This article needs to be updated.(April 2022) |
The stock of plug-in electric passenger cars in Canada in use totaled 141,060 units at the end of 2019, consisting of 78,680 all-electric cars and 62,380 plug-in hybrids. [1] Sales totaled 50,960 units in 2019. [1]
The Chevrolet Volt was the top selling plug-in hybrid, with cumulative sales of 13,619 units through December 2017, and the Tesla Model S was the top selling all-electric car with 6,731 units as of December 2017. [2]
Quebec is the regional market leader in Canada, with about 11,000 plug-in electric cars registered as of September 2016 [update] , of which, 55% are plug-in hybrids. Registrations in the province totaled 3,100 units in 2015, representing a market share of 0.7% of new car sales, and 45% of total Canadian plug-in electric car sales that year. [3]
On December 21, 2022, Steven Guilbeault, Canada's minister of environment and climate change, unveiled a regulation that would require increasing percentages of vehicle sales in Canada to be zero-emissions vehicles, up to 100% by the year 2035. The regulations will require that at least 20 percent of new vehicles sold in Canada will be zero emission by 2026, at least 60 percent by 2030, and 100 percent by 2035. [4]
Articles about plug-in electric vehicles in individual provinces and territories:
The Canadian government provides a rebate of C$5000 to the purchase of an electric vehicle. [4]
In January 2009, Hydro-Québec and Mitsubishi signed an agreement to test 50 i-MiEV, at the time, the largest pilot test of electric cars in Canada ever. The test's goal was to allow a better understanding of winter usage of the technology. BC-Hydro and Mitsubishi had previously tested a three-vehicle fleet in British Columbia. [5] In October 2010, Transport Canada and Mitsubishi Motor Sales of Canada announced a partnership to test the Mitsubishi i-MiEV. Transport Canada's ecoTECHNOLOGY for Vehicles (eTV) Program tested two i-MiEVs in government facilities and in a variety of real-world conditions. This program aim was to evaluate the i-MiEV road performance and range. [6] Retail sales of the i-MiEV began in December 2011, [7] [8]
The Nissan Leaf roll-out in Canada began with fleet customers on July 29, 2011, [9] and deliveries to individuals began in late September 2011. [10] [11] As of December 2011 [update] , the Leaf was sold only through 27 Leaf-certified dealers for the entire country, and sales were limited to customers who live within a 65 km (40 mi) radius of one of those dealers. [12] Cumulative sales through December 2014 reached 1,965 units, and, as of December 2014 [update] , the Leaf ranked as the top selling all-electric car in the country. [13] [14]
Retail sales of the Tesla Model S began in 2012, with 95 cars delivered that year. A total of 638 units were sold in 2013, and cumulative sales reached 1,580 units through December 2014, allowing the Model S to rank as the second best selling all-electric car in the country. [13] [15] During 2014 the BMW i3, Kia Soul EV, BMW i8 and Porsche 918 Spyder were introduced in the Canadian market. [13] The top selling models in 2015 were the Tesla Model S with 2,010 units, followed by the Chevrolet Volt with 1,463, the Nissan Leaf with 1,233, the BMW i3 with 367, and the Kia Soul EV with 318. [16] In 2015, the Model S passed the Nissan Leaf as the all-time best selling all-electric car in Canada. [17] [18]
The all-electric Renault Twizy 40 low-speed quadricycle was certified by Transport Canada in March 2016, and was scheduled to be released on the Canadian market by mid-2016. [19]
British Columbia is the only place in the country where it is legal to drive a low-speed vehicle (LSV) electric car on public roads, although it also requires low speed warning marking and flashing lights. Quebec is allowing LSVs in a three-year pilot project. These cars will not be allowed on the highway, but will be allowed on city streets.[ citation needed ]
There were 18,451 highway legal plug-in electric cars registered in Canada as of December 2015 [update] , of which, 10,034 (54%) are all-electric cars and 8,417 (46%) are plug-in hybrids. These figures include some used imports from the U.S. [20] Until 2014 Canadian sales were evenly split between all-electric cars (50.8)% and plug-in hybrids (49.2%). [13]
The Chevrolet Volt, released in 2011, is the all-time top selling plug-in electric vehicle in the country, with cumulative sales of 6,387 units through May 2015 (representing over 30% of all plug-in cars sold in the country). [21] [16] [22] Ranking second is the Tesla Model S with 4,160 units sold through April 2016, followed by the Nissan Leaf with 3,692 units delivered as of May 2016 [update] . [21] [16] [14] The Model S was the top selling plug-in electric car in Canada in 2015 with 2,010 units sold. [16] [20]
A total of 1,969 plug-in cars were sold in 2012, up from 521 in 2011. Sales climbed 57.7% in 2013 to 3,106 units, and in 2014 were up 63.0% from 2013 to 5,062 units, reaching cumulative sales of 10,658 plug-in cars through December 2014. The market share of the plug-in electric car segment grew from 0.03% in 2011, to 0.12% in 2012, and reached 0.27% of new car sales in the country in 2014. [13] Cumulative sales reached the 30,000 unit mark in January 2017. [23]
The following table presents new car sales by year of all the highway-capable plug-in electric cars available in Canada between 2011 and December 2015.
Model | Total 2011-2015 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chevrolet Volt [22] | 5,415 | 1,463 | 1,521 | 931 | 1,225 | 275 |
Tesla Model S [16] | 3,590 | 2,010 | 847 | 638 | 95 | |
Nissan Leaf [14] | 3,198 | 1,233 | 1,085 | 470 | 240 | 170 |
Smart electric drive [16] | 1,132 | 306 | 561 | 222 | 28 | 15 |
Mitsubishi i MiEV [24] | 617 | 121 | 109 | 168 | 196 | 23 |
Ford C-Max Energi [16] | 609 | 138 | 272 | 199 | ||
BMW i3 [16] | 566 | 367 | 199 | |||
Ford Fusion Energi [16] | 429 | 144 | 169 | 116 | ||
Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid [16] | 394 | 43 | 76 | 212 | 63 | |
Kia Soul EV [16] | 357 | 318 | 39 | |||
Ford Focus Electric [16] | 244 | 42 | 44 | 103 | 55 | |
BMW i8 [16] | 228 | 200 | 28 | |||
Porsche Cayenne S E-Hybrid [16] | 213 | 213 | ||||
Fisker Karma [16] | 100 | 7 | 26 | 67 | ||
Cadillac ELR [16] | 73 | 25 | 44 | 4 | ||
Chevrolet Spark EV [16] | 66 | 35 | 26 | 5 | ||
Porsche Panamera S E-Hybrid [16] | 65 | 20 | 45 | |||
Tesla Roadster [16] | 53 | 53 | ||||
Porsche 918 Spyder [16] | 28 | 21 | 7 | |||
Audi A3 Sportback e-tron [16] | 24 | 24 | ||||
McLaren P1 [16] | 9 | 6 | 3 | |||
BMW X5 xDrive40e [16] | 5 | 5 | ||||
Toyota RAV4 EV [16] | 4 | 1 | 3 | |||
Total new plug-in car sales [16] | 17,995 | 6,990 | 5,322 | 3,178 | 1,969 | 536 |
PEV market share of new car sales [16] | 0.37% | 0.29% | 0.18% | 0.12% | 0.03% | |
Note: New car sales seldom correspond to registrations figures, as some plug-in model registered are used imports from the U.S. and some model numbers may declined as more cars are being taken off the road than are being sold. |
Practical electric vehicles appeared during the 1890s. An electric vehicle held the vehicular land speed record until around 1900. In the 20th century, the high cost, low top speed, and short-range of battery electric vehicles, compared to internal combustion engine vehicles, led to a worldwide decline in their use as private motor vehicles. Electric vehicles have continued to be used for loading and freight equipment and for public transport – especially rail vehicles.
The Mitsubishi Outlander is a compact crossover SUV manufactured by Japanese automaker Mitsubishi Motors. It was originally known as the Mitsubishi Airtrek when it was introduced in Japan in 2001.
A plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) is a hybrid electric vehicle whose battery pack can be recharged by plugging a charging cable into an external electric power source, in addition to internally by its on-board internal combustion engine-powered generator. Most PHEVs are passenger cars, but there are also PHEV versions of sports cars, commercial vehicles and vans, utility trucks, buses, trains, motorcycles, mopeds, and even military vehicles.
The Chevrolet Volt is a plug-in hybrid manufactured by General Motors, also marketed in rebadged variants as the Holden Volt in Australia and New Zealand and the Buick Velite 5 in China, and with a different fascia as the Vauxhall Ampera in the United Kingdom and as the Opel Ampera in the remainder of Europe. Volt production ended in February 2019.
The history of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) spans a little more than a century, but most of the significant commercial developments have taken place after 2002. The revival of interest in this automotive technology together with all-electric cars is due to advances in battery and power management technologies, and concerns about increasingly volatile oil prices and supply disruption, and also the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Between 2003 and 2010 most PHEVs on the roads were conversions of production hybrid electric vehicles, and the most prominent PHEVs were aftermarket conversions of 2004 or later Toyota Prius, which have had plug-in charging and more lead-acid batteries added and their electric-only range extended.
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The Renault–Nissan–Mitsubishi Alliance, originally known as the Renault–Nissan Alliance, is a French-Japanese strategic alliance between the automobile manufacturers Renault, Nissan and Mitsubishi Motors, which together sell more than 1 in 9 vehicles worldwide. Renault and Nissan have been partners since 1999, and Mitsubishi was added to the alliance in 2017. The partnership was not a merger, but instead the companies have cross ownership, a common relationship between companies in Japan. As of January 2023, Renault and Nissan each own 15% of the shares of the other company and Nissan owns 34% of the shares of Mitsubishi. The structure was unique in the auto industry during the 1990s, an era that saw the mergers of several other manufacturers.
The Norwegian fleet of plug-in electric vehicles is the largest per capita in the world. In December 2016, Norway became the first country where five in every 100 passenger cars on the road were plug-in; attained 10% in October 2018, and reached 25% in September 2022.
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The adoption of plug-in electric vehicles in the United Kingdom is actively supported by the British government through the plug-in car and van grants schemes and other incentives. About 745,000 light-duty plug-in electric vehicles had been registered in the UK up until December 2021, consisting of 395,000 all-electric vehicles and 350,000 plug-in hybrids. Until 2019, the UK had the second largest European stock of light-duty plug-in vehicles in use after Norway.
The stock of plug-in electric vehicles in California is the largest in the United States, and as of December 2021, cumulative plug-in car registrations in the state since 2010 totaled 1.072 million units. California is the largest U.S. car market with about 10% of all new car sales in the country, but has accounted for almost half of all plug-in cars sold in the American market since 2011. Since November 2016 and until 2020, China was the only country market that exceeded California in terms of cumulative plug-in electric car sales.
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: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)See Statistical annex, pp. 247–252 (See Tables A.1 and A.12).