List of ministers of social affairs of the Netherlands

Last updated

Minister of Social Affairs
and Employment
of the Netherlands
Minister van Sociale Zaken
en Werkgelegenheid
Ministerie van Sociale Zaken en Werkgelegenheid Logo.png
Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment
Flag of the Netherlands.svg
Flag of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
Flickr - europeanpeoplesparty - EPP Conference on Lisbon Strategy 25 November 2004 (7) (cropped).jpg
Incumbent
Karien van Gennip
since 10 January 2022;2 years ago (2022-01-10)
Ministry of Social Affairs
and Employment
Style His/Her Excellency
Member of Council of Ministers
AppointerThe Monarch
on advice of the Prime Minister
Formation25 September 1918;105 years ago (1918-09-25)
First holder Piet Aalberse
as Minister of Labour
Deputy Carola Schouten
as Minister without Portfolio
Salary 170.000 (As of 2022)
(excluding expenses)
Website Minister of Social Affairs and Employment

The minister of social affairs and employment (Dutch : Minister van Sociale Zaken en Werkgelegenheid) is the head of the Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment and a member of the Cabinet and the Council of Ministers. The current minister is Karien van Gennip of the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) party who has been in office since 10 January 2022. Regularly, a state secretary is assigned to the ministry who is tasked with specific portfolios, but not in the current cabinet. In the current cabinet there is also a minister without portfolio assigned to the ministry who is also giving specific portfolios. The current minister without portfolio is Carola Schouten of the Christian Union (CU) party who also has been in office since 10 January 2022 and has been assigned the portfolios of welfare and pensions and is additionally serving as Third Deputy Prime Minister.

Contents

List of ministers of social affairs

1918–1945

Minister of LabourTerm of officePartyPrime Minister
(Cabinet)
PietAalberse1871-1948.jpg Piet Aalberse
(1871–1948)
25 September 1918 –
1 January 1923
Roman Catholic
State Party
Charles Ruijs de
Beerenbrouck

(Ruijs de Beerenbrouck III)
[1] [2]
Minister of Labour,
Commerce and Industry
Term of officePartyPrime Minister
(Cabinet)
PietAalberse1871-1948.jpg Piet Aalberse
(1871–1948)
1 January 1923 –
4 August 1925
Roman Catholic
State Party
Charles Ruijs de
Beerenbrouck

(Ruijs de Beerenbrouck II)
[2]
Dionysius Adrianus Petrus Norbertus Koolen (1925).jpg Dr.
Dionysius Koolen
(1871–1945)
4 August 1925 –
8 March 1926
Roman Catholic
State Party
Hendrikus Colijn
(Colijn I)
[3]
Jan Rudolph Slotemaker de Bruine.jpg Dr.
Jan Rudolph
Slotemaker de Bruïne

(1869–1941)
8 March 1926 –
10 August 1929
Christian Historical Union Dirk Jan de Geer
(De Geer I)
[4]
Timotheus Josephus Verschuur.jpg Timotheus Verschuur
(1886–1945)
10 August 1929 –
1 May 1932
Roman Catholic
State Party
Charles Ruijs de
Beerenbrouck

(Ruijs de Beerenbrouck III)
[5]
Minister of Economic
Affairs and Labour
Term of officePartyPrime Minister
(Cabinet)
Timotheus Josephus Verschuur.jpg Timotheus Verschuur
(1886–1945)
1 May 1932 –
8 June 1933
Roman Catholic
State Party
Charles Ruijs de
Beerenbrouck

(Ruijs de Beerenbrouck III)
[5]
Hendrikus Colijn
(Colijn II)
[6]
Minister of Social AffairsTerm of officePartyPrime Minister
(Cabinet)
Jan Rudolph Slotemaker de Bruine.jpg Dr.
Jan Rudolph
Slotemaker de Bruïne

(1869–1941)
8 June 1933 –
31 July 1935
Christian Historical Union Hendrikus Colijn
(Colijn II)
[6]
Marcus Slingenberg 1920 (1).jpg Marcus Slingenberg
(1881–1941)
31 July 1935 –
24 June 1937
Free-thinking
Democratic League
Hendrikus Colijn
(Colijn III)
[7]
Romme, Carl - SFA007000408.jpg Carl Romme
(1896–1980)
24 June 1937 –
25 July 1939
Roman Catholic
State Party
Hendrikus Colijn
(Colijn IV)
[8]
Marinus Damme.jpg Dr.
Marinus Damme
(1876–1966)
25 July 1939 –
10 August 1939
Independent
Liberal

(Classical Liberal)
Hendrikus Colijn
(Colijn V)
[9]
Jan van den Tempel 1942 (1).jpg Dr.
Jan van den Tempel
(1877–1955)
10 August 1939 –
23 February 1945
Social Democratic
Workers' Party
Dirk Jan de Geer
(De Geer II)
[10]
Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy
(Gerbrandy III)
[11]
Frans Wijffels (1945).jpg Frans Wijffels
(also Ministers of
Water Management
Feb.Apr.)

(1899–1968)
23 February 1945 –
25 June 1945
Roman Catholic
State Party
Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy
(Gerbrandy III)
[12]

Since 1945

Minister of Social AffairsTerm of officePartyPrime Minister
(Cabinet)
Minister van Sociale Zaken dr. Drees aan zijn bureau, pen in de hand. 29 mei 1947. - SFA001014095.jpg Willem Drees
(1886–1988)
[Deputy]
25 June 1945 –
7 August 1948
Social Democratic
Workers' Party
Willem Schermerhorn
(Schermerhorn–
Drees
)

[13]
Labour Party Louis Beel
(Beel I)
[14]
Dolf Joekes 1946 (1).jpg Dr.
Dolf Joekes
(1884–1962)
7 August 1948 –
15 September 1951
Labour Party Willem Drees
(Drees–Van Schaik
Drees I)

[15] [16]
Minister of Social Affairs
and Health
Term of officePartyPrime Minister
(Cabinet)
Dolf Joekes 1946 (1).jpg Dr.
Dolf Joekes
(1884–1962)
15 September 1951 –
2 September 1952
Labour Party Willem Drees
(Drees I)
[16]
Ko Suurhoff (1965).jpg Ko Suurhoff
(1905–1967)
2 September 1952 –
22 December 1958
Labour Party Willem Drees
(Drees IIIII)
[17] [18]
Louis Beel 1958.jpg Dr.
Louis Beel
(Prime Minister)
(1902–1985)
22 December 1958 –
19 May 1959
Catholic
People's Party
Louis Beel
(Beel II)
[19]
Charles van Rooy 1960 (1).jpg Dr.
Charles van Rooy
(1912–1996)
19 May 1959 –
3 July 1961
[Res]
Catholic
People's Party
Jan de Quay
(De Quay)
[20]
Victor Marijnen 1963 (1).jpg Victor Marijnen
(1917–1975)
3 July 1961 –
17 July 1961
[Ad Interim] [Minister]
Catholic
People's Party
Gerard Veldkamp 1964 (1).jpg Dr.
Gerard Veldkamp
(1921–1990)
17 July 1961 –
5 April 1967
Catholic
People's Party
Victor Marijnen
(Marijnen) [21]
Jo Cals
(Cals) [22]
Jelle Zijlstra
(Zijlstra) [23]
Bauke Roolvink 1968 (2).jpg Bauke Roolvink
(1912–1979)
5 April 1967 –
6 July 1971
Anti-Revolutionary
Party
Piet de Jong
(De Jong)
[24]
Minister of Social AffairsTerm of officePartyPrime Minister
(Cabinet)
Boersma, Minister J. - Boersma, Jacob - Boersma Jaap - SFA002005011.jpg Jaap Boersma
(1929–2012)
6 July 1971 –
19 December 1977
Anti-Revolutionary
Party
Barend Biesheuvel
(Biesheuvel III)
[25]
Joop den Uyl
(Den Uyl)
[26]
Wil Albeda 1977 (1).jpg Dr.
Wil Albeda
(1925–2014)
19 December 1977 –
11 September 1981
Anti-Revolutionary
Party
Dries van Agt
(Van Agt I)
[27]
Christian
Democratic Appeal
Minister of Social Affairs
and Employment
Term of officePartyPrime Minister
(Cabinet)
Joop den Uyl 1981 (2).jpg Joop den Uyl
(1919–1987)
[Deputy]
11 September 1981 –
29 May 1982
[Minister] [Res]
Labour Party Dries van Agt
(Van Agt II)
[28]
Louw de Graaf 1979 (1).jpg Louw de Graaf
(1930–2020)
29 May 1982 –
4 November 1982
Christian
Democratic Appeal
Dries van Agt
(Van Agt III)
[29]
Jan de Koning 1978 (1).jpg Jan de Koning
(1926–1994)
4 November 1982 –
3 February 1987
[Minister] [App]
Christian
Democratic Appeal
Ruud Lubbers
(Lubbers I)
[30]
Ruud Lubbers
(Lubbers II)
[31]
Louw de Graaf 1979 (1).jpg Louw de Graaf
(1930–2020)
3 February 1987 –
6 May 1987
[Acting]
Christian
Democratic Appeal
Jan de Koning 1978 (1).jpg Jan de Koning
(1926–1994)
6 May 1987 –
7 November 1989
[Minister]
Christian
Democratic Appeal
Bert de Vries 1984 (1).jpg Dr.
Bert de Vries
(born 1938)
7 November 1989 –
22 August 1994
Christian
Democratic Appeal
Ruud Lubbers
(Lubbers III)
[32]
PvdA - Ad Melkert2002.jpg Ad Melkert
(born 1956)
22 August 1994 –
3 August 1998
Labour Party Wim Kok
(Kok I)
[33]
KlaasDeVries2008.jpg Klaas de Vries
(born 1943)
3 August 1998 –
24 March 2000
[App]
Labour Party Wim Kok
(Kok II)
[34]
Willem Vermeend (2016).jpg Dr.
Willem Vermeend
(born 1948)
24 March 2000 –
22 July 2002
Labour Party
Aart Jan de Geus 2012 (1).jpg Aart Jan de Geus
(born 1955)
22 July 2002 –
22 February 2007
[Minister]
Christian
Democratic Appeal
Jan Peter
Balkenende

(Balkenende IIIIII)
[35] [36] [37]
Donner Dutch politician kabinet Balkenende IV.jpg Piet Hein Donner
(born 1948)
22 February 2007 –
14 October 2010
Christian
Democratic Appeal
Jan Peter
Balkenende

(Balkenende IV)
[38]
Henk Kamp 2011 (1).jpg Henk Kamp
(born 1952)
14 October 2010 –
5 November 2012
People's Party
for Freedom and
Democracy
Mark Rutte
(Rutte I)
[39]
Lodewijk Asscher 2015 (1).jpg Dr.
Lodewijk Asscher
(born 1974)
[Deputy]
5 November 2012 –
26 October 2017
Labour Party Mark Rutte
(Rutte II)
[40]
Wouter-Koolmees (cropped).jpg Wouter Koolmees
(born 1977)
[Deputy]
26 October 2017 –
10 January 2022
Democrats 66 Mark Rutte
(Rutte III)
[41]
Flickr - europeanpeoplesparty - EPP Conference on Lisbon Strategy 25 November 2004 (7) (cropped).jpg Karien
van Gennip

(born 1968)
10 January 2022 –
Incumbent
Christian
Democratic Appeal
Mark Rutte
(Rutte IV)
[42]
Resigned
Acting
Ad Interim
Deputy Prime Minister
Acting Deputy Prime Minister from 1 November 2019 until 14 May 2020
Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries
Minister for Kingdom Relations
Minister of Health, Welfare and Sport from 16 October 2002 until 27 May 2003
Appointed as acting Minister of the Interior
Appointed as Minister of the Interior

List of ministers without portfolio

Ministers without PortfolioPortfolioTerm of officePartyPrime Minister
(Cabinet)
Vicepremier Carola Schouten (cropped).jpg Carola Schouten
(born 1977)
[Deputy]
Welfare
Civic Engagement
Pensions
10 January 2022 –
Incumbent
Christian Union Mark Rutte
(Rutte IV)
[42]

List of state secretaries for social affairs

State Secretary for
Social Affairs
Portfolio(s)Term of officePartyPrime Minister
(Cabinet)
Muntendam, prof. - SFA008007339.jpg Dr.
Piet Muntendam
(1901–1986)
Primary
Healthcare

Elderly Care
Disability Policy
1 April 1950 –
15 September 1951
Labour Party Willem Drees
(Drees–Van Schaik)
[15] [16]
Aart van Rhijn (1940-1945).jpg Dr.
Aat van Rhijn
(1892–1986)
• Social Security
• Unemployment
Occupational
Safety

• Social Services
15 February 1950 –
15 September 1951
Labour Party
State Secretary for
Social Affairs and
Health
Portfolio(s)Term of officePartyPrime Minister
(Cabinet)
Muntendam, prof. - SFA008007339.jpg Dr.
Piet Muntendam
(1901–1986)
Primary
Healthcare

Elderly Care
Disability Policy
15 September 1951 –
1 October 1953
[Res]
Labour Party Willem Drees
(Drees III)
[16] [17]
Aart van Rhijn (1940-1945).jpg Dr.
Aat van Rhijn
(1892–1986)
• Social Security
• Unemployment
Occupational
Safety

• Social Services
15 September 1951 –
22 December 1958
Labour Party Willem Drees
(Drees IIIIII)
[16] [17] [18]
Vacant
Bauke Roolvink 1968 (2).jpg Bauke Roolvink
(1912–1979)
• Social Security
• Unemployment
Occupational
Safety

• Social Services
15 June 1959 –
24 July 1963
Anti-Revolutionary
Party
Jan de Quay
(De Quay)
[20]
Louis Bartels 1965 (1).jpg Dr.
Louis Bartels
(1915–2002)
Primary
Healthcare

Elderly Care
Disability Policy
Medical Ethics
3 September 1963 –
5 April 1967
Catholic
People's Party
Victor Marijnen
(Marijnen)
[21]
Jo Cals
(Cals)
[22]
Jelle Zijlstra
(Zijlstra)
[23]
Jose de Meijer 1965 (1).jpg Dr.
José de Meijer
(1915–2000)
Occupational
Safety

Public
Organisations
15 November 1963 –
5 April 1967
Catholic
People's Party
Victor Marijnen
(Marijnen)
[21]
Jo Cals
(Cals)
[22]
Jelle Zijlstra
(Zijlstra)
[23]
Roelof Kruisinga 1973 (1).jpg Dr.
Roelof Kruisinga
(1922–2012)
Primary
Healthcare

Elderly Care
Disability Policy
Medical Ethics
18 April 1967 –
6 July 1971
Christian
Historical Union
Piet de Jong
(De Jong)
[24]
State Secretary for
Social Affairs
Portfolio(s)Term of officePartyPrime Minister
(Cabinet)
Koos Rietkerk 1977 (1).jpg Koos Rietkerk
(1927–1986)
• Social Security
• Unemployment
Occupational
Safety
28 July 1971 –
23 April 1973
[Res]
People's Party
for Freedom and
Democracy
Barend Biesheuvel
(Biesheuvel III)
[25]
Voorzitter Jan Mertens van de NKV tijdens een vakbondsvergadering in Utrecht, Bestanddeelnr 921-9469.jpg Jan Mertens
(1916–2000)
• Social Security
Occupational
Safety
11 May 1973 –
19 December 1977
Catholic
People's Party
Joop den Uyl
(Den Uyl)
[26]
Louw de Graaf 1979 (1).jpg Louw de Graaf
(1930–2020)
• Social Security
Occupational
Safety
28 December 1977 –
11 September 1981
Anti-Revolutionary
Party
Dries van Agt
(Van Agt I)
[27]
Christian
Democratic Appeal
State Secretary for
Social Affairs and
Employment
Portfolio(s)Term of officePartyPrime Minister
(Cabinet)
Staatssecretaris Dales (PvdA) tijdens het overleg - NL-HaNA Anefo 931-6885 WM422.jpg Ien Dales
(1931–1994)
• Social Security
• Unemployment
Elderly Care
Disability Policy
11 September 1981 –
29 May 1982
[Res]
Labour Party Dries van Agt
(Van Agt II)
[28]
Hedy d'Ancona 1986 (1).jpg Hedy d'Ancona
(born 1937)
Occupational
Safety

Adult
Education

Equality
Emancipation
11 September 1981 –
29 May 1982
[Res]
Labour Party
Piet van Zeil 1980 (1).jpg Piet van Zeil
(1927–2012)
Occupational
Safety

Elderly Care
Disability Policy
12 June 1982 –
4 November 1982
[State Secretary]
Christian
Democratic Appeal
Dries van Agt
(Van Agt III)
[29]
Louw de Graaf 1979 (1).jpg Louw de Graaf
(1930–2020)
• Social Security
• Unemployment
Occupational
Safety
5 November 1982 –
3 February 1987
[App]
Christian
Democratic Appeal
Ruud Lubbers
(Lubbers III)
[30] [31]
6 May 1987 –
1 October 1989
[Res]
Algemene vergadering vaststelling verkiezingsprogramma VVD (Flint, Amersfoort), Bestanddeelnr 931-3842.jpg Annelien Kappeyne
van de Coppello

(1936–1990)
Disability Policy
Family Policy
Equality
Emancipation
8 November 1982 –
14 July 1986
People's Party
for Freedom and
Democracy
Ruud Lubbers
(Lubbers I)
[30]
Forumdiscussie tussen FNV en kamerleden PvdA, CDA, PPR over verlaging ziektegeld uitkering. Elske ter Veld (PvdA) - NL-HaNA Anefo 931-9899 WM443.jpg Elske ter Veld
(1944–2017)
• Social Services
Equality
Emancipation
7 November 1989 –
4 June 1993
[Res]
Labour Party Ruud Lubbers
(Lubbers III)
[32]
Jacques Wallage 1985 (1).jpg Jacques Wallage
(born 1946)
9 June 1993 –
22 August 1994
Labour Party
R.L.O. Linschoten (VVD) aan het woord, Bestanddeelnr 932-5337.jpg Robin Linschoten
(born 1956)
• Social Security
• Unemployment
Occupational
Safety
22 August 1994 –
28 June 1998
[Res]
People's Party
for Freedom and
Democracy
Wim Kok
(Kok I)
[33]
Frank de Grave.jpg Frank de Grave
(born 1955)
2 July 1996 –
3 August 1998
People's Party
for Freedom and
Democracy
HHoogervorst.jpg Hans Hoogervorst
(born 1956)
• Social Security
Occupational
Safety

• Social Services
3 August 1998 –
22 July 2002
People's Party
for Freedom and
Democracy
Wim Kok
(Kok II)
[34]
Netherlands politic personality icon.svg Annelies Verstand
(born 1949)
• Unemployment
Equality
Emancipation
3 August 1998 –
22 July 2002
Democrats 66
Rutte.jpg Mark Rutte
(born 1967)
• Social Security
• Unemployment
Occupational
Safety

• Social Services
22 July 2002 –
17 June 2004
[App]
People's Party
for Freedom and
Democracy
Jan Peter
Balkenende

(Balkenende I)
[35]
Jan Peter
Balkenende

(Balkenende II)
[36]
HvanHoof.jpg Henk van Hoof
(born 1947)
17 June 2004 –
22 February 2007
People's Party
for Freedom and
Democracy
Jan Peter
Balkenende

(Balkenende III)
[37]
Philomena Bijlhout 2020 (profile).png Philomena Bijlhout
(born 1957)
Family Policy
Equality
Emancipation
22 July 2002 –
24 July 2002
[Res]
Pim Fortuyn List Jan Peter
Balkenende

(Balkenende I)
[35]
Netherlands politic personality icon.svg Khee Liang Phoa
(born 1955)
9 September 2002 –
27 May 2003
Pim Fortuyn List
Aboutaleb Dutch politician kabinet Balkenende IV.jpg Ahmed Aboutaleb
(born 1961)
• Social Security
• Unemployment
Occupational
Safety

• Social Services
22 February 2007 –
18 December 2008
[App]
Labour Party Jan Peter
Balkenende

(Balkenende IV)
[38]
Jetteklijnsma.jpg Jetta Klijnsma
(born 1957)
18 December 2008 –
23 February 2010
[Res]
Labour Party
Paul-de-krom-portret.jpg Paul de Krom
(born 1963)
• Social Security
• Unemployment
Occupational
Safety

• Social Services
14 October 2010 –
5 November 2012
People's Party
for Freedom and
Democracy
Mark Rutte
(Rutte I)
[40]
Jetta Klijnsma 2015 (1).jpg Jetta Klijnsma
(born 1957)
• Social Security
• Unemployment
Occupational
Safety

• Social Services
Equality
Emancipation
5 November 2012 –
26 October 2017
Labour Party Mark Rutte
(Rutte II)
[40]
Tamara van Ark 2018 (1).jpg Tamara van Ark
(born 1974)
• Social Security
• Unemployment
Occupational
Safety

• Social Services
Youth Care
Equality
Emancipation
26 October 2017 –
9 July 2020
[App]
People's Party
for Freedom and
Democracy
Mark Rutte
(Rutte III)
[41]
BasvantWout2017.jpg Bas van 't Wout
(born 1979)
9 July 2020 –
20 January 2021
[App]
People's Party
for Freedom and
Democracy
Dennis Wiersma, voorzitter FNV Jong, bij het congres FNV in Beweging, 14 en 15 mei 2013 (cropped).jpg Dennis Wiersma
(born 1986)
10 August 2021 –
10 January 2022
People's Party
for Freedom and
Democracy
Resigned
Appointed as State Secretary for Education, Culture and Science
Appointed as Mayor of Rotterdam
Appointed as Minister without Portfolio for Health, Welfare and Sport
Appointed as Minister of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy
State Secretary for Economic Affairs

See also

Related Research Articles

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  11. "Kabinet-Gerbrandy I / II". GerbrandyI/II. Parlement & Politiek.
  12. "Kabinet-Gerbrandy III". GerbrandyIII. Parlement & Politiek.
  13. "Kabinet-Schermerhorn-Drees". SchermerhornDrees. Rijksoverheid.
  14. "Kabinet-Beel I". BeelI. Rijksoverheid.
  15. 1 2 "Kabinet-Drees-Van Schaik". DreesVanSchaik. Rijksoverheid.
  16. 1 2 3 4 5 "Kabinet-Drees I". DreesI. Rijksoverheid.
  17. 1 2 3 "Kabinet-Drees II". DreesII. Rijksoverheid.
  18. 1 2 "Kabinet-Drees III". DreesIII. Rijksoverheid.
  19. "Kabinet-Beel II". BeelII. Rijksoverheid.
  20. 1 2 "Kabinet-De Quay". DeQuay. Rijksoverheid.
  21. 1 2 3 "Kabinet-Marijnen". Marijnen. Rijksoverheid.
  22. 1 2 3 "Kabinet-Cals". Cals. Rijksoverheid.
  23. 1 2 3 "Kabinet-Zijlstra". Zijlstra. Rijksoverheid.
  24. 1 2 "Kabinet-De Jong". De Jong. Rijksoverheid.
  25. 1 2 "Kabinet-Biesheuvel". Biesheuvel. Rijksoverheid.
  26. 1 2 "Kabinet-Den Uyl". DenUyl. Rijksoverheid.
  27. 1 2 "Kabinet-Van Agt I". VanAgtI. Rijksoverheid.
  28. 1 2 "Kabinet-Van Agt II". VanAgtII. Rijksoverheid.
  29. 1 2 "Kabinet-Van Agt III". VanAgtIII. Rijksoverheid.
  30. 1 2 3 "Kabinet-Lubbers I". LubbersI. Rijksoverheid.
  31. 1 2 "Kabinet-Lubbers II". LubbersII. Rijksoverheid.
  32. 1 2 "Kabinet-Lubbers III". LubbersIII. Rijksoverheid.
  33. 1 2 "Kabinet-Kok I". KokI. Rijksoverheid.
  34. 1 2 "Kabinet-Kok II". KokII. Rijksoverheid.
  35. 1 2 3 "Kabinet-Balkenende I". BalkenendeI. Rijksoverheid.
  36. 1 2 "Kabinet-Balkenende II". BalkenendeII. Rijksoverheid.
  37. 1 2 "Kabinet-Balkenende III". BalkenendeIII. Rijksoverheid.
  38. 1 2 "Kabinet-Balkenende IV". BalkenendeIV. Rijksoverheid.
  39. "Kabinet-Rutte-Verhagen". RutteI. Rijksoverheid.
  40. 1 2 3 "Kabinet-Rutte-Asscher". RutteII. Rijksoverheid.
  41. 1 2 "Kabinet-Rutte III". RutteIII. Rijksoverheid.
  42. 1 2 "Kabinet-Rutte IV". RutteIV. Rijksoverheid.