the Ranger Oil Company, and in 1958 renamed itself Ranger Oil (Canada) Limited. Over the subsequent decades, Pierce built Ranger into one of Canada's most successful independent producers. During the 1970s and 1980s, Ranger played an active role in the development of the North Sea. In 2000, Canadian Natural Resources acquired Ranger.

The Galveston Bay Refinery is an oil refinery located in the Texas City, Texas Industrial Complex on the edge of Galveston Bay. It is the largest oil refinery in North America with a capacity 631,000 barrels per day and has been owned and operated by Marathon Petroleum Corporation since 2013.

References

  1. "Anglo-Iranian Group Arrives," Calgary Herald (21 August 1952), 25.
  2. "Anglo-Iranian Oil Invests $5,000,000 in Calgary Firm," Calgary Herald (13 October 1953), 1.
  3. Larry F. Frantz, "Triad Gets $14 Million New Capital," Calgary Herald (9 December 1954), 1.
  4. "Plan $60,000,000 Service Station Chain, Refinery," Globe and Mail (11 February 1957), 32.
  5. "Service Stations in Quebec Bought By BP (Canada)," Globe and Mail (11 March 1957), 28.
  6. "What's new in marketing," Petroleum Week, vol. 5 no. 23 (6 December 1957), 49.
  7. "BP Canada Ltd. Gasoline Sales Start in Ontario," Globe and Mail (18 April 1958), 20.
  8. "New BP Refinery Company Formed," Globe and Mail (6 November 1958), 34.
  9. "Chairman BP (Canada) Limited," Globe and Mail (4 April 1957), 36.
  10. "BP Moves Into Canada," The Oil and Gas Journal, vol. 55 no. 7 (18 February 1957), 107.
  11. "BP Takeover Set Tuesday," Calgary Herald (30 May 1964), 15.
  12. Etan Vlessing, "Talisman Energy Inc.," in International Dictionary of Company Histories, Vol. 103, (Detroit: St James Press, 2009), 426.
  13. Vlessing, 427.
  14. David Hatter, "BP can sip champagne," Calgary Herald (1 November 1982), 1.
  15. "Court approves BP sale," Calgary Herald (2 February 1983), D2.
  16. Gordon Jaremko, "Sale sparks excitement," Calgary Herald (13 May 1992), F1.
  17. "Talisman Energy leads BP's name list," Calgary Herald (14 October 1992), C2.
  18. 1 2 3 4 5 Nathan Vanderklippe (26 July 2012). "BP plans a return to the oil patch". Globe & Mail . Retrieved 11 May 2013.
  19. 1 2 "BP in Canada". BP . 2013. Retrieved 11 May 2013.
  20. 1 2 Jeff Lewis (13 February 2013). "East Coast looks to lure oil money as Alberta discounts bite". Financial Post . Retrieved 11 May 2013.
  21. 1 2 3 Claudia Cattaneo (30 July 2012). "BP back in growth mode, eyes oil sands". Financial Post. Retrieved 13 March 2013.
  22. "BP and Amoco in oil mega-merger". BBC News . 11 August 1998. Retrieved 5 June 2010.
  23. "BP Parent Company Name Change Following AGM Approval" (Press release). BP. 1 May 2001. Retrieved 11 Jun 2010.
  24. Brierley, David (4 Apr 1999). "BP strikes it rich in America". The Independent . London. Retrieved 5 Jun 2010.
  25. "BP Amoco Agrees Recommended Cash Offer To Buy Burmah Castrol For £3 ($4.7) Billion". BP. 14 March 2000. Retrieved 11 Jun 2010.
  26. Shaun Polczer (31 July 2013). "Firms team up in Arctic". Calgary Herald . Retrieved 13 March 2013.
  27. "Canadian oil sands". BP. Retrieved 1 October 2012.
  28. O'Cinneide, Eoin; Zelinsky, Tonya (16 November 2012). "BP spends big off Nova Scotia". Upstream Online . NHST Media Group . Retrieved 17 November 2012.
  29. Watkins, Eric (10 September 2010). "Enbridge signs agreement with Husky for Sunrise facilities". Oil & Gas Journal . Pennwell Corporation . Retrieved 11 October 2012.
  30. "Devon Energy Fact Sheet" (PDF). Devon Energy. 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 May 2013. Retrieved 11 October 2012.